Senescence as A Consequence of Ginsenoside Rg₁ Response on K562 Human Leukemia Cell Line

Liu, Jun,Cai, Shi-Zhong,Zhou, Yue,Zhang, Xian-Ping,Liu, Dian-Feng,Jiang, Rong,Wang, Ya-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Aims and Background: Traditional chemotherapy strategies for human leukemia commonly use drugs based on cytotoxicity to eradicate cancer cells. One predicament is that substantial damage to normal tissues is likely to occur in the course of standard treatments. Obviously, it is urgent to explore therapies that can effectively eliminate malignant cells without affecting normal cells. Our previous studies indicated that ginsenoside $Rg_1$ ($Rg_1$), a major active pharmacological ingredient of ginseng, could delay normal hematopoietic stem cell senescence. However, whether $Rg_1$ can induce cancer cell senescence is still unclear. Methods: In the current study, human leukemia K562 cells were subjected to $Rg_1$ exposure. The optimal drug concentration and duration with K562 cells was obtained by MTT colorimetric test. Effects of $Rg_1$ on cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry and by SA-${\beta}$-Gal staining. Colony-forming ability was measured by colony-assay. Telomere lengths were assessed by Southern blotting and expression of senescence-associated proteins P21, P16 and RB by Western blotting. Ultrastructural morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: K562 cells demonstrated a maximum proliferation inhibition rate with an $Rg_1$ concentration of $20{\mu}\;mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 48h, the cells exhibiting dramatic morphological alterations including an enlarged and flat cellular morphology, larger mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes. Senescence associated-${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-Gal) activity was increased. K562 cells also had decreased ability for colony formation, and shortened telomere length as well as reduction of proliferating potential and arrestin $G_2$/M phase after $Rg_1$ interaction. The senescence associated proteins P21, P16 and RB were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: Ginsenoside $Rg_1$ can induce a state of senescence in human leukemia K562 cells, which is associated with p21-Rb and p16-Rb pathways.

Part two: Library Research : Effects of Endocrine Hormone and Immune System after Exposure to Mixed Cypermethrin and Methylparathion

( Ping Liu ),( Wei Hua Wen ),( Wei Hong Yuan ),( Xiao Xiao Song ),( Xi Nan Wu ) 한국환경보건학회(구-한국환경위생학회) 2004 Current Challenges and Advances in Environmental H Vol.- No.-

Redescription of Cheiracanthium rupicola (Thorell, 1897) (Araneae, Cheiracanthiidae) with the first description of the male from Yunnan, China

Ping Liu,Muhammad Irfan,Xian-Jin Peng 국립중앙과학관 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.12 No.2

The female of Cheiracanthium rupicola (Thorell, 1897) is redescribed based on newly collected materials, and the male is described here for the first time from Yunnan. Detailed morphological descriptions of the male and female, photos of the body and copulatory organs, and the locality map are provided.

