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        천연기념물 진주 충무공동 익룡·새·공룡발자국 화석산지의 오염물 형성 메커니즘과 관리방안

        최명주(Myoungju Choie),원상호(Sangho Won),이태종(Tea Jong Lee),이성주(Seong-Joo Lee),공달용(Dal-Yong Kong),이명성(Myeong Seong Lee) 대한자원환경지질학회 2023 자원환경지질 Vol.56 No.6

        익룡 발자국의 개체 및 밀집도 측면에서 세계 최대 규모로 알려진 진주 충무공동 익룡·새·공룡발자국 화석산지는 2011년 천연기념물로 지정된 이래, 2018년 일부 화석층을 현장 보존하기 위해 보호각을 설치하였다. 이 중 제2보호각에 관리중인 화석층은 기 보고된 발자국 중 약 17%에 달하는 익룡·수각류·조각류 발자국(총 679개)이 단일 층준에서 발견되어 학술적 가치가 크지만 물리적, 화학적 손상이 지속적으로 발생하여 발자국의 관찰에 어려움이 있다. 특히 화석층 표면을 피복하는 유백색 오염물은 석고와 대기오염물로 구성된 복합체의 누적현상에서 기인한다. 오염물을 구성하는 석고는 화석층 하부층준에서 기원한 칼슘과 잔디의 생육활동으로 공급되는 황이 보호각 후방의 잔디가 식재된 토양층에서 집수된 지하수에 의해 용출되고, 보호각의 일대의 수분 순환 과정에서 화석층 표면에 증발잔류하며 결정화된다. 또 다른 오염물 구성체인 화분·광물 등은 분진 배출이 어려운 보호각 갤러리창을 통해 풍성으로 유입된다. 따라서 상이한 기원을 가진 두 오염물로부터 화석층을 보존하기 위해서는 보호각의 수분 및 대기 순환 제어와 지속적인 오염물 제거가 필요하다. 분진상의 석고와 대기 오염물은 스팀 세정법으로 충분한 제거 효과가 있으며, 암회색 셰일인 화석층은 레이저 흡수능이 커 흔적화석과 퇴적구조의 물리적 손실을 동반하는 레이저 세정법은 가급적 지양하는 것이 바람직하다. Tracksite of pterosaurs, birds, and dinosaurs in Chungmugong-dong in Jinju was designated as a natural monument in 2011 and is known as the world's largest in terms of the number and density of pterosaur footprints. This site has been managed by installing protection buildings to conserve in 2018. About 17% of the footprints of pterosaur, theropod, and ornithopod in this site under management in the 2nd protection building are of great academic value, but observation of footprints has difficulties due to continuous physical and chemical damage. In particular, the accumulation of milk-white contaminants is formed by the gypsum and air pollutant complex. Gypsum remains evaporated with a plate or columnar shape in the process of water circulation around the 2nd protection building, and the dust is from through the inflow of the gallery windows. The aqueous solution of gypsum, consisting of calcium from the lower bed and sulfur from grass growth, is catchmented into the groundwater from the area behind the protection building. Pollen and a few minerals other constituents of contaminants, go through the gallery window, which makes it difficult to expel dust. To conserve the fossil-bearing beds from two contaminants of different origins, controlling the water and atmospheric circulation of the 2nd protection building and removing the contaminants continuously is necessary. When cleaning contaminants, the steam cleaning method is sufficiently effective for powder-shaped milk-white contaminants. The fossil-bearing bed consists of dark gray shale with high laser absorption power; the laser cleaning method accompanies physical loss to fossils and sedimentary structures; therefore, avoiding it as much as possible is desirable.

      • Does Empathy Affect Heart Rhythm Pattern between Persons?

