Fluvial knickpoint identification and their characterizations in the drainage basins of Western Ghats, India

Aman Mohammad Adil,Yunus Ali P.,Javed Akram 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.2

The fluvial knickzones, a geomorphic marker of erosion, climate, and tectonics has received much interest in the topographic developmental studies in the recent past. Nevertheless, examining their spatial distribution in passive margins has not been well documented especially for the drainage basins in the humid tropical climatic systems. Here in this study, we presented the spatial distribution of knickzones in the three river basins of Western Ghats, India, namely Chaliyar, Pambar and Muthirapuzha basins. Because the conventional method of knickzone identification using topographic maps or field readings is laborious, we employed a 30 m digital elevation model and Topo- ToolBox, a Matlab based tool to extract the knickpoints in the study area. A total of 356 knickpoints were identified by analyzing * 2670 km of river network, and the knickzone frequency is estimated as 0.13 km-1. The average height of the knickzones is found to be 83 m, and majority of the knickpoints are located closest to the headwaters. Although we noticed that the streams underlying metamorphic lithology tends to have the highest knickzone frequency, but it can be also attributed to the fact that metamorphic rocks are the most dominant rock type in the study area. The high amount of knickzone frequency in the study area thus may be the result of coupled climatic control caused by heavy summer rainfall, bed rock erosion triggered by high grade metamorphism, and also the local base level changes as indicated by the clustered knickpoints in the stream heads.

Screening of the growth of thymus of human fetuses

Adil Asghar,Mohammad Rehan Asad,Shagufta Naaz,Mamta Rani 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.4

The thymus is a lymphoepithelial organ, and its morphometry is commonly utilized for surveillance of the immunological status of fetus and neonates. Many studies showed that fetal thymus size is used as a prognostic indicator for pregnancy-related disorders such as eclampsia, preterm labor, and gestational diabetes. The study aims to establish reference ranges of the normal fetal thymus size between 12 and 40 weeks of gestational age (GA). The study was conducted on 89 fetuses. They were dissected to capture the morphometry of thymus: transverse diameter, perimeter, and weight. Considering these parameters were dependent variables of GA and gestational weight (GW). Their relationship was studied by a multiple regression model. The best fit models in predicting thymic dimensions as a function of GA and GW were determined using regression analysis. Mean transverse diameter, perimeter, and thymus weight was 33.45±2.91 mm, 125.72±55.4 mm, and 3.078±3.06 g, respectively. They were increased throughout pregnancy as GA and GW advanced. The regression equation for a transverse diameter of the thymus as a function of GA was (0.303×GA–4.885, R2=0.8196) and for the perimeter of the thymus was (1.0212×GA–15.24, R2=0.8666). Reference ranges and baseline data of the normal fetal thymic dimensions between 12 and 40 weeks of GA have been established.

Roles of plant hormones and anti-apoptosis genes during drought stress in rice ( <i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

Ubaidillah, Mohammad,Safitri, Fika Ayu,Jo, Jun-Hyeon,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Hussain, Adil,Mun, Bong-Gyu,Chung, Il Kyung,Yun, Byung-Wook,Kim, Kyung-Min Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016 3 Biotech Vol.6 No.2

<P>We previously identified the rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I>) senescence-associated gene <I>OsSAP</I> which encodes a highly conserved protein involved in anti-apoptotic activity. This novel Bax suppressor-related gene regulates tolerance to multiple stresses in yeast. Here, we show the effects of drought stress on leaf and root tissues of plants over-expressing <I>OsSAP</I> in relation to the levels of phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA), gibberellic acid (GA<SUB>3</SUB>), and zeatin. Results showed that rice plants over-expressing <I>SAP</I> were tolerant to drought stress compared to wild type and the plants over-expressing <I>AtBI</I>-1, which is a homolog of the human Bax inhibitor-1 in <I>Arabidopsis</I>. ABA and JA levels in <I>OsSAP</I> and <I>AtBI</I>-1 transgenic plants consistently increased up to at least 3 days after drought treatment, whereas lower GA<SUB>3</SUB> levels were recorded during early drought period. Comparison between control and transgenic plants overexpressing anti-apoptosis genes <I>OsSAP</I> and <I>AtBI</I>-1 resulted in different patterns of hormone levels, indicating that these genes are involved in the plant responses to drought stress and present an opportunity for further study on drought stress tolerance in rice and other plant species.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-016-0564-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Burden of Healthcare Utilization Associated with Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19 Infected Patients

