The Ring of Invariants of 4×4 Generic Matrices

洪慶和 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.2

Edward Formanek, Patrick Halpin 그리고 Wen-chin Winnie Li는 數 K 위의 2個의 2×2 Generic matrix의 Invariant 들로 이루어진 환의 Poincare Series를 계산했다. 그리고 Teranishi는 앞의 결과를 n個의 2×2 Generic matrix인 경우로 확장하고 또 2個의 3×3 Generic matrix의 Invariant들로 이루어진 環의 Poincare Series를 구하였다. 그는 또 2個의 4×4 Generic matrix의 Invariant들로 이루어진 環에 關한 몇 개의 性質을 발견하였다. 본 논문은 Teranishi의 결과를 이용하여 1장에서는 2個의 4×4 Generic matrix의 Invariant들로 이루어진 환의 구조에 관하여 논하고 2장에서는 그 환의 Poincare Series에 관하여 논했다.

韓國都市 財政의 RANK-SIZE 關係

洪慶嬉,朴泰和 경북대학교 교육대학원 1981 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

The urban system along with a nation's urbanization has been processed timely and spatialy. The flow of the city's financial asset and population has been main factors on forming an urban system. Accordingly, the analysis on financial size of cities is essential for the study on urban system and the solution to the related urban problems. This thesis contents following analysis to clarify the relation between the size and the rank of the Korean city finance: a. A comparison on the differences between the rank of financial size and the rank of population size, and a study on the cause of this differences. b. A test on applicability and non-applicability for the rank-sise rule on financial size. c. A measurement on the degree of primacy of the primate cities on the financial size. d. A compariative analysis between the actual financial size and expected financial size by the Zipf Model. The data used are the population census report and the government statistic reports of the local tax, national tax and budget, in the year of 1980. The following are the results of analysis: ⑴ The difference of city financial size is much greater than its population size. Among the local tax, budget and The national tax, the national tax is the largest, and budget is the next in difference between cities financial size. Basing on the spearman's rank correlation coeffcient of the population rank, 0.90 of the local tax and 0.81 of the budget shows a higher correlation than 0.71 of the national tax. ⑵ The following is an analysis on the differences between the population rank and financial (local tax, national tax, budget) rank of Korean cities ⒜ The cities with greater local tax rank than population rank have a high degree of independent financial support which there are 7 cities or 27% of total cities in that group. Adversely, a low degree of independent financial support which there are 20 cities or 50% total cities have greater population rank. ⒝ The cities with greater national tax rank than population rank have a high economic productivity which there are 15 cities or 40% of total cities in that group. Adversely, a low economic productivity which there are 19 cities or 50% of total Korean Cities have greater population rank. ⒞ The cities with greater budget rank than population rank are the developed cities which there are 12 cities or 30% of total Korean Cities in that group. Adversely, the stagnant cities and the underdeveloped cities which there are 21 cities or 53% of total Korean cities have greater population rank. ⑶ In review of the rank-size relation of the financial rank by the "q" value tested of regression coefficient and the log-graph city plotting distribution, they are appraoched each other; the population by the rank-size distribution; national tax by primate distribution; local tax and budgetting by the intermediate distribution. ⑷ The urban primacy by the two-city index (p_1/p_2) and four-city index(p_1/(p_2+p_3+p_4)) tested reveals a high degree of primcay in the national tax among indexes; local tax-3.8 by earlier index and 2.1 times by latter index and national tax-6.2 and 2.6 times; budgetting-4.8 and 2.6 times; population-2.6 and 1.4 times. ⑸ The cities with higher than 100% and less 50% in the percentage of the actual size of the city by the expected city size of the Zipf model show as following respectedly; local tax -2 and 33 cities; national tax -2 and 29 cities; budgetting -1 and 9 cities; population -1 and non cities. The cities with less than 50% of which are economic poor obviously showing less than 50% of the national tax and local tax greater in number cities with it.

Γ換의 微分과 可換性

洪慶和 弘益大學校 1982 弘大論叢 Vol.14 No.2

Lung O. cuung, jiang Luh and Anthony N.Richoux prove various results for derivations and commutativity of rings. On the other hand William E. Coppage and Jiang Luh study a Γ-ring In this Paper we introduce the notion of Γ*-ring which is similar toΓ-ring and various results for derivations and commutativity of Γ*rings.

實驗大學에 適用되는 敎養數學의 效率的 運營方案 硏究 : with cmphasis on the Engineering College 理工系大學 中心으로

洪慶和,金東奭 弘益大學校 1978 弘大論叢 Vol.10 No.-

This study intends to establish a new model curriculum that can be effectively applied to the learning of major subjects. Another intention is to improve the direction of learning, the performance of tasts, the evaluation of records, so that students' learning effect of cultural mathematics could be enhanced. it is desired that this study would contribute to making up a new curriculum and to developing new teaching materials.

