Diabetes Care of Non-obese Korean Americans: Considerable Room for Improvement

Keith Tsz-Kit Chan,Karen M. Kobayashi,Adity Roy,Esme Fuller-Thomson 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.40 No.2

Background: Family doctors are increasingly managing the diabetes care of Korean-Americans. Little is known about the prevalence of diabetes among non-obese Korean-Americans, or the extent to which they receive timely and appropriate diabetes care. The purpose of this investigation is to: (1) identify the prevalence of diabetes and to determine the adjusted odds of diabetes among non-obese Korean-Americans compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) Americans, (2) examine the factors associated with having diabetes in a large sample of non-obese Korean- Americans, and (3) determine the prevalence and adjusted odds of optimal frequency of eye care, foot care and A1C blood glucose level monitoring among non-obese Korean-Americans with diabetes in comparison to NHWs with diabetes. Methods: Secondary analysis of population-based data from the combined 2007, 2009, and 2011 adult California Health Interview Survey. The sample included 74,361 respondents with body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2 (referred to as ‘non-obese BMI’), of whom 2,289 were Korean-Americans and 72,072 were NHWs, and 4,576 had diabetes. Results: The prevalence and adjusted odds of diabetes among non-obese Korean-Americans are significantly higher than among their NHW peers. More than 90% of Korean-Americans with diabetes were non-obese. NHWs had substantially higher odds of having optimal frequency of eye care, foot care and A1C glucose level monitoring, even after adjusting for insulin dependence, sex, age, education, income, and BMI. Conclusion: Non-obese Korean-Americans are at higher risk for diabetes and are much less likely to receive optimal diabetes care in comparison to NHWs. Targeted outreach is necessary.

Efficacy of the Fixed Dose Combination of Elbasvir/Grazoprevir versus Daclastasvir plus Asunaprevir in Patients Chronically Infected with Hepatitis C Genotype 1b: A Systematic Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison

( Sam Keeping ),( Keith Chan ),( Eric Druyts ),( Shelby Corman ),( Chizoba Nwankwo ),( Park Hye-min ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Genotype 1b accounts for the majority of chronic hepatitis c virus (HCV) infections in high income countries in Asia. The combination of daclastasvir plus asunaprevir for 24 weeks (DCV24 + ASV24) is currently licensed for the treatment of genotype 1b patients in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, and can be considered one of the current standard of care in this population. The fixed-dose combination of elbasvir/grazoprevir taken for 12 weeks (EBR/GZR12) has also demonstrated high rates of sustained viral response (SVR) in genotype 1b patients. We performed a systematic review and indirect treatment comparison of EBR/GZR12 and DCV24 + ASV24 in HCV patients with genotype 1b. Methods: Randomized or single-arm clinical trials of at least one of the treatments of interest were identified by searching Medline (including Medline in Process), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. For each intervention, an overall SVR across all trials was calculated using a fixed-effects model with inverse- variance weighting and no transformation of the underlying data. A naive comparison was then made using standard statistical methods (2x2 contingency tables, Normal test for difference), without accounting for differences across trial populations. Analyses were conducted for the overall population as well as subgroups stratified by prior-treatment experienced and cirrhosis status. Results: A total of 27 relevant citations were identified with information from 15 clinical trials (9 for EBR/GZR, 6 for DCV + ASV). The pooled SVRs in all patients were 98.28% (95% CI 97.07%, 99.48%) for EBR/GZR12, and 86.68% (95% CI 84.73%, 88.62%) for DCV24 + ASV24. In the naive comparison, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two treatments with a relative risk (RR) of 1.12 (95% CI 1.09, 1.16). The subgroup analysis showed that EBR/GZR12 had higher SVRs than DCV24 + ASV24 in all subgroups that were assessed. These differences in SVRs were also statistically significant in all patient groups except in treatment-naive patients with compensated cirrhosis (RR 1.10 [95% CI 0.99, 1.23]), where the lower bound of the confidence interval approached 1 (see Table 1). Due to a lack of head-to-head trials within the evidence base or trials with a common control group, it was not possible to carry out a network meta-analysis. Conclusions: These results suggest that EBR/GZR12 is likely to offer clinical benefits over DCV24 + ASV24 in terms of higher SVRs in patients with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C infection.

