A Global Online Dispute Resolution System: Is China Ready to Join?

( Qi Sheng He ),( Ji Ping Song ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2011 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.7 No.-

In recent years, Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) is in a period of active development and change. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and other international organizations are actively promoting the establishment of a global ODR system. Facing small value, large volume claims, traditional dispute resolution system in China also can not resolve effectively these disputes arising out of electronic commerce. With an increasing demand of ODR and a favorable legal circumstance for it, ODR practice in China has developed rapidly during the past several years. It can be mainly represented by three categories: Domain Name Dispute Resolution Center of China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC), China Online Dispute Resolution Center and Alipay Internal Complaint Mechanism. As for the prospects of China working with UNCITRAL on a Global ODR System, on the one hand, China`s participation in UNCITRAL work on a global ODR system can facilitate its ODR development; on the other hand, China can play an active role in establishing a global ODR system.

Prospective UNCITRAL Technical Assistance for Asian Countries in International Arbitration

( Qi Sheng He ),( Da Yong Zhou ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2011 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.7 No.-

The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) is a core legal body established by the United Nations, which takes the mandate to harmonize the international and regional trade law, and to create an environmentfacilitating international trade and commercial transactions. In the field of international commercial arbitration, UNCITRAL conducts cooperation programs and provides technical assistance to facilitate its mission. In Asia, facing a rapid regional economic boost but divergent legal systems, improving the professional quality and credibility of regional arbitral institutes shall meet the continual increased regional need for commercial arbitrations and guarantee the accurate application of international law. This article introduces the function of UNCITRAL, gives a brief analysis of the demand for improving international commercial arbitration in Asia, and suggests that UNCITRAL as an appropriateorganization may prospectively contribute to promote the competences of regional arbitral institutes and arbitral participants by means of providing active technical assistance and cooperative projects. Two tentative proposals are put forward in this article from a practical perspective.

Correlation between population size of pear Psylla (Cacopsylla chinensis) and leaf structure features in different pear cultivars

Sheng-jie Xu,Lun Wu,Qi Zhi Liu,Jun Liu,He Wang,Jie-wen Wang,Ting Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2

The feeding preference of pear psylla (Cacopsylla chinensis) varies among pear cultivars. To clarify whether leaf structural factors are related to C. chinensis resistance, eleven pear cultivars of three pear species and their hybrids in China were studied. The population size of C. chinensis in plots of different cultivars was investigated, and leaf paraffin sections of each pear cultivar were observed. Correlation analysis results showed that the thickness of palisade tissue (PT) and the thickness ratio (TR) of PT to leaf (L) were the main factors influencing resistance to C. chinensis. The leaves of cultivar Wujiuxiang and those species from France and the USA exhibited the thickest PT and the highest TR; these three cultivars demonstrated much higher resistance to C. chinensis than did the other cultivars. The cultivar Gold Nijisseiki, with a large C. chinensis population size, showed low PT and TR. The findings of this study may provide valuable information to pear growers, experts and scientists regarding plant protection, cultivation and breeding when selecting suitable varieties to culture from the perspective of pest control.

Expression and Prognostic Role of MEKK3 and pERK in Patients with Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma

Chen, Qi,Lu, Hong-sheng,Gan, Mei-fu,Chen, Lan-xi,He, Kai,Fan, Guang-min,Cao, Xue-quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) is an important serine/threonine protein kinase and a member of the MAPK family. MEKK3 can effectively activate the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and promote an autocrine growth loop critical for tumor genesis, cell proliferation, terminal differentiation, apoptosis and survival. To explore the relationship between MEKK3 and cell apoptosis, clinicopathology and prognosis, we characterize the expression of MEKK3, pERK and FoxP3 in the renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC). Protein expression was detected by tissue microarray and immunochemistry in 46 cases of RCCC and 28 control cases. Expression levels of CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ were assessed by flow cytometry and analyzed for their association with pathological factors, correlation and prognosis in RCCC. Expression of MEKK3, pERK and FoxP3 was significantly up-regulated in RCCC as compared to control levels (p<0.01), associated with pathological grade (p<0.05)and clinical stage (p<0.05). CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells were also significantly increased in RCCC patients (p<0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that MEKK3, pERK expression and patholigical stage were independent prognostic factors in patients with RCCC (p<0.05). MEKK3 can be used as an important marker of early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation in RCCC. It may be associated with imbalance of anti-tumor immunity and overexpression of pERK. Expression of MEKK3 and pERK are significantly increased in RCCC, with protein expression and clinical stage acting as independent prognostic factors.