大東輿地圖에 나타난 驛站의 分布와 立地

洪慶嬉,朴泰和 慶北大學校 師範大學 1981 敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

Yeok·Cham Settlement was in charge of the correspondence and official material transportation as a traffic settlement of Yi Dynasty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution and location on Yeok·Cham as a traffic settlement. The distribution has been grasped by region and port route, and the location has been analyzed by nature and civilization respectively. Therefore, The different point from the general settlement has been mentioned. The basic data of this study have been due to the Dae Dong Yeo Map. The distribution map has been made according to the 517 YeoK·Cham which appeared on Dae Dong Yeo Map as a base and the distribution and location have been analyzed by the above basic information. The result of this study has been abbreviated as follows: 1. By Do-province the majority of the Yeok·Cham distribution provinces are Gyeongsang-do, Gangweon-do, and the minority of YeoK·Cham distribution provinces are Hwanghae-do, Pyeongan-do, and Gyeonggi-do. Such differences are due to the correspondence business or the official material transportation in some respect. 2. The characteristic of distribution by locality is to make the linear pattern along the coast line on the mountainous district in north-east part, but the evenly spaced over-all pattern has been established on the plain district in south-west part. 3. The distance between Yeok·Chams has been established based on 30 ri on foot a day, but in accordance with the measurement at this study, it was 44 ri in average on the principal line of nine big roads, and 58 ri in average on the branch line. This is shorter in distance comparing with that of 200 ri in Rome by means of horse ride, and 80 ri in Japan based on foot a day. The narrow roads under 40 ri of distance between Yeok·Cham out of nine big roads are Ⅰ big road, Ⅲ big road, Ⅳ big road, and Ⅴ big road, and the wide roads over 50ri are Ⅱ big road, Ⅷ big road, and Ⅸ big road. And this difference is reflected by the degree of the importance of big road. 4. The natural location of Yeok·Cham has been devided into plain, rivers, mountains, valleys, and ridges. The plain location is 37% at the most, which can be found in many of the plains districts near Seoul. This distribution shows that the general settlement is different from the point of adherence to farming land. The number of river location is 19%, mountain location 22%, valley location 16% can be found in many mountainous district. In Yeok·Cham settlement, rivers and mountains have been a hindrance of carrying out the traffic duties. That is way the Yeok·Cham settlement has been established. Mountain pass location 6% has been distributed at hills in southern part more than high mountains in northern part. 5. The attention at the position of Yeok·Cham's relative location is that the existing cities·towns, and Cities·twons, are principal element in the establishment of Yeok·Chem. The one thirds of total have come to be within 10ri from the cities·twons.

교육대학원에서의 효율적 대수학 교육과정 연구

洪慶和 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of lectures in algebra in the graduate school of education is to help prospective teachers to improve teaching ability and to help students to become professional mathematicians. In order to achieve these goals, an effective curriculum is needed. This research is designed to provide an effective curriculum of algebra for the graduate school of education. Algebra I is composed of basic concepts and theorems with reference to curriculum of secondary schools and it is a required subject. Algebra Ⅱ deals with advanced contents that is not included in Algebra Ⅰ. Topics in Algebra deals with more advanced topics to help students who that to be professional mathematicians.

