唐宗海의 脾胃에 대한 醫學觀 硏究 : 『中西匯通醫經精義』와『血證論』을 중심으로

허종찬,원진희,문구 한국전통의학연구소 2006 한국전통의학지 Vol.15 No.1

Dang, jonghae had written five books on chinese medicine,『Hyeoljeungrn』is his most important work. He wanted to correct the fallacies of the theory of Jang(臟) and Bu(腑) by comparing with chinese and western medicine. He distinguished Bi(脾) from Cheomyuk(甛肉) by comparing the spleen with the pancreas. He recognized Stomach as the warehouse of foods, and explained that Bi took charge of digestion actually. Bi charged the function of Transportation(運化) and Blood-govering(統血) in addition to plain digestion, he wrote. Dang, jonghae regarded the metabolism of the human body as the interaction of Gi(氣), Blood(血), Water(水) and Fire(火). And he explained that Bi adjusted them. He classified Syndrome of Blood(血證) into five sorts of syndrome and presented four kinds of treatment. Especially he took a serious view of the treatment connected with Bi and Stomach. He set up the theory of Bi and Stomach(脾胃論) practically on basis of anatomy, but he didn't assorted the physiology and pathology of each organ clearly. However he proved the importance of Bi and Stomach by treating Syndrome of Blood and provided with the foundation of merging chinese and western medicine.

이동통신 서비스 고객의 충성도 제고를 위한 편익 및 결속 관리 전략

허원무,이완수,황용희,황미진 한국방송광고공사 2006 광고연구 Vol.0 No.70

본 연구의 목적은 성숙기 경쟁이 치열한 이동통신 서비스 시장에서 기업들이 고객유지, 서비스 추가구매, 고객들의 긍정적 구전 확산을 유도하기 위해 고객들에게 어떠한 형태의 결속을 유도하는 것이 효과적이며, 결속을 제고시키기 위해 어떠한 편익을 제공하는 것이 바람직한 것인가를 알아보는 데 있다. 연구결과, 계산적 결속은 충성도 유형 중에서 서비스 유지에만 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그에 비해 정서적 결속은 서비스 유지뿐만 아니라 긍정적인 구전 및 새로운 서비스의 추가구매 등의 적극적 충성도 형성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정서적 결속은 상징적, 경험적 편익에 유의미한 영향을 받으며, 계산적 결속은 기능적, 경제적 편익에 유의미한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 결속 매개모형과 편익·충성도 직접경로 모형을 비교·분석한 결과, 충성도는 다양한 편익에 의해 직접적인 영향을 받기보다 편익에 의해 만들어진 계산적, 정서적 결속에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 충성도 관리를 위해서는 고객들에게 다양한 편익을 제공하는 것보다 다양한 편익들이 계산적, 정서적 결속으로 연결되도록 노력하는 것이 더욱 중요하다는 것을 시사해주고 있다. This research investigates the relationship between service benefit, commitment and type of loyalty. Four Benefits, provided by mobile service are functional, economic, experiential, symbolic benefit. So we examine how they influence affective and calculative commitment of consumers. We also investigate how emotional and calculating commitments affect to type of loyalty (service retention, positive word of mouth, additional service purchase). This study shows what kind of customer commitment should be pursued and which sort of benefit offered for customer retention, cross-selling, and word of mouth. Results indicate both calculative and affective commitment affect customer retention; however, only affective commitment influences additional service purchase, and positive word of mouth. In addition to, symbolic and experiential benefits have influence on affective commitment but functional and economic benefit on calculative commitment. We discuss the implications of these findings for loyalty improving strategy related with service benefit and type of commitment. We suggest a limitation of research and outline promising directions for future research.

