Evaluating the effects of finishing diet and feeding location on sheep performance, carcass characteristics, and internal parasites

( Devon L Ragen ),( Molly R Butler ),( Jane A Boles ),( William A Layton ),( Thomas M Craig ),( Patrick G Hatfield ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.3

A 3 yr experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of diet and feeding location on animal performance, carcass characteristics, whole blood counts, and internal parasite burden of lambs assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) confinement fed 71% alfalfa, 18% barley pellet, 5% molasses, 0.013% Bovatec, 6.1% vitamin/mineral package diet (CALF), 2) confinement fed 60% barley, 26% alfalfa pellet, 4% molasses, 2.5% soybean-hi pro, 0.016% Bovatec, 7.4% vitamin/mineral package diet (CBAR), 3) field fed 71% alfalfa, 18% barley pellet, 5% molasses, 0.013% Bovatec, 6.1% vitamin/mineral package diet (FALF), and 4) field fed 60% barley, 26% alfalfa pellet, 4% molasses, 2.5% soybean-hi pro, 0.016% Bovatec, 7.4% vitamin/mineral package diet (FBAR). A year × location interaction was detected for ending body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI); therefore results are presented by year. In all years, cost of gain and DMI were greater for CALF and FALF than for CBAR and FBAR feed treatments (p ≤ 0.03). In yr 2 and 3 field treatments had greater ending BW and ADG than confinement treatments. For all years, diet did not affect ending BW or ADG. In yr 1 dressing percent and rib eye area were greater for field finished lambs than confinement finished (p ≤ 0.02) and Warner-Bratzler shear force was greater for CALF and FALF (p = 0.03). In yr 2 lambs in FALF and FBAR treatments had greater leg scores and conformation than CALF and CBAR (p = 0.09). In yr 1, FALF had a greater small intestine total worm count than all other treatments. In yr 1, ending Trichostrongyle type egg counts were greater for FALF (p = 0.05). In yr 2, ending Nematodirus spp. egg counts were greater for FALF and lowest for CBAR (p < 0.01). Abomasum Teladorsagia circumcinta worm burden was greater in CALF than all other treatments (p = 0.07) in yr 2. While field finishing lambs with a grain- or forage-based diet we conclude that it is possible to produce a quality lamb product without adverse effects to animal performance, carcass quality or increasing parasite burdens.

Incidental Statin Use and the Risk of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack after Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer

Daniel Addison,Patrick R. Lawler,Hamed Emami,Sumbal A. Janjua,,Pedro V. Staziaki,Travis R. Hallett,Orla Hennessy,Hang Lee,Bálint Szilveszter,Michael Lu,Negar Mousavi,Matthew G. Nayor,Francesca N. Dell 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.1

Background and Purpose Interventions to reduce the risk for cerebrovascular events (CVE; stroke and transient ischemic attack [TIA]) after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNCA) are needed. Among broad populations, statins reduce CVEs; however, whether statins reduce CVEs after RT for HNCA is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to test whether incidental statin use at the time of RT is associated with a lower rate of CVEs after RT for HNCA. Methods From an institutional database we identified all consecutive subjects treated with neck RT from 2002 to 2012 for HNCA. Data collection and event adjudication was performed by blinded teams. The primary outcome was a composite of ischemic stroke and TIA. The secondary outcome was ischemic stroke. The association between statin use and events was determined using Cox proportional hazard models after adjustment for traditional and RT-specific risk factors. Results The final cohort consisted of 1,011 patients (59±13 years, 30% female, 44% hypertension) with 288 (28%) on statins. Over a median follow-up of 3.4 years (interquartile range, 0.1 to 14) there were 102 CVEs (89 ischemic strokes and 13 TIAs) with 17 in statin users versus 85 in nonstatins users. In a multivariable model containing known predictors of CVE, statins were associated with a reduction in the combination of stroke and TIA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 0.8; P=0.01) and ischemic stroke alone (HR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.8; P=0.01). Conclusions Incidental statin use at the time of RT for HNCA is associated with a lower risk of stroke or TIA.

