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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : ( Roshan D’souza ) (검색결과 7 건)
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First Report of the Carbapenemase Gene <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-499</sub> in <i>Acinetobacter pittii</i>
D'Souza, Roshan,Pinto, Naina Adren,Higgins, Paul G.,Hwang, Insik,Yong, Dongeun,Choi, Jongrak,Lee, Kyoungwon,Chong, Yunsop American Society for Microbiology 2017 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Vol.61 No.5
<P>We identified the carbapenemase gene bla(OXA-499), a variant of bla(OXA-143), from a clinical isolate of Acinetobacter pittii for the first time. OXA-499 shared 93.1% amino acid identity with OXA-143, and the gene was located on the chromosome. By cloning the OXA-499-encoding gene into the pWH1266 vector and transforming it into susceptible Acinetobacter spp., we were able to show that OXA-499 confers resistance to carbapenems.</P>
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이양순,Roshan D’Souza,용동은,이경원 대한진단검사의학회 2016 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.36 No.4
Background: We investigated the whole genome sequence (WGS) of a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate belonging to the global clone 2 (GC2) and predicted resistance islands using a software tool. Methods: A. baumannii strain YU-R612 was isolated from the sputum of a 61-yr-old man with sepsis. The WGS of the YU-R612 strain was obtained by using the PacBio RS II Sequencing System (Pacific Biosciences Inc., USA). Antimicrobial resistance genes and resistance islands were analyzed by using ResFinder and Genomic Island Prediction software (GIPSy), respectively. Results: The YU-R612 genome consisted of a circular chromosome (ca. 4,075 kb) and two plasmids (ca. 74 kb and 5 kb). Its sequence type (ST) under the Oxford scheme was ST191, consistent with assignment to GC2. ResFinder analysis showed that YU-R612 possessed the following resistance genes: four β-lactamase genes blaADC-30, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-23, and blaTEM-1; armA, aadA1, and aacA4 as aminoglycoside resistance-encoding genes; aac(6’)Ib-cr for fluoroquinolone resistance; msr(E) for macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance; catB8 for phenicol resistance; and sul1 for sulfonamide resistance. By GIPSy analysis, six putative resistant islands (PRIs) were determined on the YU-R612 chromosome. Among them, PRI1 possessed two copies of Tn2009 carrying blaOXA-23, and PRI5 carried two copies of a class I integron carrying sul1 and armA genes. Conclusions: By prediction of resistance islands in the carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii YU-R612 GC2 strain isolated in Korea, PRIs were detected on the chromosome that possessed Tn2009 and class I integrons. The prediction of resistance islands using software tools was useful for analysis of the WGS.
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The role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis: current challenges and perspectives.
Chen, Xiao,D'Souza, Roshan,Hong, Seong-Tshool Springer ; Higher Education Press 2013 Protein & cell Vol.4 No.6
<P>Brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are intimately connected to form a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system. The communication between gut and brain, knows as the gut-brain axis, is so well established that the functional status of gut is always related to the condition of brain. The researches on the gut-brain axis were traditionally focused on the psychological status affecting the function of the GI tract. However, recent evidences showed that gut microbiota communicates with the brain via the gut-brain axis to modulate brain development and behavioral phenotypes. These recent findings on the new role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis implicate that gut microbiota could associate with brain functions as well as neurological diseases via the gut-brain axis. To elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis, precise identification of the composition of microbes constituting gut microbiota is an essential step. However, identification of microbes constituting gut microbiota has been the main technological challenge currently due to massive amount of intestinal microbes and the difficulties in culture of gut microbes. Current methods for identification of microbes constituting gut microbiota are dependent on omics analysis methods by using advanced high tech equipment. Here, we review the association of gut microbiota with the gut-brain axis, including the pros and cons of the current high throughput methods for identification of microbes constituting gut microbiota to elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis.</P>
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Thao Nguyen Vu,Jung-Hyun Byun,Roshan D’Souza,Naina Adren Pinto,Le Phuong Nguyen,DongeunYong,Yunsop Chong 대한진단검사의학회 2020 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.40 No.1
Background: The existing modified carbapenem inactivation methods (mCIMs) recommended by the CLSI for detecting carbapenemase production have not been applicable for Acinetobacter baumannii. We evaluated the influence of matrices used in mCIMs and CIMTris on the stability of the disks for detecting carbapenemase producers and suggested optimal mCIM conditions for detecting carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii. Methods: Seventy-three A. baumannii isolates characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and carbapenemase encoding genes were tested for carbapenemase production using mCIM and CIMTris. The influence of the matrices (Tryptic soy broth [TSB] and Tris-HCl) used in these methods on the stability of the meropenem (MEM) disk was also evaluated. The mCIM conditions were adjusted to enhance screening sensitivity and specificity for detecting carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii. Results: The matrices had an impact on the stability of the MEM disk after the incubation period (two or four hrs). TSB nutrient broth is an appropriate matrix for mCIM compared with Tris-HCl pH 7.6, which leads to the loss of MEM activity in CIMTris. The sensitivity and the specificity of the optimal mCIM were both 100%. Conclusions: We established optimal mCIM conditions for simple, accurate, and reproducible detection of carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii.
