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Speech Production and Perception of English /s-∫/ by Korean ESL Learners
Sang Yee Cheon 한국응용언어학회 2010 응용 언어학 Vol.26 No.4
The present study deals with the issue of the perception-production relationship in second language (L2) acquisition by examining the acquisition of L2 English contrasts /s-∫/ in syllable initial position that is allophonic in Korean by Korean English as a second language (ESL) learners with different L2 experience. Korean inexperienced ESL learners could not distinctively produce the English sibilants /s-∫/ that they did perceive well. The mean production scores of Korean-experienced ESL learners were not as good as their perception scores, but their production abilities were improved, indicating that longer exposure to an English speaking environment enabled Korean ESL learners to improve their production ability. The results are comparable to the findings of Bohn and Flege (1990) that the relationship between perception and production changes with time or with L2 experience. As L2 learners gain experience in the L2, perception and production abilities develop for an L2 contrast that is allophonic in L1.
Glides as Consonants in Korean
Cheon, Sang Yee 서울대학교 어학연구소 2002 語學硏究 Vol.38 No.2
This paper is to examine the underlying representation and the structural status of glides in Korean, focusing on the syllable-structure status of on-glides in the onset position. Supporting the two hypotheses : Onset Hypothesis and Coda Hypothesis, in this paper, it has been argued that : (1) Korean glides are orthographically like vowels but phonologically and phonetically like consonants in the phonetic representation; (2) in Korean syllable structure, onset and nucleus form a constituent (X), and a single glide before a vowel is like a consonant in the onset, and on-glides preceded by a consonant are part of the onset based on articulatory and acoustic evidence as well as evidence from glide formation and insertion, language games, phonotactic constraints, partial reduplication, and vowel harmony; (3) a consonant + glide sequence is treated as a consonant cluster, deleted or being simplified in casual speech; (4) a vowel + glide sequence /ij/ acts like nucleus plus coda in Korean because consonant clusters are not allowed in the coda on the surface, thus the off-glide cannot be followed by any tautosyllabic consonants in the coda position. Therefore, Korean glides in the underlying representation may be vowels. In the course of derivation, however, the glides are like consonants in the phonetic representation in that glides cannot occur in the nucleus of the syllables, and they do not maintain steady states acoustically. In addition, in the articulation of glides, they are produced with a construction that is greater than the corresponding vowels.