天安 및 忠淸地域의 産婦人科 應急患者에 관한 臨床的 硏究

李元起,朴忠學,朴鎭完,許義宗,李昌益 단국대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

The objective of this study is to analyze clinical evaluation of 313 patients in Obstetrics and Gynecology who visited Emergency Room in Dankook University Hospital from June, 1994 to December, 1994 for the purpose of successful and perfect emergency care of the patients in Obtetrics and Gynecology in Cheonan-Chungcheong District in the futrure. Today, the goal of modern obstetrics is the well-being of both mother and fetus. And there are many gynecologic diseases which lead the female patient to emergency room with the chief complaint of severe abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, etc. We have of emergency patients, clinical characteristics of the patients, the time of patient's entrance in emergency room, the monthly distribution of visit, the crowding day of visit, the distribution of the patients according to living area, the admission rate, and the management of the patients, etc. Followings are the results summarized : 1. The mean age was 29.8 years(range form 10 to 85). The mean number of gravidity and parity were 2.0 and 1.1 respectively. The mean number of abortion and living child were 1.0 and 1.0 respectively. 2. The most predominant monthly distribution of visit were August and December. 3. The admission rate was 48.2% and the discharge rate was 49.5%. 4. Distribution of department was Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Orthopedics, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, in order. 5. The most crowding day of visit was Sunday(22.0%). The peak time of patint's entrance in emergency room was between 20:00 PM and 24:00 PM(24.3%), and the second peak time was between 16:00 PM and 20:00 PM(21.4). 6. Of 313 patients, 53% were known to live in Cheonan city and Cheonan county. 82.7% were known to live in Chungcheong District. 7. In 151 patients who admitted the ward, 53% were obstetric patients and 47% were gynecologic patients. 8. In 80 obstetric patients of admission, the most common chief complaint was labor pain(76.3%). In 71 gynecologic patients of admission, the incidence of disease was abortion(32.3%), ectopic pregnancy(25.4%), and pelvic inflammatory disease(11.3%), in order. 9. Major operations were performed in 40 patients of 151 admitted patients(26.5%). Minor operations including Dilatation and Curettage were performed in 12 patients(7.6%). 10 In 155 patients of discharge, the incidence of disese was abortion(36 patients), pelvic inflammatory disease(20 patients), false labor(15 patients), and uterine bleeding(11 patients), in order.

개인휴대 단말용 무선부 회로 설계 개발

권원현,허지헌,홍진표 안양대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 自然科學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

본 논문에서는 미래의 개인휴대통신 서비스용 단말인 1세대 PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)의 설계, 개발 및 시험에 관하여 서술하였다. 135 x 76 x 18 ㎜ 크기의 개발된 제품은 기존의 전자수첩에 pager의 기능을 부가시킨 Pager PDA로서 320 MHz 대역의 1200bps/2400bps 정보를 모두 수신 가능하며, 전국적인 서비스가 가능한 광역 페이져의 형태로 설계하였다. 이를 위해 사용지역에 따라 주파수가 자동으로 변환되는 PLL 형태의 국부 발진기를 설계 개발하였다. 시험결과 개발된 제품은 일반 페이져가 만족하여야 할 IEC 표준 규정을 모두 만족하였으며, 수신감도 또한 우수함을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, first generation of PDA(personal digital assistant) in which the function of pager is merged into electronic notebook has been developed and commercialized to fulfill the requirement of PCS equipment. Developed product of 135 x 76 x 18 ㎣ size operates in 320 MHz paging frequency bands and receives 1200bps or 2400bps paging data. And also, it adopts PLL type local oscillator whose operating frequency changes with the user locations to ensure the nationwide paging services. Experimental results show that the developed product meets well all of the IEC specifications and has high receiving sensitivity.

ADPCM 통신을 위한 ISDN 기본율 접속구조

홍진표,허재헌,권원현 안양대학교 자연과학연구소 1995 自然科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