지속가능기업을 향한 이중나선모형기반 진화경로 분석

김기찬(Ki Chan Kim),박지윤(Ji Yun Park),이성상(Sung-sang Lee),Edward Keith G. Capoy,Charles H. Fine 한국경영학회 2012 Korea Business Review Vol.16 No.2

대부분의 기업들이 성장과정에서 정체기를 가지며, 이것이 혁신의 시작이 되면 장수하지만 그렇지 못한 경우는 주저앉고 만다. 기업능력은 더 이상 개발되지 못하는데 유산비용은 점차 커지기 때문이다. 특유한 기업역량은 모방되고, 기존 경쟁이 진부화되면 기업은 쇠퇴한다. 이때 재혁신이 필요하다(Nunes and Breene,2011). 특히 큰 정체기에서 다시 회복하는 기업은 10%정도에 불과하다. ``스톨포인트(Nunes, Paul, and Tim, 2011, Olson, van Bever, and Verry, 2008)의 연구에 의하면 포춘 100대 기업 중 87% 기업이 스톨의 덫에 걸린다. 이 중 11%는 고성장을 다시 회복한 반면 75%는 재도약에 실패하고, 13% 기업만 지속적 성장을 한다고 보고한다. 한국기업들은 선진기업 추적전략을 통해 지금까지 진화해왔다(이근 외, 2008). 본 연구는 구 대우자동차 가 경영위기로부터 GM에 인수된 이후 경쟁력을 회복하는 과정을 동적능력과 조직능력의 관점에서 분석하고 있다. 첫 번째로, MIT의 파인교수(1998, 김기찬, 박성규, 송창석 역, 2002) 모델을 기초로 기업의 성장과정을 추적하고자 하였다. 특히 조직능력(organizational capability)과 동적전환능력(dynamic capability, Eisenhardt and Martin, 2000)의 진화단계별 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 그 특성에 따라 부품산업에 있어서 설계능력의 변화(송창석, 김기찬, 강명수, 2003), 기업복잡성 관리를 위해 모듈화(Baldwin and Clark, 1997, 2000, Camuffo, 2000, Fujimoto, 2002a, 2002b)가 도입되는 특성이 있었다. 두 번째로, 이러한 모델을 바탕으로 GM Korea의 진화과정을 추적, 분석하였다. 특히 GM과 대우자동차간 협력전략의 장점을 중심으로 살펴보고자 하였다(Astley and Fombrun, 1983, Lavie, 2006). GMKorea는 GM에 인수된 이래 국내와 해외자동차시장에서 괄목할만한 판매신장을 가져왔으며, GM의 글로벌경차 및 소형승용차 개발센터로 선정되어 핵심 R&D의 역할을 수행해 왔다. 2008년 글로벌 금융위기 이후 GM Korea는 침체기와 회복기를 거쳐 회사명의 변경과 더불어 한국시장에서 브랜드를 변경하였다. 또한 본연구에서는 글로벌 전략을 통해 GM Korea의 성공에 많은 영향을 주고 있는 모회사 GM의 진화과정을 함께 분석하고 있다. GM 진화과정의 한 부분으로 GM Korea의 역할과 진화과정을 Double Helix Model을 통하여 연계분석함으로써 글로벌자동차 메이커와 연계한 한국자동차기업의 지속성장(장수기업) 진화경로 연구에 대한 전략적 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 다만 본 연구의 사례연구 대상기간인 2002년에서 2009년은 미국 본사의 GM과 한국의 대우자동차가 협력적 전략관계를 통해 부실기업인 대우자동차를 안정화시키기 위해 노력했던 시기이다. 그러나 2009년 이후에는 어려워진 본사 GM의 영향으로 단기적 수익추구전략이 예상된다. 회사명까지 GM Korea로 개정하였다. ``대우``라는 명칭을 지운 GM Korea는 향후 대우자동차의 입장보다는 본사의 단기수익을 강조하게 될것이다. 이 경우 협력적 관계를 전제로 한 지금까지의 사례내용과는 다르게 갈등적 경쟁관계가 예상된다. 또한 한국 내 부품업체들과의 상생적 협력관계기반이 흔들리고, 기업생태계와 관련된 여러 문제(김기찬,2009)가 제기될 것으로 예상된다. Even the most successful firms experience a life cycle effect of rapid growth that eventually gives way to some degree of stagnation. Many firms accept gracefully the natural slowing of their growth rates as they mature, while others try to kickstart a new innovation process as soon as they perceive a slowdown upon them. Many companies fail at such attempts due to inadequate organization capabilities, competition that is too intense, or an inability to overcome legacy practices and/or costs. Some are able to sustain growth rates with new innovation (Nunes and Breene, 2011) but the numbers are small. In particular, only less than 10% of firms can restore. In a study of Fortune 100 companies (Nunes, and Breene, 2011, Olson, van Beber, and Verry, 2008), 87% of the firms saw their growth stall during the period observed. Of these, 11% managed to get back on the high growth track, but 75% failed to break their fall. The remaining 13% managed to maintain a