Graphene transistor based on tunable Dirac fermion optics

Wang, Ke,Elahi, Mirza M.,Wang, Lei,Habib, K. M. Masum,Taniguchi, Takashi,Watanabe, Kenji,Hone, James,Ghosh, Avik W.,Lee, Gil-Ho,Kim, Philip National Academy of Sciences 2019 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.116 No.14

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>We report an electrically tunable graphene quantum switch based on Dirac fermion optics (DFO), with electrostatically defined analogies of mirror and collimators utilizing angle-dependent Klein tunneling. The device design allows a previously unreported quantitative characterization of the net DFO contribution and leads to improved device performance resilient to abrupt change in temperature, bias, doping, and electrostatic environment. The electrically tunable collimator and reflector demonstrated in this work, and the capability of accurate in situ characterization of their performance, provide the building blocks toward more complicated functional quantum device architecture such as highly integrated electron-optical circuits.</P><P>We present a quantum switch based on analogous Dirac fermion optics (DFO), in which the angle dependence of Klein tunneling is explicitly utilized to build tunable collimators and reflectors for the quantum wave function of Dirac fermions. We employ a dual-source design with a single flat reflector, which minimizes diffusive edge scattering and suppresses the background incoherent transmission. Our gate-tunable collimator–reflector device design enables the quantitative measurement of the net DFO contribution in the switching device operation. We obtain a full set of transmission coefficients between multiple leads of the device, separating the classical contribution from the coherent transport contribution. The DFO behavior demonstrated in this work requires no explicit energy gap. We demonstrate its robustness against thermal fluctuations up to 230 K and large bias current density up to 10<SUP>2</SUP> A/m, over a wide range of carrier densities. The characterizable and tunable optical components (collimator–reflector) coupled with the conjugated source electrodes developed in this work provide essential building blocks toward more advanced DFO circuits such as quantum interferometers. The capability of building optical circuit analogies at a microscopic scale with highly tunable electron wavelength paves a path toward highly integrated and electrically tunable electron-optical components and circuits.</P>

Understanding Cleveland as a Sport Destination: An Empirical Study of Brand Personality Theory

( Jiayi Wang ),( Brian H. Yim ),( Philip Wang ) 아시아스포츠융합과학회 2020 Asia Pacific Journal of Applied Sport Sciences Vol.1 No.2

PURPOSE In this globalizing world, sporting events play an important role in improving the attractiveness and competitiveness of a city. Cleveland’s continuously increasing sports offering is making the city an appealing travel destination to wider groups of tourists. Brand personality theory provides the theoretical support for the present study. The purpose of the study is to test the brand personality framework in the context of sports tourism, explore the brand personality of Cleveland as a sports destination, and apply the theory into destination marketing. METHOD A mixed method of focus group interview (N=16) and survey (N=96, data were collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk) were conducted. Ten brand personality traits of sports destination Cleveland were generated from the focus group. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between interest in Cleveland attractions and intention to visit Cleveland regarding the attractiveness of Cleveland’s sporting events (H1), the attractiveness of Cleveland sporting events (Questionnaire Section B) and intention to visit Cleveland (H2), and Cleveland destination personality and intention to visit Cleveland (H3). RESULT leveland’s brand personality traits were identified such as athletic, passionate, exciting, friendly, and hardworking. The results of the multiple linear regression showed that there is relationship between attraction and visit intention to Cleveland. As found in previous studies, sporting events enhance tourism industry’s performance. CONCLUSION This paper examined a city’s brand personality as a sport destination and found how they can predict sport tourists’ perception of the city and their intention to visit.

Monte Carlo analysis of the effect of uncertainties on model-based HVAC fault detection and diagnostics

Wang, Liping,Haves, Philip Taylor Francis 2014 HVAC&R research Vol.20 No.6

Automated bone segmentation from dental CBCT images using patch-based sparse representation and convex optimization : Segmentation of CBCT image

Wang, Li,Chen, Ken Chung,Gao, Yaozong,Shi, Feng,Liao, Shu,Li, Gang,Shen, Steve G. F.,Yan, Jin,Lee, Philip K. M.,Chow, Ben,Liu, Nancy X.,Xia, James J.,Shen, Dinggang Published for the American Association of Physicis 2014 Medical physics Vol.41 No.4

<P>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an increasingly utilized imaging modality for the diagnosis and treatment planning of the patients with craniomaxillofacial (CMF) deformities. Accurate segmentation of CBCT image is an essential step to generate three-dimensional (3D) models for the diagnosis and treatment planning of the patients with CMF deformities. However, due to the poor image quality, including very low signal-to-noise ratio and the widespread image artifacts such as noise, beam hardening, and inhomogeneity, it is challenging to segment the CBCT images. In this paper, the authors present a new automatic segmentation method to address these problems.</P>

A Defect Free Bistable C1 SSFLC Devices

Wang, Chenhui,Bos, Philip J. The Korean Infomation Display Society 2003 Journal of information display Vol.4 No.1

Recent progress in both low pretilt and high pretilt defect free C1 surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) devices is reviewed. First, by numerical calculation to investigate the balance between surface azimuthal anchoring energy and bulk elastic energy within the confined chevron layer geometry of C1 and C2, it is possible to achieve a zigzag free C1 state by low azimuthal anchoring alignment with a low pretilt angle. The critical azimuthal anchoring coefficient for defect free C1 state is calculated. Its relationship with elastic constant, chevron angle as well as surface topography effect are also discussed. Second, using $5^{\circ}$ oblique SiO deposition alignment method a defect free, large memory angle, high contrast ratio and bistable C1 SSFLC display, which has potential for electronic paper applications has also been developed. The electrooptical properties and bistability of this device have been investigated. Various aspects of defect control are also discussed.

