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Role of Rho-kinase in regulation of insulin action and glucose homeostasis
Furukawa, Noboru,Ongusaha, Pat,Jahng, Wan Jin,Araki, Kazushi,Choi, Cheol Soo,Kim, Hyo-Jeong,Lee, Yong Hee,Kaibuchi, Kozo,Kahn, Barbara B.,Masuzaki, Hiroaki,Kim, Jason K.,Lee, Sam W.,Kim, Young-Bum Elsevier 2005 Cell metabolism Vol.2 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Accumulating evidence indicates an important role for serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in the regulation of insulin action. Recent studies suggest that Rho-kinase (ROK) is a mediator of insulin signaling, via interaction with IRS-1. Here we show that insulin stimulation of glucose transport is impaired when ROK is chemically or biologically inhibited in cultured adipocytes and myotubes and in isolated soleus muscle ex vivo. Inactivation of ROK also reduces insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI3K activity. Moreover, inhibition of ROK activity in mice causes insulin resistance by reducing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in vivo. Mass spectrometry analysis identifies IRS-1 Ser632/635 as substrates of ROK in vitro, and mutation of these sites inhibits insulin signaling. These results strongly suggest that ROK regulates insulin-stimulated glucose transport in vitro and in vivo. Thus, ROK is an important regulator of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.</P>
EZH2 Generates a Methyl Degron that Is Recognized by the DCAF1/DDB1/CUL4 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex
Lee, J.,Lee, Jason S.,Kim, H.,Kim, K.,Park, H.,Kim, J.Y.,Lee, S.,Kim, I.,Kim, J.,Lee, M.,Chung, C.,Seo, S.B.,Yoon, J.B.,Ko, E.,Noh, D.Y.,Kim, K.,Kim, K.,Baek, S. Cell Press 2012 Molecular cell Vol.48 No.4
Ubiquitination plays a major role in protein degradation. Although phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination is well known for the regulation of protein stability, methylation-dependent ubiquitination machinery has not been characterized. Here, we provide evidence that methylation-dependent ubiquitination is carried out by damage-specific DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1)/cullin4 (CUL4) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and a DDB1-CUL4-associated factor 1 (DCAF1) adaptor, which recognizes monomethylated substrates. Molecular modeling and binding affinity studies reveal that the putative chromo domain of DCAF1 directly recognizes monomethylated substrates, whereas critical binding pocket mutations of the DCAF1 chromo domain ablated the binding from the monomethylated substrates. Further, we discovered that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) methyltransferase has distinct substrate specificities for histone H3K27 and nonhistones exemplified by an orphan nuclear receptor, RORα. We propose that EZH2-DCAF1/DDB1/CUL4 represents a previously unrecognized methylation-dependent ubiquitination machinery specifically recognizing ''methyl degron''; through this, nonhistone protein stability can be dynamically regulated in a methylation-dependent manner.
Improvement of Optical 3D Scanner Performance Using Atomization-Based Spray Coating
Valinasab, Behzad,Rukosuyev, Maxym,Lee, Jason,Ko, Junghyuk,Jun, Martin B.G. The Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Eng 2015 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.24 No.1
The scanning quality can be influenced by reflective abilities of a surface. Transparency and glossiness of a surface can highly limit the scanning results. Various techniques have been developed to solve problems of reflective and transparent surfaces. As one of the most feasible and convenient solutions, a thin layer of coating with proper specifications is sprayed on surface for eliminating the problems of the surfaces. As the main goal is to keep the object geometry unchanged, then it is important to coat the surface with layers less than one micrometer in thickness. For this purpose, a newly designed atomization-based spray system has been developed and tested in sets of experiments to study its efficiency on scanning results while objects with the surface are in use. This paper presents the spray design process and then studies and compares the 3D scanning results of the surfaces coated with atomization-based and aerosol sprays.
