Emergence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Strains as a Cause of Healthcare-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Korea

Park, Sun Hee,Park, Chulmin,Yoo, Jin-Hong,Choi, Su-Mi,Choi, Jung-Hyun,Shin, Hyun-Ho,Lee, Dong-Gun,Lee, Seungok,Kim, JaYoung,Choi, So Eun,Kwon, Young-Mi,Shin, Wan-Shik Cambridge University Press 2009 Vol.30 No.2

<B>Background.</B><P>The prevalence of community-associated methicillin-resistant<I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>(CA-MRSA) strains causing bloodstream infection (BSI) has not been studied in Korea.</P><B>Objective.</B><P>We sought to determine the prevalence of CA-MRSA strains among isolates recovered from patients with MRSA BSIs and to explore epidemiological changes in Korea. We also sought to evaluate clinical characteristics relevant to the development of healthcare-associated BSIs.</P><B>Methods.</B><P>We prospectively collected consecutive MRSA isolates from patients with BSI at 4 hospitals from July 1 through November 30, 2007, and we also included MRSA isolates recovered from culture of blood samples collected during a previous year (October 1, 2004 through September 30, 2005) at a different hospital. Molecular typing studies were performed, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing,<I>Staphylococcus</I>protein A (<I>spa</I>) typing, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome<I>mec</I>(SCC<I>mec</I>) typing. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with healthcare-associated BSI due to CA-MRSA strains with those of patients with healthcare-associated BSI due to healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains.</P><B>Results.</B><P>There were 76 cases of MRSA BSI, of which 4 (5.3%) were community-associated and 72 (94.7%) were healthcare-associated. Among the 72 HA-MRSA BSIs, 18 (25%) were community onset, and 54 (75%) were hospital onset. PFGE type D-ST72-<I>spa</I>B-SCC<I>mec</I>type IVA MRSA, the predominant genotype of CA-MRSA in Korea, accounted for 19 (25%) of all 76 MRSA BSIs, including 17 (23.6%) of 72 HA-MRSA BSIs and 11 (20.8%) of 53 hospital-onset HA-MRSA BSIs. Patients with healthcare-associated BSIs due to CA-MRSA strains carrying SCC<I>mec</I>type IVA tended to have fewer healthcare-associated risk factors, compared with patients with healthcare-associated BSIs due to HA-MRSA strains carrying other SCC<I>mec</I>types. The presence of a central venous catheter or other invasive device was the only independent factor differentiating patients infected with hospital-associated genotype strains from patients infected with other strains. Clinical outcomes were similar between both groups.</P><B>Conclusions.</B><P>CA-MRSA strains are emerging as a major cause of BSI in healthcare settings in Korea. This changing epidemiology of MRSA poses a challenge to public health and infection control in hospital settings.</P>

Induction of Inflammatory Responses in Mice Treated with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles by Intratracheal Instillation

Park, Eun-Jung,Cho, Wan-Seob,Jeong, Jayoung,Yi, Jong-heop,Choi, Kyunghee,Kim, Younghun,Park, Kwangsik The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Journal of Health Science Vol.56 No.4

<P>Cerium oxide nanoparticles have a high thermodynamic affinity for oxygen and sulfur, which makes them useful in applications such as catalysts, solar cells, and gas sensors. In this study, we investigated the effects of intratracheal instillation of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the inflammatory responses in mice. The number of neutrophils in bronchoaveolar lavage (BAL) fluids was significantly elevated on day 1 after instillation. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6, were also increased in BAL fluid and the cytokine increase initiated the differentiation of naive T cells, followed by the induction of Th1-type cytokines [IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ] and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10). The secretion of Th1-type cytokines was more dominant than that of Th2-type cytokines. The inflammatory responses were maintained for 28 days by a positive feedback stimulation of IFN-γ and IL-10. In the lung, the expression of inflammatory genes was increased in a time-dependent manner, and granuloma formation appeared on day 14 after instillation. This suggests that intratracheal instillation of cerium oxide nanoparticles causes a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and lung fibrosis in mice.</P>

A Rapid Review of the Use of Appropriate Technology in Global Health

Jayoung Park,Heesu Shin,Hee Joon Choi,Jongho Heo,Woong-Han Kim 적정기술학회 2021 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.7 No.2

