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1
Correlation between anterior thigh pain and morphometric mismatch of femoral stem

( Haksun Chung ),( So Hak Chung ) 영남대학교 의과대학 2020 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.37 No.1
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Background: Postoperative pain occurring after hip arthroplasty has become common since the expanded use of cementless femoral stems. The characteristic pain develop in the anterolateral thigh area. This study aimed to predict anterior thigh pain based on the measurements of postoperative anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (Lat) radiographs of the hip joint. Methods: The present study included 26 patients (29 hips) who underwent total hip replacement or bipolar hemiarthroplasty between March 2010 and May 2016, whose complete clinical information was available. AP and Lat radiographs of the affected hip were taken on the day of surgery and 1 and 6 months postoperatively. Patients with improper radiographs were excluded. The distance from the femoral stem to the nearest cortical bone in the distal region of the stem was measured. The patient group with a visual analog scale (VAS) score of ≥6 points was designated as patients with anterior thigh pain. Results: Sex, age, weight, height, body mass index, and bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femur did not have a significant effect on postoperative VAS scores (p>0.05). Presence of contact between the femoral stem and cortical bone was associated with postoperative anterior thigh pain. Conclusion: Hip AP and Lat radiographs are usually taken to confirm fixation and alignment of the femoral stem after hip arthroplasty. The measurement method introduced in this study can be utilized for predicting anterior thigh pain after hip arthroplasty.
2
Study on Tunnel Oxide Degradation by Metal Pad Etch-Induced Plasma Damage in 0.04 μm Flash Memory Technology

Jeongyun Lee,Wanjae Park,Haksun Lee,Tokasiki Ken,Dong Hwan Kim,Kyoungsub Shin,Ilsub Chung 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.1
The distortion of the capacitance-voltage curve and the threshold voltage change caused by tunnel oxide degradation in connection with metal pad etch-induced plasma damage was investigated in 0.04 μm flash memory technology. The metal pad etch, as a final plasma process of IC fabrication contain cumulative plasma process-induced damage (P2ID). However, no metal pad etch-induced plasma damage, such as gate threshold voltage (Vth) change and hot temperature stress, has yet been reported because it is difficult to accurately analyze regardless of the previous processes. Therefore, to clearly analyze the P2ID on a metal pad, test element group (TEG) module to measure the interface traps (Nit) with a charge-pumping method and a simple-plasma-damage-monitor (SPDM) created to replace CHARM2. Consequently, we showed that the P2ID was correlated with the position of the chips or the etch rate uniformity map as a result of the plasma non-uniformity in each plasma etcher and the plasma condition. The distortion of the capacitance-voltage curve and the threshold voltage change caused by tunnel oxide degradation in connection with metal pad etch-induced plasma damage was investigated in 0.04 μm flash memory technology. The metal pad etch, as a final plasma process of IC fabrication contain cumulative plasma process-induced damage (P2ID). However, no metal pad etch-induced plasma damage, such as gate threshold voltage (Vth) change and hot temperature stress, has yet been reported because it is difficult to accurately analyze regardless of the previous processes. Therefore, to clearly analyze the P2ID on a metal pad, test element group (TEG) module to measure the interface traps (Nit) with a charge-pumping method and a simple-plasma-damage-monitor (SPDM) created to replace CHARM2. Consequently, we showed that the P2ID was correlated with the position of the chips or the etch rate uniformity map as a result of the plasma non-uniformity in each plasma etcher and the plasma condition.
3
초음파를 이용한 요추부 내측 분지 차단술 시 부위별 바늘 삽입 각도 및 깊이 계측