비저지 시스템을 강력하게 추진하려는 전송설비와 통신망에 저속 코딩 기술이 출현하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 하나의 국제 표준 ISDN 기본율 접속을 통한 ADPCM 음성전송을 위하여 스위치 액세스 구조를 제안하였다. 제안한 구조에서는 2개, 3개 또는 4개의 음성 터미날과 데이타 터미날이 접속을 통하여 동시에 동작될 수 있다. 다양한 기술적 내용을 논의하였으며 제안한 기본율 접속구조, 기본율 S와 T 접속 비트 프레밍 요구와 Q.931 호 제어와 새로운 구조에 필요한 회선할당 절차를 논의하였다. 연구결과 기존 ISDN 스위치에서 제안한 구조로 갱신하는데 비교적 간단한 하드웨어 추가로 될 수 있고 표준 ISDN S와 T접속은 그대로 유지된다. This paper proposes a switch access architecture for Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation voice transimssion over a single international standard Inetegrated Services Digital Network, Basic Rate Interface. In this proposed architecture, data terminals with two voice terminals, three voice terminals, or four voice terminals can be operated simultaneously through the interface. Various technical topics are dicussed : the proposed Basic Rate Interface architecture. BRI S and T interface bit framing requirements and the Q.931 call control and channel assignment procedures required for the new architecture. The study results show that relatively simple additional hardware could be used to upgrade an existing ISDN switch to this proposed architecture and the standard ISDN S and T interfaces remain intact.

Staphylococcus aureus와 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species에 대한 Arbekacin의 시험관내 항균력

위성헌,강진한,허동호,이동건,김상일,김양리,최정현,김종현,유진흥,허재균,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Most strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) now exhibit high-level resistance to various antibiotics, such as β -lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones. Recent reports describing the therapeutic failure of vancomycin for MRSA infections have arisen considerable concerns regarding the emergence of MRSA strains, which will require new therapeutic agents. Arbekacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is stable in the presence of aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by S. aureus. In this study, we compared the antibacterial activity of arbekacin with those of vancomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Methods : For a collection of 549 S. aureus and 251 CNS isolates from three Catholic University Hospitals in Korea, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of arbekacin, vancomycin, amikacin and gentamicin were determined by agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA)criteria. Results : Among 549 S. aureus isolates, 278 isolates were MRSA and 271 isolates were methicil sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). MIC50 & MIC90 of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus were 0.5 & 1 ㎍/mL, and MIC50 & MIC90 of vancomycin were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus isolates ranges from 0.03 to 4 ㎍/mL, and MIC of vancomycin against 549 S. aureus ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 549 S. aureus was 32㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/mL. MICs of amikacin and gentamicin were variable, ranging from 0.125 to 256, and otherwise arbekacin and vancomycin revealed relatively narrow range of MICs. MIC90 of arbekacin against 278 MRSA isolates & 271 MSSA were 1 & 0.5 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin against MRSA & MSSA were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 278 MRSA & 271 MSSA isolates were 32 & 4 ㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin against MRSA & MSSA isolates were 128 & 32 ㎍/mL respectively. Among 251 CNS isolates, 122 isolates were MRCNS and 129 were MSCNS. MICSO & MIC90 of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates were 0.25 & 2 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin were 1 & 2 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates ranges from 0.015 to 32 ㎍/mL, and that of vancomycin isolates ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL, MIC90 of arbekacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 2&0.3 ㎍/ML, and those of vancomycin were 2&s ㎍/ML. MIC90 of amikacin against 251 CNS isolates was 32 ㎍/ML, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/ML for CNS. MIC90 of amikacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 128 & 8㎍/mL, and those of gentamicin ere 256 & 32 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : Considering above results, arbekacin can be useful agent against most strains of MRSA and MRCMS, which exhibit high-level resistance to amikacin and gentamicin. (Korea J Infect Dis 33:254~260, 2001)

Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography for Detection of Cardiac Sources of Embolism in Stroke Patients

Hur, Jin,Kim, Young Jin,Lee, Hye-Jeong,Ha, Jong-Won,Heo, Ji Hoe,Choi, Eui-Young,Shim, Chi-Young,Kim, Tae Hoon,Nam, Ji Eun,Choe, Kyu Ok,Choi, Byoung Wook Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2009 Stroke Vol.40 No.6