The need for appropriate technology in global health has expanded dramatically as the gap between industrialized and developing countries continues to expand. However, there is no collective knowledge of appropriate technology in global health. Thus, this study intends to provide light on the latest developments in the field of appropriate technology in global health and to speculate on future directions. A rapid review, or simplified technique, was used to systematically identify and summarize emerging papers. The search technique used the keywords “global health” and “appropriate technology.” The total number of papers collected from PubMed and Scopus was 427, and 19 articles were thoroughly reviewed for the result section following the research. The study s conclusions included the following: 1) an assessment of appropriate technology adopted in developing countries; and 2) strategies for implementing appropriate technologies in global health. Additionally, we drew lessons and identified problems to serve as a useful guide for future research and development in appropriate technology. This review uncovered a small but valuable level of information about acceptable technology in global health.

3D 가상공간에서의 인상 형성 요소 : 3D 온라인 서비스 '세컨드 라이프'를 대상으로

김자영(Jayoung Kim),박주연(Jooyeon Park),한미지(Miji Han),이미선(Misun Lee),박수이(Sue Park) 한국HCI학회 2012 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

In this paper, we extract the factor of forming and impression in 3D virtual space, which has shown constant growth lately. To reach this goal, we conduct a user survey and in-depth interviews and then we identify 3D space features based on four e-impression dimension. We find that the Relational factor is great of the Amiable dimension, and the Representational factor represents a great share of the justifiable, Selfish, and Conservative dimension. 본 연구는 최근 지속적인 성장세를 보이고 있는 3D 기반의 SNS를 대상으로 인상 형성 요소를 추출하였다. 또한 사전연구에서 도출한 4개의 인상차원에 따른 각각의 인상 형성 요소들을 추출하였다. 이를 위해, 우선 사전 연구에서 도출한 3D 가상공간에서의 인상차원을 바탕으로 의도하는 인상, 지각하는 인상에 관한 사전 설문을 시행하였고 심층 인터뷰를 통해 데이터를 수집하였다. 수집된 데이터들은 근거 이론 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 'MF1.상냥하다'차원에서는 관계적 요소가 많은 비중을 차지하였으며, 'MF2.당당하다', 'MF3.이기적이다', 'MF4.보수적이다'차원에서는 대의적 요소의 비중이 높았다.

이천년 대 이후 중국노동자 문화현실과 담론연구 : 베이징 피춘의 사례를 중심으로

박자영(Jayoung Park) 한국중어중문학회 2019 中語中文學 Vol.- No.76

The article examines the aspects and meaning of the cultural practice of worker’s house (Gongyou zhijia) of Pi Village(Picun) in Beijing, focusing on how the status of Chinese workers is changing since 2000s and how cultural realities and discourse are organized and changing, Through the discussion of this article, I have stated that what the practice in Pi Village is done directly by new worker through the method of literary and artistic and that it is a practice that constitutes the commons. Above all, this is important in that it was done through discourse and practice that rejects the name “peasant who works and lives in city(Nongmingong)" given by the system and names themselves "new workers(Xingongren)." The practice of Pi Village expresses surrounding new workers are the industrial and service workers who are not peasants any more and urban workers who have the right to live, be educated and work in the city at the same time. This is a practice that reveals the problems of the uneven binary system that separates the city from the countryside, which defined them as peasants out of conformity with reality, while renaming themselves as new workers. In this regard, the case of Pi Village is a reality that takes issues with the rural-urban dichotomy. the social and historical level of China, the discourse and practice of Pi Village can be re-contextualized as revealing the problems of this uneven urban-rural binary system and carrying out the revising it directly. Through the practice of Pi Village, the relationship between urban and rural areas in China during the post-socialist period is being re-thought and re-established.