Characterizing treatment pathways at scale using the OHDSI network

Hripcsak, George,Ryan, Patrick B.,Duke, Jon D.,Shah, Nigam H.,Park, Rae Woong,Huser, Vojtech,Suchard, Marc A.,Schuemie, Martijn J.,DeFalco, Frank J.,Perotte, Adler,Banda, Juan M.,Reich, Christian G.,S National Academy of Sciences 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.113 No.27

<P>Observational research promises to complement experimental research by providing large, diverse populations that would be infeasible for an experiment. Observational research can test its own clinical hypotheses, and observational studies also can contribute to the design of experiments and inform the generalizability of experimental research. Understanding the diversity of populations and the variance in care is one component. In this study, the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) collaboration created an international data network with 11 data sources from four countries, including electronic health records and administrative claims data on 250 million patients. All data were mapped to common data standards, patient privacy was maintained by using a distributed model, and results were aggregated centrally. Treatment pathways were elucidated for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and depression. The pathways revealed that the world is moving toward more consistent therapy over time across diseases and across locations, but significant heterogeneity remains among sources, pointing to challenges in generalizing clinical trial results. Diabetes favored a single first-line medication, metformin, to a much greater extent than hypertension or depression. About 10% of diabetes and depression patients and almost 25% of hypertension patients followed a treatment pathway that was unique within the cohort. Aside from factors such as sample size and underlying population (academic medical center versus general population), electronic health records data and administrative claims data revealed similar results. Large-scale international observational research is feasible.</P>

Trichloroethylene induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Fisher 344 rats

Liu, Mei,Choi, Dong-Young,Hunter, Randy L.,Pandya, Jignesh D.,Cass, Wayne A.,Sullivan, Patrick G.,Kim, Hyoung-Chun,Gash, Don M.,Bing, Guoying Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of Neurochemistry Vol.112 No.3

<P><I>J. Neurochem.</I> (2010) <B>112</B>, 773–783.</P><P>Abstract</P><P>Trichloroethylene, a chlorinated solvent widely used as a degreasing agent, is a common environmental contaminant. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic exposure to trichloroethylene may contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons could be reproduced by systemic exposure of adult Fisher 344 rats to trichloroethylene. In our experiments, oral administration of trichloroethylene induced a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the number of both cholinergic and GABAergic neurons were not decreased in the striatum. There was a robust decline in striatal levels of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid without a significant depletion of striatal dopamine. Rats treated with trichloroethylene showed defects in rotarod behavior test. We also found a significantly reduced mitochondrial complex I activity with elevated oxidative stress markers and activated microglia in the nigral area. In addition, we observed intracellular &agr;-synuclein accumulation in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, with some in nigral neurons, but little in neurons of cerebral cortex. Overall, our animal model exhibits some important features of Parkinsonism, and further supports that trichloroethylene may be an environmental risk factors for Parkinson’s disease.</P>

Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea: Sequencing a Myriad of Type Strains

Kyrpides, Nikos C.,Hugenholtz, Philip,Eisen, Jonathan A.,Woyke, Tanja,Gö,ker, Markus,Parker, Charles T.,Amann, Rudolf,Beck, Brian J.,Chain, Patrick S. G.,Chun, Jongsik,Colwell, Rita R.,Danchin, An Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS biology Vol.12 No.8