        ( Sungjin Lim ),( Sngin Park ),( Myoungju Won ),( Mincheol Whang ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-

        Empathy has been studied to reinforce in social cognition and social behavior. According to research, bio-behavior synchrony is the clue to enhance the social behavior. Especially, Cardio vascular response that is internal response from bio-behavior synchrony has been connected to social emotion in this study. The purpose of this study was to determine the HRP(heart rhythm pattern) predicting empathy through two person interaction. The 20 subjects (10 females) was participated in study and conducted the interaction tasks. The tasks were categorized the two conditions. One task was to mimic the facial expression by leader (empathy), other was by self (non-empathy). The facial expression in task was included the Ekman`s 6 basic emotions (Happy, Sad, Fear, Disgust, Surprise, Anger). In experiment result, the empathy condition was higher correlation between leader and follower rather than non-empathy condition. Also, the difference of SDNN between leader and follower was significantly decreased in empathy condition. We found that the empathy state was higher synchronization of the heart rhythm, and that is, it was the closer social distance.

      • 인지도에 따라 눈에서 표현되는 공감도의 정도 평가

        임성진(Sungjin Lim),원명주(Myoungju Won),황민철(Mincheol Whang) 한국HCI학회 2014 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.2

        본 연구는 사람들에게 알려진 유명인에 대한 공감정도에 눈이 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 평가하고자 하였다. 두 사람간의 인터랙션 내에서 확인할 수 있는 감성, 즉 사회감성 중 공감도를 눈을 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 최근 감성 판별을 위해 얼굴 전체 패턴을 연구하는 사례는 많으나, 눈에 집중한 연구는 아직 미비한 상태이다. 본 연구는 주관설문을 통해 평가하였고, 공감하는 정도와 감성 판단에 영향을 미치는 영역에 대한 질문을 제시하였다. 120 명의 피험자가 참여하였으며, 자극으로 제시된 사진은 인지도가 높은 유명인, 낮은 유명인, 일반인으로 남녀 각각 2 명씩이고, 그 결과 사람들에게 잘 알려진 유명인일 수록 그 사람의 눈을 통한 공감도가 높았으나, 시선이 머무는 영역이나 시간은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 세부적인 사항은 실감적 요인이 적용될 수 있는 아바타나 미래의 로봇, 가상현실 컨텐츠를 구현하여 효과적인 서비스를 제안 할 수 있을 것이다. The aim of this study was to investigate the decision elements of emotion through eye expression. The study is focused to find the empathy emotion through eye. To distinguish the level of the empathy, a questionnaire was designed to analyze difference among three groups; well-known, known and unknown group. Participating in the study were 150 respondents. In this paper, we analyzed the result to verify that the well known’s eyes effected to feel empathy more than unknown’s. This study is expected to apply marketing system using the expression of eye’s, efficient service of emotional avatar or robot, virtual reality system.

      • Does Empathy Affect heart rhythm pattern between persons?

        Sungjin Lim,Sangin Park,Myoungju Won,Mincheol Whang 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

        Empathy has been studied to reinforce in social cognition and social behavior. According to research, bio-behavior synchrony is the clue to enhance the social behavior. Especially, Cardio vascular response that is internal response from bio-behavior synchrony has been connected to social emotion in this study. The purpose of this study was to determine the HRP(heart rhythm pattern) predicting empathy through two person interaction. The 20 subjects (10 females) was participated in study and conducted the interaction tasks. The tasks were categorized the two conditions. One task was to mimic the facial expression by leader (empathy), other was by self (non-empathy). The facial expression in task was included the Ekman"s 6 basic emotions (Happy, Sad, Fear, Disgust, Surprise, Anger). In experiment result, the empathy condition was higher correlation between leader and follower rather than non-empathy condition. Also, the difference of SDNN between leader and follower was significantly decreased in empathy condition. We found that the empathy state was higher synchronization of the heart rhythm, and that is, it was the closer social distance. Using the biofeedback to predict the social emotion especially focused on empathy, Heart rhythm is the indicator to evaluate empathy grade quantitatively. Mapping with heart rhythm would be expected to improve social cognition and enhance relationships.

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