Factors for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Early Colorectal Neoplasms: A Single Center Clinical Experience in China

Yu-Qi He,Xin Wang,Lang Yang,Jian Zhang,Qian Kang,Shan Tang,Peng Jin,Jian-Qiu Sheng,Ai-Qin Li 대한소화기내시경학회 2015 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.48 No.5

Background/Aims: Early colorectal (CR) neoplasm can be cured by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), but clinical experience and factors associated with complications from ESD for CR neoplasms in China have not been reported . Methods: Seventy-eight cases of early CR neoplasm treated with endoscopic resection performed between December 2012 and December 2013 at Beijing Military General Hospital were included. Factors associated with ESD complications and procedure times were evaluated. Results: The en bloc resection rate was 88.5% (69/78), tumor size was 32.1±10.7 mm, and procedure time was 71.8±49.5 minutes. The major complication was perforation, which occurred in 8.97% of the ESD procedures. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that only tumor size (p=0.022) was associated with ESD perforation. Tumor size (p<0.001) and the non-lifting sign (p=0.017) were independent factors for procedure time, and procedure time (p=0.016) was a key factor for en bloc resection. After a median 10 months (range, 4 to 16) of follow-up, no patients had local recurrence. Conclusions: This study indicated that ESD is an applicable method for large early CR neoplasm in the colon and rectum. Tumor size and the non-lifting sign might be considerable factors for increased complication rate and procedural time of ESD.

Estradiol regulates miR-135b and mismatch repair gene expressions via estrogen receptor-β in colorectal cells

Yu-qi He,Jian-qiu Sheng,Xian-long Ling,Lei Fu,Peng Jin,Lawrence Yen,Jianyu Rao 생화학분자생물학회 2012 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.44 No.12

Estrogen has anti-colorectal cancer effects which are thought to be mediated by mismatch repair gene (MMR) activity. Estrogen receptor (ER) expression is associated with microRNA (miRNA) expression in ER-positive tumors. However, studies of direct link between estrogen (especially estradiol E2), miRNA expression, and MMR in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been done. In this study, we first evaluated the effects of estradiol (E2) and its antagonist ICI182,780 on the expression of miRNAs (miR-31, miR-155 and miR-135b) using COLO205, SW480 and MCF-7 cell lines, followed by examining the association of tissue miRNA expression and serum E2 levels using samples collected from 18 colorectal cancer patients. E2inhibited the expressions of miRNAs in COLO205 cells,which could be reversed by E2 antagonist ICI 182.780. The expression of miR-135b was inversely correlated with serum E2 level and ER-β mRNA expression in CRC patients’ cancer tissues. There were significant correlations between serum E2 level and expression of ER-β, miR-135b, and MMR in colon cancer tissue. This study suggests that the effects of estrogen on MMR function may be related to regulating miRNA expression via ER-β, which may be the basis for the anti-cancer effect in colorectal cells.

Exploration on Obstacle Avoidance and Study of Balance

WANG Qi-ming,Liu Jian-fen,Shi He-sheng 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.3

This paper studies ε-greedy algorithm and softmax algorithm in obstacle avoidance and balance study. In the experiment, Sarsa algorithm and Q-Learning algorithm were used to appropriately simplify and build the model of obstacle avoidance; softmax algorithm was used to address how to balance exploration and utilisation; and two classical algorithms of reinforcement learning were adopted to deal with obstacle avoidance. The results generated by simulation prove that Sarsa algorithm and Q-Learning algorithm can handle obstacle avoidance and balance study in limited time step, which makes the intelligent agent improve the non-maximum estimated value of the value function of the state so as to choose the best action that has been carried out. In addition, Sarsa algorithm and Q-Learning algorithm can also enable the intelligent agent to try new actions and find out the optimal one.