지역 페르소나의 문화요소 모형화에 관한 연구

Liu, Ping,반영환 한국인더스트리얼디자인학회 2012 산업디자인학연구 Vol.6 No.4

Understanding of users is an essential step for the user-centered design. For the user research the massive amount of raw data is not inherently useful, so we analyzed and developed modeling for the user data. Building persona is useful that makes it possible to have a concrete expression for target users. Personas usually have demographic information, attitude and behaviors for skills, and mental models and goals. In this study, we proposed the persona based on culture region rather than the persona of human centered. Also to achieve this, we presented modeling methods. We used Geert Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions and categorized in 5 levels for each dimension. We defined the persona based in location, not in the person itself. Culture model is the key element in location persona. For the case study, we surveyed 20 Chinese people and developed three personas of areas for China. 사용자를 이해하는 것은 사용자 중심 디자인에서 필수적인 요소이다. 사용자 조사의 방대한 자료 자체를 활용하기 보다는 이를 분석하여 모델링 한 것을 활용하는 경우가 많고, 페르소나가 대표적인 경우이다. 페르소나에서는 인적사항, 태도 및 행위, 생각하는 것 및 목표 등이 기술이 된다. 점차 문화적인 이해가 중요하고, 페르소나에서도 문화적 표현에 대한 요구가 많아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사람 중심의 페르소나가 아니라, 지역 중심의 페르소나를 제안하고, 이를 위한 문화에 대한 모형화 방법을 제시하였다. 호스테드의 5가지 문화모형을 활용하였고, 활용성을 높이기 위해 각각에 대해 5가지 레벨로 단순화 시켜 정의하였다. 이를 활용하여 지역 페르소나를 구축하는 방법을 제시하였고, 중국의 북방지역, 서부지역, 남방지역에 대해 20명의 조사를 통해 문화모형을 구축하여 중국의 문화모형과 비교하였다. 또한 이를 활용하여 지역 페르소나를 만들었다.

‘전(前)’의 이동 의미 소실에 관한 고찰

( Liu Xiu-ping ) 중국어문연구회 2016 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.76

This paper aims to demonstrate the semantic, functional change of Qian and figure out the cause which affects the loss of dynamic motion among Qian. In this paper, we investigate a large sum of diachronic and synchronic Chinese texts based on Chinese corpus. Evidences are given to show that Archaic Chinese Qian has been a motion verb involved < motion > and < path > in the motion event which was proposed by Talmy, L.(2000a, 200b). However Qian has lost its function of motion gradually and only the function of static location survived in Mandarin Chinese. In order to account for the historical change of Qian, this paper gives a brief review of the distribution and usage about Qian in different Chinese historical stages and classifies the sentences in which Qian occurs into four types: ‘Bare Verb-Qian’, ‘Qian+Common Verb’, ‘Qian+Motion Verb’ and ‘Qian+Common Noun’. In conclusion, we figure out that there are several factors which may result in the loss of the motion about Qian. First, asymmetry between Archaic Qian and Hou. Second, reanalysis of the ‘Qian+Verb’ structure. Third, the change of Chinese conceptualization pattern etc. The emergence and development of 處置式(e.g. BA construction) and 使成式(e.g. SHI construction) in Ancient Chinese has also be a part which may affects the loss of the motion about Qian.

Variable Threshold Valued Tolerance Relation in Incomplete Information System

Liu ping,Xiong xiaoxiao,Yang Junping 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.7

Aiming at the incomplete information systems on the condition of no prior domain knowledge, several known model extension based on the rough set theory are introduced at first, such as the tolerance relation, non-symmetric similarity relation, limited tolerance relation and valued tolerance relation. Then the merits and drawbacks of several existing valued tolerance relations are compared in this article. Next, the experiments on some UCI data sets have been done ,based on the experimental result, the author discuss the relationship between the threshold selection and classification accuracy of statistical valued tolerance relation(SVT) . Directing at the difficulty of selecting a suitable threshold, the author presents a new improved valued tolerance relation (NVT) which can choose proper threshold automatically on the basis of each data set’s feature. Experiment results indicate that the new relation can get better classification accuracy than the other extension models in dealing with the incomplete system which has small incomplete degree

ATP6V0d2 Suppresses Alveoli Macrophage Alternative Polarization and Allergic Asthma via Degradation of PU.1

Liu Na,Feng Yuchen,Liu Huicheng,Wu Wenliang,Liang Yuxia,Li Pingfei,Wei Zhengping,Wu Min,Tang Zhao-Hui,Han Junyan,Cheng Xiang,Liu Zheng,Laurence Arian,Li Huabin,Zhen Guohua,Yang Xiang-Ping 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.3