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김도균,김형선,Naina Pinto,전종수,Roshan D’Souza,김명숙,최준용,용동은,정석훈,이경원 대한진단검사의학회 2016 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.36 No.2
Carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) are rapidly disseminating worldwide, and their presence in tertiary care hospitals poses a significant threat to the management of nosocomial infections. There is a need to control CPO, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, because these organisms are resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics and are easily transmitted. At present, the identification of CPO is time-consuming; hence, this study focused on the use of the Xpert CARBA-R assay (Cepheid, USA) to determine intestinal colonization rates of CPO in patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Korea. Forty clinical stool samples were collected and inoculated both in a CARBA-R cartridge and in conventional culture plates. The CARBA-R assay required only ~one hour to screen CPO, while the time required for conventional culture was over three days. We also found that the prevalences of intestinal colonization by carbapenem-resistant organisms and Enterobacteriaceae were 17.5% (7 out of 40) and 7.5% (3 out of 40), respectively. Among the colonizing strains, three that contained carbapenemase, including Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase (KPC), and imipenem (IMP) and Verona integron-mediated metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) were found. With its convenience, the Xpert CARBA-R assay can be included in CPO surveillance strategies.
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( Dipendra Raj Pandeya ),( Bagalkot T ),( Jay Kumar Das ),( Roshan D’souza ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis (HCV) C virus are endemic in India and have an aetiological role in acute hepatitis, 50 - 70%, of which end up with chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV)and their dual infection among patients admitted in Tertiary care Hospital in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra Methods: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted between August 2010 to July 2011 at Tertiary care Hospital Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. The pathological research laboratory is situated in the hospital premises. All the patients who were admitted in the hospital were included in the study after taking informed consent. Three (3) ml of blood was collected in a syringe without anticoagulant from anticubital vein with all aseptic precaution. Serum was separated and screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Antibodies against Hepatitis C. The tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions provided in the kit. A questionnaire was completed from all positive patients. All the information was entered in a standard form. Results: A total of 2230 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 2230 patients 1562(70.04%) were male and 668 (29.95%) were female. All patients under went screening for HBV and HCV. Age wise distribution and seropositivity of HBV & HCV infection by age is given in table 2. Hepatitis b and Hepatitis c was present in 61 (02.37%) patients, out of these 61 patients 44 (72.13%) were male and 17 (27.86%) were female. Hepatitis B was present in 46 (02.06%) patients, Hepatitis c was present in 13(0.58%) patients and 02 (0.0089%) patients were positive for both Hepatitis B and Hepatits C. Sex wise seropositivity is given in table no. 1. The overall prevalence of HBV infection within the study period was 2.06%, HCV 0.58% and for HBV & HCV both was 0.089%. Regarding the prediposing factors, past history of surgery 17 (27.86%), Blood transfusion 22 (36.06%), Dental procedure 07 (11.47%), Injection & drug abuse 04 (06.55%), Barbar shaving 02 (03.27%), and No known risk factor 09(14.75%) were found. Conclusions: For the prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV infection, the community awareness regarding vaccination against Hepatitis B and risk factors for spread of HBV & HCV, implementation of population based screening and vaccination for HBV on large scale should be ensured.
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( Dipendra Raj Pandeya ),( Bagalkot T ),( Jay Kumar Das ),( Roshan D`souza ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis (HCV) C virus are endemic in India and have an aetiological role in acute hepatitis, 50 - 70%, of which end up with chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV)and their dual infection among patients admitted in Tertiary care Hospital in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra Methods: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted between August 2010 to July 2011 at Tertiary care Hospital Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. The pathological research laboratory is situated in the hospital premises. All the patients who were admitted in the hospital were included in the study after taking informed consent. Three (3) ml of blood was collected in a syringe without anticoagulant from anticubital vein with all aseptic precaution. Serum was separated and screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Antibodies against Hepatitis C. The tests were performed according to the manufacturer`s instructions provided in the kit. A questionnaire was completed from all positive patients. All the information was entered in a standard form. Results: A total of 2230 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 2230 patients 1562(70.04%) were male and 668 (29.95%) were female. All patients under went screening for HBV and HCV. Age wise distribution and seropositivity of HBV & HCV infection by age is given in table 2. Hepatitis b and Hepatitis c was present in 61 (02.37%) patients, out of these 61 patients 44 (72.13%) were male and 17 (27.86%) were female. Hepatitis B was present in 46 (02.06%) patients, Hepatitis c was present in 13(0.58%) patients and 02 (0.0089%) patients were positive for both Hepatitis B and Hepatits C. Sex wise seropositivity is given in table no. 1. The overall prevalence of HBV infection within the study period was 2.06%, HCV 0.58% and for HBV & HCV both was 0.089%. Regarding the prediposing factors, past history of surgery 17 (27.86%), Blood transfusion 22 (36.06%), Dental procedure 07 (11.47%), Injection & drug abuse 04 (06.55%), Barbar shaving 02 (03.27%), and No known risk factor 09(14.75%) were found. Conclusions: For the prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV infection, the community awareness regarding vaccination against Hepatitis B and risk factors for spread of HBV & HCV, implementation of population based screening and vaccination for HBV on large scale should be ensured.
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