( Md Azharuddin ),( Mohammad Adil ),( Upasna Gaba ),( Manju Sharma ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Purpose There available evidences of increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) reported with higher risk for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and substantial mortality. We carried out a systematic literature review and meta-analytic synthesis to find out the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and related healthcare utilization burden in patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, and Web of Science to identify studies investigating resource utilization of diabetic patients exposed to COVID-19. Meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3. The random effects model was used to compute the pooled estimates of odds ratio/mean difference (OR)/(MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Results from the pooled meta-analysis found that significant association was found between mortality and DM vs. nondiabetic [OR (95% CI): 2.46 (1.68, 3.58)]. ICU admission and use of mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with DM and COVID-19 vs. non-diabetic [OR (95% CI): 2.79 (1.79,4.34) and 3.33 (2.05, 5.42)], respectively. However, LOS, hospitalization, and ICU admission were not significantly different between patients with DM vs. non-DM. Conclusion The Results showed a significant association between mortality and DM exposed with COVID-19. Other co-morbidities especially CVD/hypertension could be a serious threat for DM COVID-19 infected patients for the higher mortality.

Pharmaceutical Medicine

( Md Azharuddin ),( Mohammad Adil ),( Prem Kapur ),( Pinaki Ghosh ),( Manju Sharma ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common and postoperative complication in patients who underwent solid organ transplant and it makes extensive healthcare burden. So far, the pooled prevalence and microorganisms causing SSI among liver transplantation has not been reported well. This evidence-based systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to find the pooled prevalence of SSI. Methods: A systematic literature search on PubMed/Medline, Embase was conducted to identify the study determining the prevalence of SSI among patients who underwent liver transplantation, published from inception to May 2020. We calculated pooled prevalence (%) with 95% confidence interval (CI) with a random-effect model. A meta-analysis was performed using “meta” package through R 3.5.0. software. Results: A total of fifteen studies with 5,952 study subjects were included in this analysis. The rate of SSI was ranged between 9.0% and 96.4%. The pooled prevalence of SSI was 27.0% (95% CI: 16.09 to 40.01%) with high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 99%, heterogeneity-P<0.01). The included studies reported a higher percentage of organ-space SSI (70.2%), followed by incisional, superficial, and deep SSI. The incidence rate of SSI was ranged from 0.34-10.3 episodes per 100 transplantation. Staphylococcus aureus (76.5%) was the most common pathogen identified, followed by Coagulase-negative staphylococci (35.0%) and Escherichia coli (21.25%). Conclusions: The current result suggests the overall prevalence of SSI infection was high. However, due to a high degree of heterogeneity, resulting a considerable amount of clinical uncertainty regarding the prevalence of SSI among patients who underwent liver transplantation. Therefore, studies are required to confirm the present findings.

Money Demand Function: A Not-So-Fond Farewell in the Light of Financial Development

Masudul Hasan Adil,Neeraj Hatekar,Sana Fatima,Ibrahim Nurudeen,Shan Mohammad 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2022 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.37 No.1

This study investigates the stability issues of real money balances considering financial development. We estimate real narrow (M1) and broad (M3) money demand in India during the post-financial reform, from 1996:Q2 to 2016:Q3. To check the short- and long-run relationships, this study uses the autoregressive distributed lag model of cointegration and other various time series techniques. After incorporating financial development into money demand, we determined short- and long-run relationships and a well-defined open-economy stable money demand specification (M1 and M3) in India. Having established money demand function, the policymaker and central bankers can use monetary aggregates as an indicator or information variable to predict output gaps and inflationary expectations under the inflation-targeting framework.

Systematic evidence of health economic evaluation of drugs for postmenopausal osteoporosis: A quality appraisal

Md Azharuddin,Mohammad Adil,Rashid Ali Khan,Pinaki Ghosh,Prem Kapur,Manju Sharma 대한골다공증학회 2020 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.6 No.2

This paper systematically and critically reviewed all published economic evaluations of drugs for the treatment postmenopausal osteoporosis. A systematic search was conducted using relevant databases for economic evaluations to include all relevant English articles published between January 2008 to January 2020. After extracting the key study characteristics, methods and outcomes, we evaluated each article using the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) and the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) instruments. A total of 49 studies met the inclusion criteria. Majority of studies were funded by the industry and reported favorable cost-effectiveness. Based on the QHES total scores, studies (n = 35) were found to be industry-funded with higher QHES mean 82.44 ± 8.69 as compared with nonindustry funding studies (n = 11) with mean 72.22 ± 17.67. The overall mean QHES scores were found to be higher 79.06 ± 11.84, representing high quality (75-100) compared to CHEERS scores (%) 75.03 ± 11.21. The statistical pairwise comparison between CHEERS mean (75.03 ± 11.21) and QHES mean (79.06 ± 11.84) were not statistically significant (P ¼ 0.10) whereas, QHES score showed higher means as compared to CHEERS. This study suggests the overall quality of the published literatures was relatively few high-quality health economic evaluation demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of drugs for postmenopausal osteoporosis, and the majority of the literature highlights that methodological shortcoming.