Purpose Macrophages are important regulators of environmental allergen-induced airway inflammation and asthma. ATP6V0d2 is a subunit of vacuolar ATPase highly expressed in macrophages. However, the functions of ATP6V0d2 in the regulation of pathogenesis of allergic asthma remain unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the function and related molecular mechanisms of macrophage protein ATP6V0d2 in allergic asthma. Methods We compared the disease severity between female C57BL/6 wild-type and ATP6V0d2−/− mice in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. We also investigated the association of expression of ATP6V0d2, PU.1 and CCL17 with disease severity among asthmatic patients. Results The expression of ATP6V0d2 in sputum cells of asthmatic patients and in the lungs of OVA-challenged mice was enhanced compared to healthy subjects and their counterparts, respectively. However, ATP6V0d2-deficient mice exaggerated inflammatory cell infiltration as well as enhanced alternative activated macrophage (AAM) polarization and mucus production in an OVA-induced asthma model. Furthermore, we found that Atp6v0d2 promoted lysosomal degradation of Pu.1, which induced AAM polarization and Ccl17 production. Among asthma patients, ATP6V0d2 expression was inversely associated with disease severity, whereas PU.1 and CCL17 expression was positively associated with disease severity. Conclusions Our results identify macrophage Atp6v0d2, as an induced feedback inhibitor of asthma disease severity by promoting Pu.1 lysosomal degradation, which may in turn leads to reduced AAM polarization and Ccl17 production.

Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silages Treated with Additives

Ping-Du Liu,Zhu Yu,Tao Shao,Kun Wang 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.08

Effects of surface materials of self-draining beds on cattle behavior in a temperate climate

Liu Ping,Guo Lulu,Zhang Fulan,Li Lin,Mao Huaming,Gu Zhaobing 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.11

Objective: The objective of the present experiment was to construct self-draining beds to keep surface bedding materials clean and dry for beef cattle comfort in a temperate climate. Methods: In Experiment 1, a self-draining bed was covered with sand at depths of 10 cm (S-10a), 15 cm (S-15), and 20 cm (S-20) respectively. In Experiment 2, self-draining beds of different sizes were covered with 10 cm of sand (S-10b) and wood shavings (WS) at depths of 15 cm and 20 cm (WS-15 and WS-20). Fifteen cattle were engaged to evaluate the comfort of self-draining beds covered with different bedding materials. Results: No cattle lay in the feed alley and cattle spent more time lying on S-10a than S-15 or S-20 in Experiment 1 (p<0.01). No difference in lying time was detected between S-15 and S-20 (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, no cattle selected the feed alley as the lying area. Cattle preferred WS-15 as the lying area and time spent lying on WS-20 was slightly higher than on S-10b (p<0.05). Feces weight was higher in the feed alley than in the different bedding areas in both Experiments 1 and 2 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Sand-bedding depth at 10 cm and WSs at 15 cm above the self-draining bed can provide for the lying comfort of beef cattle. Design of a special feed alley to hold most of the feces to keep bedding materials clean and dry is desirable for organic beef cattle in a loose barn.

Crude protein from spirulina increases the viability of CCD-986sk cells via the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway

Liu, Ping,Lee, Min-Kyeong,Choi, Jeong-Wook,Choi, Youn-Hee,Nam, Taek-Jeong UNKNOWN 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.43 No.2

<P>Spirulina, an edible blue-green alga, has great potential for various applications in human health, possibly including reduced skin aging. The mechanisms by which spirulina crude protein (SPCP) may influence human skin fibroblast viability are not yet understood; therefore, a human dermal fibroblast cell line (CCD-986sk) was used as a cell model system to study the influence of SPCP on human skin fibroblast viability. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that collagen formation improved in SPCP-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner, while elastase activity was decreased. In addition, western blot analysis showed a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of the aging-associated gene matrix metalloproteinase-8, a collagen-degradative enzyme. It was also shown that SPCP upregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity, leading to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Together, these results demonstrated that SPCP increases human fibroblast viability by activation of the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. This contribution sheds light on the molecular mechanism for SPCP increasing the viability of human skin cell and provides a potential efficient cosmeceutical for protecting human skin.</P>