Heteromerization of μ-opioid receptor and cholecystokinin B receptor through the third transmembrane domain of the μ-opioid receptor contributes to the anti-opioid effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide

Yin Yang,Qian Li,Qi-Hua He,Ji-Sheng Han,Li Su,You Wan 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Activation of the cholecystokinin type B receptor (CCKBR) by cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) inhibits opioid analgesia. Chronic opiate treatment leads to an increase in the CCK-8 concentration and thus enhances the antagonism of CCK-8 against opioid analgesia; the underlying molecular mechanisms remain of great interest. In the present study, we validated the colocalization of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and CCKBR in pain signal transmissionrelated spinal cord dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and fluorescence lifetime-imaging-microscopy-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) assays showed that MOR heteromerized with CCKBR directly in transfected HEK293 cells. Combined with MOR mutant construction, the third transmembrane domain of MOR (TM3MOR) was demonstrated to participate in heteromerization with CCKBR. Receptor ligand binding, ERK phosphorylation and cAMP assays showed that MOR heteromerization with CCKBR weakened the activity of MOR. A cell-penetrating interfering peptide consisting of TM3MOR and TAT (a transactivator of HIV-1) sequences from the N terminal to the C terminal disrupted the MOR–CCKBR interaction and restored the activity of MOR in transfected HEK293 cells. Furthermore, intrathecal application of the TM3MOR-TAT peptide alleviated CCK-8-injection-induced antagonism to morphine analgesia in rats. These results suggest a new molecular mechanism for CCK-8 antagonism to opioid analgesia in terms of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) interaction through direct heteromerization. Our study may provide a potential strategy for pain management with opioid analgesics.

Beam-target configurations and robustness performance of the tungsten granular flow spallation target for an Accelerator-Driven Sub-critical system

Cai Han-Jie,Jia Huan,Qi Xin,Lin Ping,Zhang Sheng,Tian Yuan,Qin Yuanshuai,Zhang Xunchao,Yang Lei,He Yuan 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.7

The dense granular flow spallation target is a new target concept proposed for an Accelerator-Driven Sub-critical (ADS) system. In this paper, the beam-target configurations of a tungsten granular flow target for the ADS with a thermal power of 1 GW is explored. The beam profile options using different scanning methods are discussed. The critical geometry parameters are adjusted to investigate the performance of the granular target from the aspects of neutron efficiency, stability and temperature distribution in target medium. To figure out how the target under accident conditions would behave, different clogging conditions are induced in the simulation. The dynamic processes are analyzed and some important parameters such as abnormal temperature rise and beam cutoff time window are obtained. The response of the sub-critical reactor to a clogging accident is also investigated. It is indicated that the monitoring of the granular flow by the neutron detectors in the sub-critical core will be effective

Factors that Influence the Presciption of Antipsychotics for Patients with Schizophrenia in China

Tian-Mei Si,Liang Shu,Ke-Qing Li,Xie-He Liu,Qi-Yi Mei,Gao-Hua Wang,Pei-Shen Bai,Li-Ping Ji,Xian-Sheng Chen,Cui Ma,Jian-Guo Shi,Hong-Yan Zhang,Hong Ma,Xin Yu 대한정신약물학회 2011 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.9 No.3

Objective: To investigate the patterns of antipsychotic use in China and to analyze the factors that influence antipsychotic prescriptions. Methods: A standardized survey was conducted from May 20 to 24 2002 in five different regions of China with varying economic levels. The patterns of antipsychotic medication use were analyzed in a sample of 4,779 patients with schizophrenia. The survey gathered information on demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and antipsychotic medications prescribed. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze factors related to patterns of antipsychotic medication use. Results: A plurality of patients with schizophrenia was treated with clozapine (39%); this was followed by risperidone, sulpride,chlorpromazine, perphenazine, and haloperidol. More than 56.3% of patients were treated with only one atypical antipsychotic. The mean daily dose of chlorpromazine was 365±253 mg (mean±standard deviation), and 6.5% of patients were treated with depot injections of typical antipsychotic medications. A total of 73.7% (n=3,523) of patients with schizophrenia received monotherapy,24.8% (n=1,183) received two antipsychotics, 1.1% (n=52) received three antipsychotics, and one received four different antipsychotics. Patients often simultaneously received other classes of medications including anticholinergic agents, benzodiazepines,β-blockers, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Economic status and clinical symptoms were the main factors that contributed to the patterns of antipsychotic prescription. Conclusion: The present study suggests that atypical antipsychotic medications, especially clozapine, are the primary psychiatric treatments of choice in the management of schizophrenia in China. Moreover, the economic status and clinical profile of the patient are the major factors affecting the prescription of antipsychotic medication.