일부 소방공무원의 음주와 직무스트레스와의 관련성

강경화,이강숙,김석일,맹광호,홍현숙,정춘화 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : 소방공무원의 음주량과 직종별 직무 스트레스에 대해 알아보고 보다 나은 스트레스 관리방안과 문제성 음주예방을 위한 프로그램을 모색하기 위해 시도되었다. 대상 : 2000년 7월부터 8월까지 소방공무원 중 구조대원 97명, 구급대원 97명, 화재진압대원 179명,행정대원 116명, 기타대원 49명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 결과 : 소방공무원은 모든 직종에서 승진 및 임금제도의 스트레스 요인 점수가 가장 높았다. 직종별로 직무 내적 요인, 조직에서의 역할, 대인관계, 조직과 풍토, 직장환경과 스트레스 결과 점수에 있어 유의한 차이를 보였다 과음 주자인 경우 직무 내적요인, 직무 스트레스 수준, 개인적 특성, 대처방식의 점수가 높았으나 유의하지 알았다. 음주량은 직무내적 요인 중 업무 피드백과 음의 관련성을, 직무 스트레스 요인 중 역할 갈등은 음주량을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 소방공무원의 가장 높은 직무 스트레스 요인으로는 승진 및 임금제도인 것으로 나타났다. 음주량은 역할 갈등과 같은 직무 스트레스 요인과 관련이 있었으며, 향후 전향적인 음주행태조사를 통해 직무 스트레스 요인이 음주에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 기초로 소방공무원의 직무 스트레스 요인에 대한 적절한 관리와 정책이 필요한 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : To establish the relationship between alcohol use and job stress among firemen, and to develop a comprehensive health promotion program including stress management and the prevention of problem drinking. Methods : Data was collected from July to August, 2000. Study subjects included 97 rescue workers, 97 emergency medical personnel, 179 fire extinguishers, 116 administrators and 49 others. Results : The firemen displayed higher scores of stress due to promotion-related pres-sures and salary. We found significant differences in job internal factors, job role, inter-personal relationship, organizational norm, work environment and stress outcome among the various jobs. Job internal factors, job stress factors, personal characteristics, coping skills, and stress outcome were higher in heavy drinkers compared with the light and moderate drinkers. Job internal factors and smoking habit showed a positive correlation with the amount of drinking, although coping skill, exercise frequency and monthly income showed a negative relation with the amount consumed. Conclusion : This study suggested that alcohol drinking is associated with job stress. This suggests that a comprehensive health promotion program including stress management and problem drinking prevention and control should be developed.

장구균의 동정에 대한 PCR 방법의 유용성

최연화,이영선,김홍빈,김치경,김봉수 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.2

Background : Enterococci are important cause of nosocomial infections. Recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has been increasingly reported as significant nosocomial pathogens. Therefore, accurate identification of enterococcal species is a prerequisite step for the appropriate antibiotic treatment and epidemiologic surveillance. We wanted to know the usefulness of PCR method compared with Vitek automatic identification system. Methods : Totally 105 isolates were identified on the species level by Vitek (GPI card and software version R06.1), methyl-α -D-glucopyranoside test, and PCR methods. Results : Among 105 enterococcal isolates, 59 were identified as E. faecium, 11 E. faecalis, 6 E. gallinarum by Vitek. But 29 isolates (28%) were unidentified. Subsequently all of these isolates were analyzed by PCR, the results of which were as follows : 17 E. faecium, 5 E. casseliflavus, 7 E. gallinarum. Two isolates identified as E. gallinarum by Vitek were reidentified as E. casseliflavus by PCR and other methods far phenotypic characterization. Conclusoin : PCR method was more accurate and sensitive than Vitek for the identification of enterococci species. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:123∼127, 2001)

쾌속조형용 재료의 이방성과 강도에 대한 연구 - FDM

김승화,이홍경,이재일,안성훈 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology has been advanced to fabricate initial prototy various materials. Stratasys Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the typical RP that provide functional prototypes of ABS plastic. In order to predict the behavior of parts, it is critical to understand the material properties of the raw FDM process mat the effect that FDM build parameters have on the FDM part. In this paper, we characterize the properties of ABS parts fabricated by the FDM 1650. Using the I Experiment (DOE) approach, the process parameters of FDM, such as raster orientatior bead width, color, and model temperature were examined. Tensile strengths of specimens, [45/-45], cross specimens, [0/90], and directionally fabricated tensile special and [90]) were measured and compared with the injection molded FDM-ABS P400 mat the FDM parts made with a 0.003 air gap, the typical tensile strength ranged be percent and 83 percent of the strength of injection molded ABS P4OO. From the expert couple of build rules for designing FDM parts were obtained.

일부 사업장 건강증진사업 실태조사 및 요인분석

이경화,이원철,이강숙,홍현숙,송연이 가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터 2000 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.39 No.2

For the purpose of access the health promotion activities in 138 worksite which had more than 50 workers, we surveyed the questionnaire on May and September 1998. The results of survey were as follows: 1.59 companies(45.1%) were conducting the health promotion activities. Most of them were manufacturing and located Kyung-sang province and had nurses as a health manager. 2.Companies operating the health promotion activities had significant higher degree of satisfaction and usage of welfare facilities than non-operating companies. 3.The level of knowledge for regulations, professional skills, and performance related health promotion was low in all companies. Top manager's interest and will for investment to health promotion was significant lower in non-operating companies. 4.The reasons why the health promotion program was not operated, were low budget, top manager's indifference, lack of information, work overloading, no human resource, an insufficient governmental support in order. 5.The most necessary items for program were education and promotion, budget, and governmental support. Needed personnel were nurses, fitness trainner, and necessary program were health management, exercise, nutrition, and stress counselling. For comparing before and after IMF, amount of budget was decreased. In conclusion, this study suggested that major barriers to conduct health promotion activities were lack of budget, lower interest of top managers, and insufficient professional information, therefore detail health promotion program would be developed and supported by government.