Estimating patient-specific and anatomically correct reference model for craniomaxillofacial deformity via sparse representation.

Wang, Li,Ren, Yi,Gao, Yaozong,Tang, Zhen,Chen, Ken-Chung,Li, Jianfu,Shen, Steve G F,Yan, Jin,Lee, Philip K M,Chow, Ben,Xia, James J,Shen, Dinggang Published for the American Association of Physicis 2015 Medical physics Vol.42 No.10

<P>A significant number of patients suffer from craniomaxillofacial (CMF) deformity and require CMF surgery in the United States. The success of CMF surgery depends on not only the surgical techniques but also an accurate surgical planning. However, surgical planning for CMF surgery is challenging due to the absence of a patient-specific reference model. Currently, the outcome of the surgery is often subjective and highly dependent on surgeon's experience. In this paper, the authors present an automatic method to estimate an anatomically correct reference shape of jaws for orthognathic surgery, a common type of CMF surgery.</P>

Accelerated increase in the Arctic tropospheric warming events surpassing stratospheric warming events during winter : Accelerated Increase in Arctic Warming

Wang, S.-Y. Simon,Lin, Yen-Heng,Lee, Ming-Ying,Yoon, Jin-Ho,Meyer, Jonathan D. D.,Rasch, Philip J. American Geophysical Union 2017 Geophysical research letters Vol.44 No.8

<P>Plain Language Summary Rapid Arctic warming events disrupt mid-latitude weather patterns and oftentimes produce extreme deviations from normal weather conditions. The atmospheric origins of these Arctic warming events have been identified as developing in the troposphere and the stratosphere. Using historical observations, we have found that the frequency of tropospheric warming events has increased through the recent decades, while the stratospheric events have not. We have also found that tropospheric events develop twice as fast as stratospheric events and are therefore less predictable. With observations of historically-low Arctic sea ice extent occurring alongside the increase of tropospheric warming events, computer simulations provided evidence that the two phenomena are likely linked. Along with observational evidence for enhanced transport of tropical energy helping fuel these Arctic tropospheric warming events, these results suggest that future mid-latitude weather is likely to undergo an increase to extreme, unseasonal weather patterns that are inherently less predictable.</P>

Two Korean Women Confucian Philosophers: Im Yunjidang and Gang Jeongildang

( Philip J. Ivanhoe ),( Hwa Yeong Wang ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2021 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.- No.36

This essay introduces two Korean women Confucian philosophers: Im Yunjidang and Gang Jeongildang who lived in the latter period of the Joseon dynasty. Im Yunjidang was the first Confucian woman to explicitly claim women possessed an equal capacity to become sages as men. Gang Jeongildang made it clear that she was inspired by and sought to develop the thought of Im and added her own unique insights and new perspectives. Though they and their writings differ in many ways, these two women philosophers created a lineage of female sages, marking a turning point in the history of Confucian philosophy. This paper aims to provide the historical background that shaped their thought and to introduce some of their writings in the hope of inspiring readers to study further the lives and philosophies of these two remarkable women and to take up and extend the insights they have left behind.

Analysis of Cellular Tyrosine Phosphorylation via Chemical Rescue of Conditionally Active Abl Kinase

Wang, Zhihong,Kim, Min-Sik,Martinez-Ferrando, Isabel,Koleske, Anthony J.,Pandey, Akhilesh,Cole, Philip A. American Chemical Society 2018 Biochemistry Vol.57 No.8

<P>Identifying direct substrates targeted by protein kinases is important in understanding cellular physiology and intracellular signal transduction. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics provides a powerful tool for comprehensively characterizing the downstream substrates of protein kinases. This approach is efficiently applied to receptor kinases that can be precisely, directly, and rapidly activated by some agent, such as a growth factor. However, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Abl lacks the experimental advantage of extracellular growth factors as immediate and direct stimuli. To circumvent this limitation, we combine a chemical rescue approach with quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify targets of Abl and their phosphorylation sites with enhanced temporal resolution. Both known and novel putative substrates are identified, presenting opportunities for studying unanticipated functions of Abl under physiological and pathological conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bichaw/2018/bichaw.2018.57.issue-8/acs.biochem.7b01158/production/images/medium/bi-2017-01158c_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bi7b01158'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Duplex-Specific Nuclease-Amplified Detection of MicroRNA Using Compact Quantum Dot-DNA Conjugates

Wang, Ye,Howes, Philip D.,Kim, Eunjung,Spicer, Christopher D.,Thomas, Michael R.,Lin, Yiyang,Crowder, Spencer W.,Pence, Isaac J.,Stevens, Molly M. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.34

<P>Advances in nanotechnology have provided new opportunities for the design of next-generation nucleic acid biosensors and diagnostics. Indeed, combining advances in functional nanoparticles, DNA nanotechnology, and nuclease-enzyme-based amplification can give rise to new assays with advantageous properties. In this work, we developed a microRNA (miRNA) assay using bright fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), simple DNA probes, and the enzyme duplex-specific nuclease. We employed an isothermal target-recycling mechanism, where a single miRNA target triggers the cleavage of many DNA signal probes. The incorporation of DNA-functionalized QDs enabled a quantitative fluorescent readout, mediated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based interaction with the DNA signal probes. Our approach splits the reaction in two, performing the enzyme-mediated amplification and QD-based detection steps separately such that each reaction could be optimized for performance of the active components. Target recycling gave ca. 3 orders of magnitude amplification, yielding highly sensitive detection with a limit of 42 fM (or 1.2 amol) of miR-148, with excellent selectivity versus mismatched sequences and other miRNAs. Furthermore, we used an alternative target (miR-21) and FRET pair for direct and absolute quantification of miR-21 in RNA extracts from human cancer and normal cell lines.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>