김창수(Changsu Kim),심대무(Daemoo Shim),이석중(Seokjoong Lee),우영하(Youngha Woo),백사무엘(Samuel Baek),정학순(Haksun Chung) 대한정형외과학회 2018 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.53 No.4
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목적: 초음파를 통한 요추부 내측 분지 차단술 시 초음파 기기의 탐촉자를 이용하여 바늘 삽입점의 지표를 설정한 후 부위별 주사침의 각도, 깊이를 계측한 후 자기공명영상 결과와 비교하여 정확성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2015년 1월에서 2016년 6월까지 요추부 통증을 주소로 내원하여 초음파를 이용한 내측 분지 차단술 후 호전있는 환자 중 최근 3개월 이내에 요추부 자기공명영상 검사를 시행받은 80명을 대상으로 하였다(남자 39명, 여자 41명, 평균 연령 63.3세). 각 부위별(제2-3요추에서 제5요추-제1천추까지, 해당 후관절의 위, 아래 분절) 초음파 기기의 탐촉자의 중앙이 극돌기에 오도록 위치시킨 뒤 탐촉자의 양 끝점에서 1 cm 떨어진 지점에서 주사침을 삽입하였고 각 목표점에 닿았을 때의 극돌기와 주사침이 이루는 각도 및 깊이를 측정하였다. 각 해당값이 정규 분포를 이루는지 여부를 평가하였으며 내측 분지 차단술 시 부위별로 계측한 깊이 및 각도와 자기공명영상 계측값이 통계적으로 유의한 일치를 보이는지 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 초음파를 이용한 후관절의 내측 분지 차단술에서 부위별 길이(mm) 차의 평균값은 제2요추(7예) 1.28±1.07 mm, 제3요추(25예) 1.27±4.26 mm, 제4요추(93예) 1.63±5.89 mm, 제5요추(141예) 1.99±4.12 mm, 제1천추(66예) 1.51±3.87 mm로 측정되었으며 부위별 삽입각(°) 차의 평균값은 제2요추 1.69°±1.34°, 제3요추 2.03°±5.35°, 제4요추 1.49°±3.42°, 제5요추 -1.55°±3.67°, 제1천추 1.86°±4.83°로 측정되었으며 이는 각 부위별로 정규 분포를 따랐으나(p>0.05) 유의한 차이 없이 통계적으로 일치함을 보였다(p>0.05). 결론: 자기공명영상 촬영을 시행한 환자의 경우 각 환자별로 의료 영상 저장 전송 시스템(picture archiving and communication system)상에서 미리 부위별 계측을 한 다음 초음파를 이용한 요추부 내측 분지 차단술 시 계측한 깊이 및 각도를 이용하여 주사침 삽입을 한다면 초음파를 처음 접하는 시술자들에게 보다 안전하고 효과적인 술기가 되는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare accuracy of proper needle insertion angle between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography during lumbar medial branch nerve block procedure. Materials and Methods: Between January 2015 and June 2016, 80 people who underwent MRI in the past 3 months with improved lumbar pain after sono-guided medial branch nerve block were enrolled for analysis (male, 39; female, 41; average age, 63.3 years). The insertion angle and depth between the spinous process and needle at each target points were measured at various levels (superior, inferior segment of each facet joints from L2-3 to L5-S1). The needle was positioned 1 cm apart from both lateral sides of the probe, locating spinous process in the middle. A comparative analysis was performed between an ultrasonography and an MRI. We determined the statistical correlation between the two methods. Results: The average differences with respect to the distance between each level on a sono-guided medial branch nerve block were 1.28±1.07 mm in L2 (7 cases), 1.27±4.26 mm in L3 (25 cases), 1.63±5.89 mm in L4 (93 cases), 1.99±4.12 mm in L5 (141 cases), and 1.51±3.87 mm in S1 (66 cases). The average differences regarding the angle of each level were 1.69°±1.34° in L2 (7 cases), 2.03°±5.35° in L3 (25 cases), 1.49°±3.42° in L4 (93 cases), -1.55°±3.67° in L5 (141 cases), and 1.86°±4.83° in S1 (66 cases). All measurements followed a normal distribution (p>0.05), showing statistical correlation without significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: After measuring each level using an MRI prior to performing the procedure, a sono-guided lumbar medial branch nerve block can be performed with greater safety and efficacy, especially for beginners.

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