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Kim, J. H.,Shim, K. B.,Shin, S. B.,Park, K.,Oh, E. G.,Son, K. T.,Yu, H.,Lee, H. J.,Mok, J. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.24 No.36
<P>Levels of Escherichia coli and male-specific bacteriophages (MSBs) were determined in the filter feeders obtained from retail markets, commercial farms, and wild beds in Korea. The accumulation and elimination of E. coli and MSBs were compared between ascidians and bivalves (oysters and mussels) during relaying and depuration. E. coli concentrations in ascidians from retail markets ranged between < 20 and 460 most probable number/100 g while MSBs were not detected. E. coli levels in bivalves from commercial farms and wild beds were not significantly different but bacterial levels in ascidians were consistently lower. Ascidians exhibited much lower ability than bivalves to accumulate E. coli and MSBs during relaying in a polluted coastal area. This study also shows that an equilibrium was developed between levels of microbes in water and ascidians and shellfish during relaying. E. coli and MSBs in ascidians decreased quickly during depuration in a clean seawater tank. However, after 1 day, E. coli in bivalves decreased by only 1.1-1.6 logs, and the elimination of MSBs was negligible. Therefore, depuration is an effective means to reduce the health risk of contaminated ascidians.</P>
고란영 ( R. Y. Ko ),장두일 ( D. I. Jang ),좌은진 ( E. J. Jwa ),이상백 ( S. B. Lee ),목영선 ( Y. S. Mok ) 한국공업화학회 2011 응용화학 Vol.15 No.1
This paper focuses on the sterilization of Escherichia coli (E. coli) by using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The death rate of E. coli was evaluated by changing the electric power and treatment time under various conditions, i.e., with ultraviolet alone, with ozonation alone, and with ultraviolet plus ozonation.
金東浩,金武源,睦楨銀,梁文浩 中央醫學社 1972 中央醫學 Vol.23 No.6
Achondrodystrophia fetalis is a congenital anomaly which may be contributed to an excessive amount of cartilage at the end of long bone and an abnormality of the osteochondral junction. The incidence is very rare and its definitive cause is unknown yet. Recently we have experienced a case of achondrodystrophia fetalis and was reviewed briefly.
Kim, J.E.,Yoon, S.,Mok, H.,Jung, W.,Kim, D.E. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 FEBS letters Vol.586 No.21
RNA-cleaving DNAzymes were constructed to target the point mutation in the BCR-ABL transcript that causes imatinib resistance in leukemic cells. We examined the effect of 12mer peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as facilitator oligonucleotides that bind to RNA substrate at the termini of the DNAzyme to improve DNAzyme-mediated cleavage of full-length RNA. When imatinib-resistant cells were transfected with the facilitator PNA and DNAzyme, DNAzyme activity was enhanced and the cells were sensitized to imatinib treatment. Thus, facilitator PNA may be used to enhance activity of antisense oligonucleotide targeting the full-length transcript.
Lee, E.,Jang, H.E.,Kang, Y.Y.,Kim, J.,Ahn, J.H.,Mok, H. Elsevier BV 2016 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol.29 No.-
Despite the emerging evidences supporting the potential of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) as a vaccine adjuvant, few properly designed micro-/nanocarriers for the delivery of cyclic dinucleotides have been developed. In this study, we formulated cGAMP within linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI)/hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels via inverse water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion/crosslinking. Spherical and cationic LPEI/HA hydrogels (LH gels) with a size of 455.3+/-3.1nm and a surface charge of 48.7+/-3.7mV were selectively and efficiently delivered into phagocytic macrophage cells, which are one type of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), but not into non-phagocytic fibroblast cells. LH gels incorporating cGAMP (LH/cGAMP gels) elicited excellent induction of the cytokines interferon-β (IFN-β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In particular, the amount of IFN-β released by LH hydrogels was significantly increased by 2.5-fold compared to that released by conventional cationic liposomes, such as Lipofectamine. In addition, fabricated LH gels showed superior biocompatibility in phagocytic cell lines and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). After intramuscular injection with ovalbumin into C57BL/6 mice, LH/cGAMP gels exhibited significantly elevated levels of anti-ovalbumin total IgG in serum and IFN-β mRNA in spleens. Thus, the newly designed cGAMP-incorporating hydrogels can serve as safe and potent adjuvants for vaccination and immunotherapy. Statement of significance: Since cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) was first found as a second messenger of immune signaling in human systems in February 2013 (Science, 15, 826), several scientific studies have been reported related to the potential of cGAMP as a vaccine adjuvant or additive for immunotherapy. However, only naked cGAMP without carriers were studied via intramuscular or intranasal administration so far. In our study, we first investigated the feasibility of polymeric hydrogels incorporating cGAMP in terms of selective uptake into phagocytic antigen presenting cells (APCs), induction of cytokines, production of target antibodies, and biocompatibility for vaccination and immunotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we believe this manuscript would be of great interest to the biomaterial communities especially who are studying immunotherapy.