Ko, Junghyuk,Jun, Seungwon,Lee, Jason Keonhag,Lee, Patrick C.,Jun, Martin B.G. The Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Eng 2015 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.24 No.2
The 14k, 45k, and 70k Mw PCL have different crystallization temperatures and therefore have slightly different characteristics affecting the fiber diameter. To observe these behaviors, the fiber was produced at every step of $10^{\circ}C$ for each molecular weights and the diameter was measured. Moreover, the fiber was fabricated over the cooled ground plate to observe the change in fiber diameter in comparison to the normal ground plate. In case of molecular Mw 14k PCL, the diameter increased as the temperature increased. For Mw 45k PCL, the fiber diameter decreased as the temperature increased. As of Mw 70k PCL, the fiber diameter decreased with increasing temperature as well. When the experiment was conducted over the cooled collector plate, the data did not change significantly from the previous lexperiments.
Identifying precursors and aqueous organic aerosol formation pathways during the SOAS campaign
Sareen, Neha,Carlton, Annmarie G.,Surratt, Jason D.,Gold, Avram,Lee, Ben,Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.,Mohr, Claudia,Thornton, Joel A.,Zhang, Zhenfa,Lim, Yong B.,Turpin, Barbara J. Copernicus GmbH 2016 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.16 No.22
<P>Abstract. Aqueous multiphase chemistry in the atmosphere can lead to rapid transformation of organic compounds, forming highly oxidized, low-volatility organic aerosol and, in some cases, light-absorbing (brown) carbon. Because liquid water is globally abundant, this chemistry could substantially impact climate, air quality, and health. Gas-phase precursors released from biogenic and anthropogenic sources are oxidized and fragmented, forming water-soluble gases that can undergo reactions in the aqueous phase (in clouds, fogs, and wet aerosols), leading to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOAAQ). Recent studies have highlighted the role of certain precursors like glyoxal, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde, acetic acid, acetone, and epoxides in the formation of SOAAQ. The goal of this work is to identify additional precursors and products that may be atmospherically important. In this study, ambient mixtures of water-soluble gases were scrubbed from the atmosphere into water at Brent, Alabama, during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS). Hydroxyl (OH⚫) radical oxidation experiments were conducted with the aqueous mixtures collected from SOAS to better understand the formation of SOA through gas-phase followed by aqueous-phase chemistry. Total aqueous-phase organic carbon concentrations for these mixtures ranged from 92 to 179 µM-C, relevant for cloud and fog waters. Aqueous OH-reactive compounds were primarily observed as odd ions in the positive ion mode by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Ultra high-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) spectra and tandem MS (MS-MS) fragmentation of these ions were consistent with the presence of carbonyls and tetrols. Products were observed in the negative ion mode and included pyruvate and oxalate, which were confirmed by ion chromatography. Pyruvate and oxalate have been found in the particle phase in many locations (as salts and complexes). Thus, formation of pyruvate/oxalate suggests the potential for aqueous processing of these ambient mixtures to form SOAAQ. </P>
Kim, Miju,Yeo, Seon Ju,Highley, Christopher B.,Burdick, Jason A.,Yoo, Pil J.,Doh, Junsang,Lee, Daeyeon American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.8
<P>Polyelectrolyte microcapsules represent versatile stimuli-responsive structures that enable the encapsulation, protection, and release of active agents. Their conventional preparation methods, however, tend to be time-consuming, yield low encapsulation efficiency, and seldom allow for the dual incorporation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials, limiting their widespread utilization. In this work, we present a method to fabricate stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte microcapsules in one step based on nanoscale interfacial complexation in emulsions (NICE) followed by spontaneous droplet hatching. NICE microcapsules can incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and also can be induced to trigger the release of encapsulated materials by changes in the solution pH or ionic strength. We also show that NICE microcapsules can be functionalized with nanomaterials to exhibit useful functionality, such as response to a magnetic field and disassembly in response to light. NICE represents a potentially transformative method to prepare multifunctional nanoengineered polyelectrolyte microcapsules for various applications such as drug delivery and cell mimicry.</P>