<P>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We assessed the diagnostic performance of 2-phase 64-slice cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) for the detection of a cardiac source of embolism in stroke patients using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the reference standard. METHODS: We selected 137 patients who had experienced a recent episode of stroke and had undergone both 2-phase 64-slice CCTA and TEE within a period of 5 days. A potential cardiac source of embolism detected at both CCTA and TEE was recorded, and echocardiographic findings were categorized into high- and medium-risk sources based on the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification. RESULTS: Of 137 patients, 100 abnormal findings in 91 patients were found on TEE, and 46 patients had no abnormal finding on TEE. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the 64-slice CCTA for detecting cardiac sources of embolism were 89% (95% CI, 82%, 95%), 100% (95% CI, 90%, 100%), 100% (95% CI, 95%, 100%), and 81% (95% CI, 70%, 92%), respectively. TEE detected a total of 47 high-risk sources of embolism, whereas CT detected 44 lesions. For medium-risk sources of cardiac embolic stroke, TEE detected a total of 53 abnormal findings, whereas CT detected 44 abnormal findings. Of 53 lesions, there were 8 false-negative results on CT (5 patent foramen ovale and 3 atrial septal aneurysm). CONCLUSIONS: Two-phase 64-slice CCTA is a noninvasive and useful modality for detecting high-risk cardiac sources of embolism in stroke patients.</P>

SYNTHESIS OF POLY(CNMA-co-DOMA-co-AN) AND ITS PHOTOREACTIVITY

Hur, Jin-Hee,Lee, Dong-Won,Lee, Hwa-Soo,Park, Dae-Won 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

This study is related to the synthesis of photopolymer bearing pendant cinnamicester and cycllc carbonate groups by the addition reaction of poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-acrylonitrile) [poly(GMA-co-AN)] with carbon dioxide and then with cinnamoyl chloride. Quaternary ammonium salts showed good catalytic activity for the synthesis of [poly(CNMA-co-DOMA-co-AN)]. The conversion of poly(GMA-co-AN) increased with the increase of alkyl chain length and the nucleophilicity of counter anion of the quaternary salt. Photochemical relation experiments revealed that the photopolymer had good photosensitivity even in the absence of sensitizer.

The development of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ghost vaccine candidate by GI24 against post weaning piglet colibacillosis

Won Kyong Kim(Won Kyong Kim),Ja Yong Moon(Ja Yong Moon),Jeong Sang Cho(Jeong Sang Cho),Enkhsaikhan Ochirkhuyag(Enkhsaikhan Ochirkhuyag ),Jin Hur(Jin Hur) 한국예방수의학회 2018 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2018 No.-

Left atrial appendage thrombi in stroke patients: detection with two-phase cardiac CT angiography versus transesophageal echocardiography.

Hur, Jin,Kim, Young Jin,Lee, Hye-Jeong,Ha, Jong-Won,Heo, Ji Hoe,Choi, Eui-Young,Shim, Chi-Young,Kim, Tae Hoon,Nam, Ji Eun,Choe, Kyu Ok,Choi, Byoung Wook Radiological Society of North America 2009 Radiology Vol.251 No.3

<P>PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of two-phase 64-section cardiac computed tomographic (CT) angiography for detection of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombi and differentiation between thrombus and circulatory stasis in patients with stroke, with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was institutional review board approved, and all patients gave written informed consent. Fifty-five consecutive patients (36 men, 19 women; mean age, 61 years) who had recently experienced a stroke, had high-risk factors for thrombus formation, and underwent both two-phase 64-section cardiac CT angiography and TEE up to 5 days apart were examined. Agreement between CT and TEE for detection of thrombus was assessed with kappa statistics. For quantitative analysis, the LAA-ascending aorta attenuation ratio (LAA/AA, in Hounsfield units) was measured on early- and late-phase CT images. The significance of differences in CT attenuation measurements were assessed by using the Student t test. RESULTS: A total of 14 thrombi were detected in the 55 patients at TEE. With TEE as the reference standard, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of cardiac CT angiography for the detection of thrombus in the LAA were 100% (14 of 14 patients), 98% (40 of 41 patients), 93% (14 of 15 patients), and 100% (40 of 40 patients), respectively. Concordance between cardiac CT angiography and TEE for the detection of thrombus in the LAA was high (overall kappa = 0.953). Mean LAA/AA values were significantly different between thrombus (0.29 HU +/- 0.12 [standard deviation]) and circulatory stasis (0.85 HU +/- 0.12) on late-phase CT images (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Two-phase 64-section cardiac CT angiography is a noninvasive sensitive modality for detecting LAA thrombi and differentiating thrombus from circulatory stasis in stroke patients.</P>