<▼1><P>This manuscript calls for an international effort to generate a comprehensive catalog from genome sequences of all the archaeal and bacterial type strains.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Microbes hold the key to life. They hold the secrets to our past (as the descendants of the earliest forms of life) and the prospects for our future (as we mine their genes for solutions to some of the planet's most pressing problems, from global warming to antibiotic resistance). However, the piecemeal approach that has defined efforts to study microbial genetic diversity for over 20 years and in over 30,000 genome projects risks squandering that promise. These efforts have covered less than 20% of the diversity of the cultured archaeal and bacterial species, which represent just 15% of the overall known prokaryotic diversity. Here we call for the funding of a systematic effort to produce a comprehensive genomic catalog of all cultured Bacteria and Archaea by sequencing, where available, the type strain of each species with a validly published name (currently∼11,000). This effort will provide an unprecedented level of coverage of our planet's genetic diversity, allow for the large-scale discovery of novel genes and functions, and lead to an improved understanding of microbial evolution and function in the environment.</P></▼2>

Selective Photomechanical Detachment and Retrieval of Divided Sister Cells from Enclosed Microfluidics for Downstream Analyses

Chen, Yu-Chih,Baac, Hyoung Won,Lee, Kyu-Tae,Fouladdel, Shamileh,Teichert, Kendall,Ok, Jong G.,Cheng, Yu-Heng,Ingram, Patrick N.,Hart, A. John,Azizi, Ebrahim,Guo, L. Jay,Wicha, Max S.,Yoon, Euisik American Chemical Society 2017 ACS NANO Vol.11 No.5

<P>Considerable evidence suggests that self-renewal and differentiation of cancer stem-like cells, a key cell population in tumorgenesis, can determine the outcome of disease. Though the development of microfluidics has enhanced the study of cellular lineage, it remains challenging to retrieve sister cells separately inside enclosed microfluidics for further analyses. In this work, we developed a photomechanical method to selectively detach and reliably retrieve target cells from enclosed microfluidic chambers. Cells cultured on carbon nanotube polydimethylsiloxane composite surfaces can be detached using shear force induced through irradiation of a nanosecond-pulsed laser. This retrieval process has been verified to preserve cell viability, membrane proteins, and mRNA expression levels. Using the presented method, we have successfully performed 96-plex single-cell transcriptome analysis on sister cells in order to identify the genes altered during self-renewal and differentiation, demonstrating phenomenal resolution in the study of cellular lineage.</P>

Titelbild: Elemental Sulfur as a Reactive Medium for Gold Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Materials (Angew. Chem. 48/2011)

Chung, Woo Jin,Simmonds, Adam G.,Griebel, Jared J.,Kim, Eui Tae,Suh, Hyo Seon,Shim, In‐,Bo,Glass, Richard S.,Loy, Douglas A.,Theato, Patrick,Sung, Yung‐,Eun,Char, Kookheon,Pyun, Jeffrey WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Angewandte Chemie Vol.123 No.48

<P><B><I>Der Einsatz von elementarem Schwefel</I></B> als Reaktionsmedium für die Herstellung von Goldnanopartikeln und vulkanisierten Nanokompositen wird in der Zuschrift von J. Pyun et al. auf Seite 11 611 ff. beschrieben. Flüssiger Schwefel dient in diesem System als Lösungsmittel, Reduktionsmittel und Stabilisator für die Herstellung von Goldkolloiden. Potenziell nutzbarer elementarer Schwefel fällt in riesigen Mengen beim Raffinieren von Erdöl an.</P>

Elemental Sulfur as a Reactive Medium for Gold Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Materials

Chung, Woo Jin,Simmonds, Adam G.,Griebel, Jared J.,Kim, Eui Tae,Suh, Hyo Seon,Shim, In‐,Bo,Glass, Richard S.,Loy, Douglas A.,Theato, Patrick,Sung, Yung‐,Eun,Char, Kookheon,Pyun, Jeffrey WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Angewandte Chemie Vol.123 No.48

<P><B>Schwefelgelb:</B> Elementarer Schwefel wird als unkonventionelles Medium für die Synthese und Stabilisierung von kolloidalem Gold genutzt. In diesem System erfüllt Schwefel viele Funktionen, wie die Sulfurierung von PPh<SUB>3</SUB> und die Solubilisierung und Reduktion von Au<SUP>I</SUP>‐Vorstufen zu Au‐Nanopartikeln (NPs; siehe Bild). Die Vulkanisation von Au‐haltigen Schwefeldispersionen erfordert vernetzte Nanokomposite, die mit TEM, XRD, XPS und Raman‐Spektroskopie nachgewiesen wurden.</P>