Frequency of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Pakistani Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Shaikh, Muhammad Shariq,Adil, Salman Naseem,Shaikh, Mohammad Usman,Khurshid, Mohammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21

Background: The difference in prognosis of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be attributed largely to variation in cytogenetic abnormalities with age groups. Cytogenetic analysis in acute leukemia is now routinely used to assist patient management, particularly in terms of diagnosis, disease monitoring, prognosis and risk stratification. Knowing about cytogenetic profile at the time of diagnosis is important in order to take critical decisions in management of the patients. Aim and Objectives: To determine the frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in Pakistani adult patients with ALL in order to have insights regarding behavior of the disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all the cases of ALL (${\geq}15$years old) diagnosed at Aga Khan University from January 2006 to June 2014 was performed. Phenotype (B/T lineage) was confirmed in all cases by flow cytometry. Cytogenetic analysis was made for all cases using the trypsin-Giemsa banding technique. Karyotypes were interpreted using the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) criteria. Results: A total of 166 patients were diagnosed as ALL during the study period, of which 151 samples successfully yielded metaphase chromosomes. The male to female ratio was 3.4:1. The majority (n=120, 72.3%) had a B-cell phenotype. A normal karyotype was present in 51% (n=77) of the cases whereas 49% (n=74) had an abnormal karyotype. Of the abnormal cases, 10% showed Philadelphia chromosome; t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). Other poor prognostic cytogenetic subgroups were t(4;11)(q21;q23), hypodiploidy (35-45 chromosomes) and complex karyotype. Hyperdiploidy (47-57 chromosomes) occurred in 6.6%; all of whom were younger than 30 years. Conclusions: This study showed a relatively low prevalence of Philadelphia chromosome in Pakistani adults with ALL with an increase in frequency with age (p=0.003). The cumulative prevalence of Philadelphianegative poor cytogenetic aberrations in different age groups was not significant (p=0.6).

Production of Extruded Fine Scintillator Strips

김동희,장성현,공대정,서준석,Mohammad Adil Khan,오영도 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6

Fine scintillator strips with 1 cm widths and 3 mm thicknesses have been produced with an extrusion technique. Each strip has a 1-mm hole along the strip for a wavelength-shifter fiber. The technique has several advantages in comparison with the casting method. The strip's light yield shows a sufficient number of photoelectrons, indicating that its quality is comparable to that of a strip produced with the casting method. The strip was exposed to a harsh radiation environment. We discuss the results of irradiation and the efects of annealing. Fine scintillator strips with 1 cm widths and 3 mm thicknesses have been produced with an extrusion technique. Each strip has a 1-mm hole along the strip for a wavelength-shifter fiber. The technique has several advantages in comparison with the casting method. The strip's light yield shows a sufficient number of photoelectrons, indicating that its quality is comparable to that of a strip produced with the casting method. The strip was exposed to a harsh radiation environment. We discuss the results of irradiation and the efects of annealing.

Screening marine algae metabolites as high-afnity inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro): an in silico analysis to identify novel drug candidates to combat COVID-19 pandemic

Muteeb Ghazala,Alshoaibi Adil,Aatif Mohammad,Rehman Md. Tabish,Qayyum M. Zuhaib 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.6

The recent dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan city to all over the world has created a pandemic. COVID-19 has cost many human lives and created an enormous economic burden. Although many drugs/vaccines are in different stages of clinical trials, still none is clinically available. We have screened a marine seaweed database (1110 compounds) against 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 using computational approaches. High throughput virtual screening was performed on compounds, and 86 of them with docking score< −5.000 kcal mol−1 were subjected to standardprecision docking. Based on binding energies (<−6.000 kcal mol−1 ), 9 compounds were further shortlisted and subjected to extra-precision docking. Free energy calculation by Prime-MM/GBSA suggested RC002, GA004, and GA006 as the most potent inhibitors of 3CLpro. An analysis of ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) properties of RC002, GA004, and GA006 indicated that only RC002 (callophysin A, from red alga Callophycus oppositifolius) passed Lipinski’s, Veber’s, PAINS and Brenk’s flters and displayed drug-like and lead-like properties. Analysis of 3CLpro-callophysin A complex revealed the involvement of salt bridge, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. callophysin A interacted with the catalytic residues (His41 and Cys145) of 3CLpro; hence it may act as a mechanism-based competitive inhibitor. Docking energy and docking afnity of callophysin A towards 3CLpro was −8.776 kcal mol−1 and 2.73×106 M−1 , respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation confrmed the stability of the 3CLpro-callophysin A complex. The fndings of this study may serve as the basis for further validation by in vitro and in vivo studies.