화훼산업 활성화를 위한 화훼단지 바이오필릭 디자인 연구 방안 - 바이오필릭 디자인 사례를 중심으로 -

박자영 ( Park Jayoung ),조택연 ( Cho Taigyoun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

(연구배경 및 목적) 화훼에 대한 소비자의 관심 및 국민소득 증가 등으로 부흥했던 과거 화훼산업의 모습은 현재 사람들의 인식 및 수출 감소 문제 등으로 하락세에 접어들었다. 또한, 과학 기술의 발달을 통해 사회의 모습이 달라지고 있는 현재, 사람들의 니즈가 달라지고 있으며 이에 새로운 라이프스타일을 제공할 수 있는 공간의 필요성이 두각 되고 있다. 이는 화훼산업에도 공간 방향성의 변화가 필요하며 본 논문에서는 하락세에 접어든 화훼산업을 화훼단지 내 공간으로써 활성화할 방안을 모색하고자 한다. (연구방법) 바이오필리아 디자인 개념을 통해 화훼산업 활성화 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 여기의 바이오필리아는 자연적 요소가 긍정적 영향을 끼친다는 개념이며 해당 요소와 신경미학의 미적인지에 대한 이론적 고찰을 진행하여 두 개념의 관계성 추출을 통해 긍정적 인식, 더 나아가 대중화 역할을 기대할 수 있는 근거를 파악하고자 한다. 추출된 디자인 요소는 공간 성격 별 건축의 분석틀로 조사되며 이때의 조사대상은 바이오필릭 디자인 적용된 건축물로 선정한다. (결과) 이론적 고찰과 바이오필릭 공간의 사례분석을 통해 디자인 필요요소가 도출되었으며 이는 화훼산업 문제들에 대한 개선점을 보완한다. 화훼산업 문제는 크게 두 가지로, 먼저 시설낙후화 문제는 자연 속 기하학 패턴 요소를 개선 방안으로 정의하며 건축 기하학 표현 특성 연구를 통해 기하학 디자인 패턴을 확립하였다. 또한, 단일화된 시설관리 문제에 대해서는 다양한 시설확보가 필요하며 화훼 선진사례의 바이오필릭 디자인 적용 분석을 통해 해당 항목의 재정의가 이루어졌다. (결론) 위의 연구를 통해 도출된 디자인 제안은 화훼산업의 대중화 유도와 문제점들의 보완 역할을 해 줄 것이다. 그러나, 바이오필릭 사례조사 중 타겟 공간이 직접적인 화훼단지가 아니라는 점에서 한계점을 가진다. 다만 대표적인 선진 화훼 사례들과 복합문화공간의 공간 성격이 높은 수치로 일치함을 보였다. 이를 통해 앞으로의 연구는 충분한 양의 사례 조사 확보 및 바이오필릭 디자인의 긍정적 상호 영향성을 분석해 더 성공적인 화훼단지 및 화훼산업 계획 방안을 기획해 볼 필요성이 있다. (Background and Purpose) The appearance of the flower industry in the past, which was revitalized by consumers' interest in flowers and the increase in national income, has entered a downward trend due to current people's awareness and export decline. In addition, now that the appearance of society is changing through the development of science and technology, the needs of people are changing, and the necessity of a space that can provide a new lifestyle is emerging. This requires a change in the spatial direction of the flower industry, and in this paper, we seek to find a way to revitalize the flower industry, which has entered a downtrend, as a space within the flower complex. (Method) Through the concept of biophilia design, we are trying to find ways to revitalize the flower industry. Biophilia here is a concept that natural factors have a positive effect, and a theoretical review on the aesthetics of the factors and neuroaesthetics is conducted, and a positive recognition through the extraction of the relationship between the two concepts, furthermore, the basis for expecting a role of popularization I want to grasp. The extracted design elements are investigated as an analysis frame for architecture by spatial characteristics, and the subject of this investigation is selected as a biophilic design applied building. (Results) Through the theoretical consideration and case analysis of the biophilic complex cultural space, the necessary elements for design were derived, which complements the improvement points for the flower industry problems. There are two major problems in the flower industry. First, the problem of facility obsolescence defines geometric pattern elements in nature as an improvement plan, and establishes a geometric design pattern through a study of architectural geometric expression characteristics. In addition, for the problem of unified facility management, various facilities need to be secured, and the relevant items were redefined through analysis of the application of biophilic design of advanced flower cases. (Conclusions) The design proposal derived through the above research will induce popularization of the flower industry and complement the problems. However, it has a limitation in that the target space is not a direct flower garden during the biophilic case study. However, it was shown that the representative cases of advanced flowers and the spatial nature of the complex cultural space coincide with a high number. Through this, there is a need for future research to secure a sufficient amount of case studies and to plan a more successful flower complex and flower industry planning plan by analyzing the positive mutual impact of biophilic design.