stable, sustainable path. Mostly firms in Korea have evolved so far by tracking and benchmarking the global leading companies (Lee, 2008). This paper analyzes the restoration process of the competitiveness of GM Korea, in terms of its organizational capabilities and dynamic capabilities - from the time it became a subsidiary of General Motors following its crisis as the former Daewoo Motors. This paper traces the growth of a firm applying the Double Helix Model of Fine (Fine, 1998, Kim, Park, and Song, Korean translation, 2002). In particular it examines the characteristics of the organizational capability and the dynamic capability(Eisenhardt and Martin, 2000) by evolution stage. It is notable that these characteristics have been reflected on the change in design capability of Korean parts suppliers (Song, Kim, and, Kang, 2003) and the introduction of modularity(Baldwin and Clark, 1997, 2000, Camuffo, 2000, Fujimoto, 2002a, 2002b) to control the complexity management. This paper, using Double Helix Model, traces and analyzes the evolutionary path of GM Korea. Also this paper looks into the growth track of the company from the standpoint of benefits through the cooperation (Astley and Fombrun, 1983, Lavie, 2006) between GM Korea and its parent company, GM. After the GM`s acquisition, the company reported remarkable sales performance both in the domestic and global market as GM`s home for mini and small vehicles development, followed by a steep downfall after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Post-crisis, the management team has rebuilt the company as GM Korea. To fully explore this process, this paper traces the evolutionary path of GM, the mother company, as it played a significant role of leading GM Korea to its recent successes. This paper`s conceptual structure borrows from Fine`s Double Helix Model (Fine, 1998). This study may be used in learning and capturing strategic lessons on the future study on the evolution path of the Korean automobile industry for the sustainability. The analysis of this paper focuses on the time period from 2002 through 2009 when both GM Korea and GM together were in the process of rebuilding GM Korea to stabilize the operation through the strategic collaboration between them. Nevertheless, GM Korea may pursue the short term performance after 2009 reflecting the policy of GM which has been restored by the support of US government, but still encountering difficulty in terms of competition. Renaming of GM Korea partly reflects the strategy of GM. GM Korea may take into consideration the position of GM in the future. If this supposition comes true, the relationship between the two companies may be less cooperative and become competitive. Also this kind of different situation may weaken the win-win relationship between GM Korea and its Korean parts suppliers as well as influence the business ecosystem(Kim, 2009). of the entire automobile industry in Korea.