The cages, dynamics, and structuring of incipient methane clathrate hydrates

Walsh, Matthew R.,Rainey, J. Daniel,Lafond, Patrick G.,Park, Da-Hye,Beckham, Gregg T.,Jones, Michael D.,Lee, Kun-Hong,Koh, Carolyn A.,Sloan, E. Dendy,Wu, David T.,Sum, Amadeu K. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.13 No.44

<P>Interest in describing clathrate hydrate formation mechanisms spans multiple fields of science and technical applications. Here, we report findings from multiple molecular dynamics simulations of spontaneous methane clathrate hydrate nucleation and growth from fully demixed and disordered two-phase fluid systems of methane and water. Across a range of thermodynamic conditions and simulation geometries and sizes, a set of seven cage types comprises approximately 95% of all cages formed in the nucleated solids. This set includes the ubiquitous 5<SUP>12</SUP> cage, the 5<SUP>12</SUP>6<SUP><I>n</I></SUP> subset (where <I>n</I> ranges from 2–4), and the 4<SUP>1</SUP>5<SUP>10</SUP>6<SUP><I>n</I></SUP> subset (where <I>n</I> also ranges from 2–4). Transformations among these cages occur <I>via</I> water pair insertions/removals and rotations, and may elucidate the mechanisms of solid–solid structural rearrangements observed experimentally. Some consistency is observed in the relative abundance of cages among all nucleation trajectories. 5<SUP>12</SUP> cages are always among the two most abundant cage types in the nucleated solids and are usually the most abundant cage type. In all simulations, the 5<SUP>12</SUP>6<SUP><I>n</I></SUP> cages outnumber their 4<SUP>1</SUP>5<SUP>10</SUP>6<SUP><I>n</I></SUP> counterparts with the same number of water molecules. Within these consistent features, some stochasticity is observed in certain cage ratios and in the long-range ordering of the nucleated solids. Even when comparing simulations performed at the same conditions, some trajectories yield swaths of multiple adjacent sI unit cells and long-range order over 5 nm, while others yield only isolated sI unit cells and little long-range order. The nucleated solids containing long-range order have higher 5<SUP>12</SUP>6<SUP>2</SUP>/5<SUP>12</SUP> and 5<SUP>12</SUP>6<SUP>3</SUP>/4<SUP>1</SUP>5<SUP>10</SUP>6<SUP>2</SUP> cage ratios when compared to systems that nucleate with little long-range order. The formation of multiple adjacent unit cells of sI hydrate at high driving forces suggests an alternative or addition to the prevailing hydrate nucleation hypotheses which involve formation through amorphous intermediates.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The dominant cages of clathrates are classified and the formation of multiple sI unit cells is reported from large-scale simulations. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1cp21899a'> </P>

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Scoparia dulcis L.

Ahmed Y. Coulibaly,Martin Kiendrebeogo,Patrick G. Kehoe,Pierre A.E.D. Sombie,Charles E. Lamien,Jeanne F. Millogo,Odile G. Nacoulma 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.12

Different extracts were obtained from Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae) by successive extraction with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. These extracts exhibited significant antioxidant capacity in various antioxidant models mediated (xantine oxidase and lipoxygenase) or not mediated (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, ferric-reducing antioxidant power,β-carotene bleaching, lipid peroxidation) by enzymes. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was related to their phytochemical composition in terms of polyphenol and carotenoid contents. The chloroform extract was richest in phytochemicals and had the highest antioxidant activity in the different antioxidant systems. All the extracts exhibited less than 50% inhibition on xanthine oxidase but more than 50% inhibition on lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase. The extracts strongly inhibited lipid peroxidation mediated by lipoxygenase.