동서양 문화권에 따른 지각적 인상 형성 요소 : 3D 온라인 서비스 '세컨드 라이프'를 대상으로

김자영(Jayoung Kim),박주연(Jooyeon Park),한미지(Miji Han),이미선(Misun Lee),박수이(Sue Park) 한국HCI학회 2012 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

본 연구는 최근 지속적인 성장세를 보이고 있는 3D 기반의 SNS를 대상으로 동서양 문화권에 따른 지각적 인상 형성 요소를 도출하였다. 연구 대상은 동양 문화권인 한국인, 일본인과 서양 문화권인 미국인, 캐나다인을 선정하였다. 각 문화권의 참가자들에게 지각하는 인상에 관한 심층인터뷰를 시행하였으며, 이를 통해 수집된 데이터들은 Ground theory 방법을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 동양 문화권의 참가자들이 서양 문화권의 참가자들에 비해 정황적 요소와 관계적 요소를 더 많이 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. In this paper, we extract the factors of impression formation of Eastern and Western cultures in 3D virtual space, which has shown constant growth lately. We select participants from two different kinds of cultural backgrounds- in Eastern (Korea, Japan) and in Western (North America). We conduct in-depth interview with participants and then we analyze data collected from In-depth interview using Ground theory. As result of analysis, the more participants in Eastern perceived contextual factors and relational factors than in Western.

온라인 공간에서의 목표인상차원과 문화의 관계 : 3D 온라인 서비스'세컨드 라이프'를 대상으로

김자영(Kim Jayoung),이미선(Lee Misun),박주연(Park Jooyeon),한미지(Han Miji),박수이(Park Sue) 한국디지털디자인학회 2011 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.11 No.3

최근 온라인 공간에서의 대인관계가 활발해 짐에 따라 상대방에게 전달되는 자신의 인상에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 특별히 3D 기반의 대인관계가 형성되는 서비스를 대상으로 온라인 공간에서 사용자가 지향하는 목표 인상차원과 개인 차원의 문화차원의 관계를 규명하고 문화차원에 따른 목표 인상 차원을 규명하는 것으로 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 1) 3D 공간에서의 인상차원을 추출하였고 2) 이를 바탕으로 목표 인상과 문화차원 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 3) 또한 앞선 결과에서 유의미한 문화차원과 목표 인상 차원간의 관계를 분석하였다. 우선 3D 기반의 인상 차원을 추출하기 위하여 인상 어휘를 수집하고 이들에 대한 적절성 평가를 사용자설문과 전문가 집단을 통해 진행하여 인상 차원을 도출하였다. 또한 다양한 문화 성향의 사용자를 대상으로 하기 위하여 한국 일본 미국의 3D 기반의 세컨드 라이프 사용자를 모집하였다. 이들을 대상으로 목표 인상 차원과 문화 차원에 대한 설문을 진행하였다. 분석 결과 3D 기반의 인상차원은 16개 인상어휘로 구성된 4개 차원이 도출되었다: MF1.상냥하다 MF2.당당하다 MF3.이기적이다 MF4.보수적이다. 이들 4개 목표 인상차원과 홉스테드(Hofstede)의 5개의 문화차원간의 관계를 분석한 결과 MF3.이기적이다 인상차원과 불확실성 회피성향의 문화 차원이 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 불확실성이 낮을수록 MF3.이기적이다 인상을 더 추구하는 것으로 나타났다. According to active social relations users have recently focused more attention on the impression they make on others. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between targeted e-impression and culture in order to clarify how differences in targeted e-impression dimensions rely on cultural dimensions. This study 1) extracted e-impression dimensions in a three-dimensional virtual space and 2) analyzed the relationship between the e-impression dimensions and culture dimensions. Impression adjectives were collected and evaluated to extract e-impression dimensions in the three-dimensional online space. A user survey was then conducted focusing on e-impression and cultural dimensions. Four dimensions (consisting of 16 adjectives) were extracted: MF1. cheerful MF2. justifiable MF3. selfish and MF4. conservative. According to the analysis of the correlation between the e-impression dimensions and the four cultural dimensions MF3. selfish correlated with uncertainty avoidance. Thus users with higher uncertainty avoidance seek a more selfish e-impression dimension than those with lower uncertainty avoidance.

