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임홍섭,유봉환,공재향,김홍원 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.1
In order to investigate the characteristics of diamond wheel grinding of ceramic materials, grinding resistance, surface roughness of ground surface and image of grinding wheel were acquired wing experimental method. Through the experiments, this makes it possible to observe grinding wheel behavior by grinding resistance, surface roughness and cutting edge ratio. In case of Al₂O₃ cutting edge ratio is bigger than that of ZrO₂ and Si₃N₄. That's because Al₂O₃has a characteristic of low fracture toughness and bending stress.
Interfacial Reactions in Ni/6H-SiC at Low Temperatures
Lim, Suhee,Oh, Jin-Soo,Kwon, Yena,An, Byeong-Seon,Bae, Jee-Hwan,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Park, Min-Ho,Kim, Hyoung-Sub,Yang, Cheol-Woong American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.10
<P>We report the reaction between thin Ni films and 6H-SiC substrates at relatively low temperatures (<550 degrees C) and the diffusion behavior of carbon during silicide formation. The phase transformation and distribution of chemical constituents were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. About 60 nm of Ni was deposited on 6H-SiC using an e-beam evaporator, and samples were then annealed using a rapid thermal annealing process. In a Ni/SiC sample annealed at 450 degrees C, while there are no Ni-silicides present, a graphite inter layer is formed between the SiC substrate and Ni. In addition, Si is released by SiC decomposition diffusing to the Ni layer to form a Ni(Si) solid solution. As the annealing temperature increases to 550 degrees C, a phase transformation begins, with the Ni-silicides going from Ni3Si to Ni31Si12 and N2Si over time. At the very beginning of the Ni/SiC reaction, carbon atoms liberated from SiC diffuse through un-reacted polycrystalline Ni towards the external surface and form a graphite layer. During the silicidation reaction, carbon atoms (a decomposition product formed after the Ni/SiC reaction) are distributed inside the silicide layer and precipitate in the form of graphite.</P>
( Chang Hwan Lee ),( Kyung Il Kim ),( Jeong Sub Lim ),( Yoon Hyoung Lee ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2015 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.16 No.2
Language analysis methodologies such as LIWC and KLIWC, its Korean version, have been used widely in psychology and other social sciences. Given this context, this review aims to overview previous psychological findings based on the language analysis methodologies and compare findings deriving from LWIC and KLIWC. More specifically, this review examines important results in clinical psychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology, cognitive psychology, and other social sciences. Further, this review evaluates major debates regarding the language analysis methodologies and provides a possible future direction for using the methodologies in the cognitive science field.
Diversity of Fungal Endophytes in Various Tissues of Panax ginseng Meyer Cultivated in Korea
Young-Hwan Park,Soon-Gu Lee,Doek Jong Ahn,Tae Ryong Kwon,Sang Un Park,Hyoun-Sub Lim,Hanhong Bae 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.2
Endophytic fungi were isolated from various tissues (root, stem, petiole, leaf, and fl ower stalk) of 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in Korea. The isolated endophytic fungi were identifi ed based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 1-5.8-ITS 2. A morphological characterization was also conducted using microscopic observations. According to the identification, 127 fungal isolates were assigned to 27 taxa. The genera of Phoma, Alternaria and Colletotrichum were the most frequent isolates, followed by Fusarium, Entrophospora and Xylaria. Although 19 of the 27 taxa were identifi ed at the species level, the remainder were classifi ed at the genus level (6 isolates), phylum level (Ascomycota, 1 isolate), and unknown fungal species (1 isolate). Endophytic fungi of 13 and 19 species were isolated from 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants, respectively, and Phoma radicina and Fusarium solani were the most frequently isolated species colonizing the tissues of the 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants, respectively. The colonization frequency (CF%) was dependant on the age and tissue examined: the CFs of the roots and stems in the 3-year-old ginseng were higher than the CF of tissues in the 4-year-old plants. In contrast, higher CFs were observed in the leaves and petioles of 4-year-old plants, and endophytic fungi in the fl ower stalks were only detected in the 4-year-old plants. In conclusion, we detected diverse endophytic fungi in ginseng plants, which were distributed differently depending on the age and tissue examined.
Age-dependent Distribution of Fungal Endophytes in Panax ginseng Roots Cultivated in Korea
Young-Hwan Park,Young-Chang Kim,Sang Un Park,Hyoun-Sub Lim,Joon Bum Kim,Byoung-Kwan Cho,Hanhong Bae 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.3
Fungal endophytes were isolated from 1-,2-, 3- and 4- year-old ginseng roots(Panax ginseng Meyer) cultlivated in Korea. The isolated fungal endophytes were identified based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and morphological characterization by microscopic observations. A total of 81 fungal endophytes were isolated from 24 ginseng roots. Fungal endophytes were classified into 9 different fungal species and 2 unknown species. Ginseng roots that were 1.-2,-3-, and 4- years old were colonized by 2, 6, 8 and 5 species of fungal endophytes, respectively. While Phoma radicina was the most frequent fungal endophyte in 2,-3- and 4- years old ginseng roots, Fusarium solani was the dominant endophyte in 1-year-old ginseng roots. The colonization frequencies (CF) varied with the host age. The CF were 12%, 40%, 31% and 40% for 1.-2,-3-, and 4- years old ginseng roots, respectively. We found a variety of fungal endophytes that were distributed depending on the age of ginseng plants.
Aggressive surgical resection for concomitant liver and lung metastasis in colorectal cancer
Sung Hwan Lee,Sung Hyun Kim,Jin Hong Lim,Sung Hoon Kim,Jin Gu Lee,Dae Joon Kim,Gi Hong Choi,Jin Sub Choi,Kyung Sik Kim 한국간담췌외과학회 2016 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.20 No.3
Backgrounds/Aims: Aggressive surgical resection for hepatic metastasis is validated, however, concomitant liver and lung metastasis in colorectal cancer patients is equivocal. Methods: Clinicopathologic data from January 2008 through December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed in 234 patients with colorectal cancer with concomitant liver and lung metastasis. Clinicopathologic factors and survival data were analyzed. Results: Of the 234 patients, 129 (55.1%) had synchronous concomitant liver and lung metastasis from colorectal cancer and 36 (15.4%) had metachronous metastasis. Surgical resection was performed in 33 patients (25.6%) with synchronous and 6 (16.7%) with metachronous metastasis. Surgical resection showed better overall survival in both groups (synchronous, p=0.001; metachronous, p=0.028). In the synchronous metastatic group, complete resection of both liver and lung metastatic lesions had better survival outcomes than incomplete resection of two metastatic lesions (p=0.037). The primary site of colorectal cancer and complete resection were significant prognostic factors (p=0.06 and p=0.003, respectively). Conclusions: Surgical resection for hepatic and pulmonary metastasis in colorectal cancer can improve complete remission and survival rate in resectable cases. Colorectal cancer with concomitant liver and lung metastasis is not a poor prognostic factor or a contraindication for surgical treatments, hence, an aggressive surgical approach may be recommended in well-selected resectable cases.