Performance Analysis of Graph Laplacian Matrices in Detecting Protein Complexes

Dong Yun-yuan,Keith C.C. Chan,Liu Qi-jun,Wang Zheng-hua 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.6 No.2

Risk factors for child physical abuse and neglect among Chinese young mothers

Lo, Camilla K.M.,Tung, Keith T.S.,Chan, Ko Ling,Yip, Paul S.F.,Lau, Joseph T.F.,Wong, Wilfred H.S.,Wong, Rosa S.,Tsang, Anita M.C.,Tsang, Hannah Y.H.,Tso, Winnie W.Y.,Ip, Patrick Elsevier 2017 Child abuse & neglect Vol.67 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although studies have reported a linkage between young pregnancy and child maltreatment risk, it is still unclear about what factors place young mothers at greater risk of maltreating their child in Chinese context. Based on the socio-ecological model, risk factors in 4 domains: family background/structure, maternal stressors, mother-child interaction, and child behavioral issue in relation to physical assault, neglect, both physical assault and neglect, and either physical assault or neglect among Chinese young mothers in Hong Kong were assessed. 392 young mothers were recruited from an integrated supportive program for young mothers. The mean age of mothers at delivery was 21.8 (SD=3.0) and 52.3% were married. Individual risk factors and cumulative risk domains related to different child maltreatment groups were examined. Our results show both overlapping and unique risk factors across the domains associated with physical assault and neglect. Further, young families exposed to higher number of risk domains show higher rates for physical assault and neglect, co-occurrence of physical assault and neglect, and either form of maltreatment. In addition, various risk domains were found to be particularly important for different forms of maltreatment: family background/structure domain was found to be an important risk domain for neglect; mother-child interaction domain for both physical assault and neglect; family background/structure and maternal stressors domains for either physical assault or neglect. Closer examination of a subgroup of adolescent mothers aged 18 and below shows that family background/structure was an important risk domain for this group.</P>

Transcriptional activator elements for curtovirus C1 expression reside in the 3' coding region of ORF C1 /

Hur, Jin Gyung,Buckley, Kenneth J,Lee, Suk Chan,Davis, Keith R Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2007 Molecules and cells Vol.23 No.1

Inclusion of thin target and source regions in alimentary and respiratory tract systems of mesh-type ICRP adult reference phantoms

Kim, Han Sung,Yeom, Yeon Soo,Nguyen, Thang Tat,Choi, Chansoo,Han, Min Cheol,Lee, Jai Ki,Kim, Chan Hyeong,Zankl, Maria,Petoussi-Henss, Nina,Bolch, Wesley E,Lee, Choonsik,Qiu, Rui,Eckerman, Keith,Chung, Institute of Physics in association with the Ameri 2017 Physics in medicine & biology Vol. No.

<P>It is not feasible to define very small or complex organs and tissues in the current voxel-type adult reference computational phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), which limit dose coefficients for weakly penetrating radiations. To address the problem, the ICRP is converting the voxel-type reference phantoms into mesh-type phantoms. In the present study, as a part of the conversion project, the micrometer-thick target and source regions in the alimentary and respiratory tract systems as described in ICRP <I>Publications 100</I> and <I>66</I> were included in the mesh-type ICRP reference adult male and female phantoms. In addition, realistic lung airway models were simulated to represent the bronchial (BB) and bronchiolar (bb) regions. The electron specific absorbed fraction (SAF) values for the alimentary and respiratory tract systems were then calculated and compared with the values calculated with the stylized models of ICRP <I>Publications 100</I> and <I>66</I>. The comparisons show generally good agreement for the oral cavity, oesophagus, and BB, whereas for the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, extrathoracic region, and bb, there are some differences (e.g. up to ~9 times in the large intestine). The difference is mainly due to anatomical difference in these organs between the realistic mesh-type phantoms and the simplified stylized models. The new alimentary and respiratory tract models in the mesh-type ICRP reference phantoms preserve the topology and dimensions of the voxel-type ICRP phantoms and provide more reliable SAF values than the simplified models adopted in previous ICRP <I>Publications</I>.</P>