비전공자를 위한 SW·AI 교양 교육과정 개발 연구 – P 대학교 사례를 중심으로 –

박미현(Mihyun Park),양자영(Jayoung Yang),문경희(Kyonghi Moon),김은정(Eunjung Kim),박성호(Seongho Park) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2021 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.24 No.2

P 대학은 ‘SW 중심대학’ 사업 1기를 마치고, 후속 사업으로 컴퓨팅 사고력 기반의 SW·AI 교육과정을 새롭게 개편하였다. 비전공자 대상 SW·AI 교육의 효과성을 높이는 방안으로 첫째, 1학기에 ‘컴퓨팅 사고와 인공지능’을, 2학기에 ‘기초컴퓨터 프로그래밍’과목을 나누어 이수토록 함으로써 SW·AI 기초 역량을 충분히 다지도록 하였다. 둘째, 플립 러닝(Flipped learning) 수업 운영을 통해 학습자들이 충분한 학습 시간을 확보하게 하였다. 셋째, ‘컴퓨팅 사고와 인공지능’ 수업을 인문·사회·예체능 트랙과 이공계열 트랙으로 나누어 전공에 따른 난이도와 학습량을 조절하였다. 넷째, 1학기 교육과정을 컴퓨팅 사고 역량과 인공지능 역량으로 나누어 구성함으로써 비전공자들이 거부감 없이 단계적으로 인공지능 개념을 배우도록 하였다. 이에 본 논문은 비전공자 대상의 P 대학 인문·사회·예체능 계열 SW·AI 교육과정을 공개함으로써, SW·AI 교육의 방향을 제시하고 비전공자나 일반인을 대상으로 하는 인공지능 교육 방안을 모색하는 교수자들에게 구체적이고 실질적인 도움을 제공하고자 한다. As completing the first term of ‘SW-oriented university’ project, P university reorganized SW·AI curriculum based on computational thinking skills as a follow-up. To enhance efficiency of SW·AI education for non-majors, first, ‘Computational Thinking and Artificial Intelligence’ was taken at the first semester and ‘Basic Computer Programming’ at the second, to improve SW·AI basic capacity. Second, flip learning class operation ensured learners to have enough learning time. Third, ‘Computing Thinking and Artificial Intelligence’ class was divided into humanities·social studies·art·physical education tracks and science·engineering tracks to control difficulties and learning volume of the major. Fourth, the first semester course was divided into computational thinking and artificial intelligence capacity so that non-majors can learn the concept without repulsion. The paper is to provide specific practice for professors seeking AI education for non-majors or the public by disclosing SW·AI curriculum of P university.

Prenatal development toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats

Hong, Jeong-Sup,Park, Myeong-Kyu,Kim, Min-Seok,Lim, Jeong-Hyeon,Park, Gil-Jong,Maeng, Eun-Ho,Shin, Jae-Ho,Kim, Meyoung-Kon,Jeong, Jayoung,Park, Jin-A,Kim, Jong-Choon,Shin, Ho-Chul Dove Medical Press 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.9 No.2

<P>This study investigated the potential adverse effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles ([ZnO<SUP>SM20(+)</SUP> NPs] zinc oxide nanoparticles, positively charged, 20 nm) on pregnant dams and embryo–fetal development after maternal exposure over the period of gestational days 5–19 with Sprague-Dawley rats. ZnO<SUP>SM20(+)</SUP> NPs were administered to pregnant rats by gavage at 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to a cesarean section on gestational day 20, and all of the fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Toxicity in the dams manifested as significantly decreased body weight after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs; reduced food consumption after administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day NPs; and decreased liver weight and increased adrenal glands weight after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs. However, no treatment-related difference in: number of corpora lutea; number of implantation sites; implantation rate (%); resorption; dead fetuses; litter size; fetal deaths and placental weights; and sex ratio were observed between the groups. On the other hand, significant decreases between treatment groups and controls were seen for fetal weights after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs. Morphological examinations of the fetuses demonstrated significant differences in incidences of abnormalities in the group administered 400mg/kg/day. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the Zn content of fetal tissue between the control and high-dose groups. These results showed that oral doses for the study with 15-days repeated of ZnO<SUP>SM20(+)</SUP> NPs were maternotoxic in the 200 mg/kg/day group, and embryotoxic in the 400 mg/kg/day group.</P>