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청강 진료기록을 통해 살펴본 가미보정산의 기원 및 명칭 변화
김동율(Dongryul Kim) 한국의사학회 2020 한국의사학회지 Vol.33 No.1
청강 진료기록 데이터베이스에 나타난 가미보정산에 대한 정보를 분석하면서 가미보정산의 기원과 명칭 변화에 대해 살펴보았다. 가미보정산은 역대 의학서적에 그 기원 처방을 찾아볼 수 없는 처방이다. 본 연구에서는 가미보정산의 기원 처방명이 향갈정기음임을 알 수 있었으며, 향갈정기음이 불환금정기산 및 향갈음과 깊은 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 가미보정산은 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 여러 이름으로 불리었는데, 시대 흐름에 따라 보구정기산에서 시작하여 가미보정산이라는 명칭까지 변화하였다. 특히 본 연구를 통해 ‘가미’라는 명칭이 처방의 구성 변화가 아니라 처방명의 변화라는 측면에서 접근해야 함을 알 수 있었다. This paper analyzes information on Augmented Widen the Core Powder (加味普正散) (AWCP) in the Dr. Kim Young Hoon’s medical record database, Cheongang Medical Records. AWCP is a prescription that is not found in the existing medical texts, yet is referred to in Dr. Kim Young Hoon’s medical record database. By examining these records, this study shows that the original prescription for AWCP was Decoction for Rectifying the Qi with Cyperus and Kudzu (香葛正氣飮) and that this prescription was deeply related to Rectify the Qi Powder Worth More Than Gold (不換金正氣散) as well as Cyperus and Kudzu Decoction (香葛飮). In addition, AWCP had several names over a long period of time, and its name changed from the Powder of Relieving Lives and Rectifying the Qi (普救正氣散) to AWCP. In particular, this study shows that the term ‘gami’ (加味 augmented) indicates a change in prescription name, not a change in the composition of the prescription.
우종원(Jongwon Woo),김동율(Dongryul Kim) 한국의사학회 2020 한국의사학회지 Vol.33 No.2
본고에서는 청강 진료기록DB를 활용하여 김영훈이 칠정과 관련된 질환을 어떻게 접근하고 치료하였는지를 분석하였다. 김영훈은 칠정과 기, 담, 화 및 이들의 울증을 병인으로서 병기하는 경우가 많았으며, 병명은 탈영과 함께 기재하는 경우가 많았다. 칠정 관련 병인이 1950년대에 특히 많이 기재되어 있었는데, 이는 한국전쟁의 영향을 받은 것으로 보인다. 김영훈이 칠정 관련 병인을 치료하기 위해 사용한 상위 빈도 처방은 대개 육울탕의 변방으로 소개되어 있었다. 그가 실제로 사용한 약재를 분석한 결과, 김영훈은 주로 二陳湯과 香附子를 준용하여 化痰理氣를 칠정 치료의 대원칙으로 삼았음을 추정할 수 있었으며, 利濕藥, 消導藥, 淸熱藥, 四物湯의 류를 때에 따라 가감한 것을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study is to consider how Kim Young-hun approached and treated diseases caused by seven emotions using Cheonggang medical records database. Kim Young-hun often related seven emotions with qi, phlegm, fire and depressions of these three and with the loss of dignity (脫營). Records of seven emotions were especially concentrated in the 1950s, and it seems to have been influenced by the Korean war. The prescriptions which Kim used frequently were introduced as modified 六鬱湯. Analyzing the medicinal herbs Kim used, it was estimated that Kim would have applied “allevating phlegm and regulating qi” as the principle of the treatment of the seven emotions using 二陳湯 and Cyperus(香附子) with some adjustment of 利濕藥, 疏導藥, 淸熱藥, and 四物湯.
Development of donepezil-induced hypokalemia following treatment of cognitive impairment
( Dongryul Kim ),( Hye Eun Yoon ),( Hoon Suk Park ),( Seok Joon Shin ),( Bum Soon Choi ),( Byung Soo Kim ),( Tae Hyun Ban ) 영남대학교 의과대학 2021 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.38 No.1
Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor used extensively to treat Alzheimer disease. The increased cholinergic activity is associated with adverse effects, therefore gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are common. Hypokalemia is a rare adverse event that occurs in less than 1% of donepezil-treated patients. Although hypokalemia of mild and moderate grade does not present serious signs and symptoms, severe hypokalemia often results in prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Herein, we report a case of hypokalemia developed after the initiation of donepezil therapy for cognitive impairment.
Development micro-thermometer using dual Hall cross bars
Dongryul Kim,Chun-Yeol You 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.1
Any kind of chemical reaction is accompanied inevitable heat process. During chemical reactions, heat will be generated or absorbed, as results the temperature will be changed. Therefore, measuring the temperature variation of a living cell, where many chemical reactions occur, is scientifically important and technically challenging. In order to measure the temperature of the individual living cell, which is order of a few micrometers, many novel techniques are suggested. Here, we proposed a new technique, by using dual Hall cross bars. The magnetization of a ferromagnetic substance is a function of the temperature, it decreases with increasing the temperature. Furthermore, it is well-known that the Curie temperature of ultra-thin (< 1 nm) ferromagnetic layer is much lower than its bulk value. The temperature dependent magnetization becomes more sensitive around the Curie temperature. The magnetization of optimized ferromagnetic ultra-thin film can be very sensitive function of the desired temperature range. Since the anomalous Hall signal is proportional to the magnetization of the ferromagnetic materials, the anomalous Hall signal of ultra-thin ferromagnetic layer can be a sensitive temperature sensor. The Hall bar can be easily miniaturized of sub-micro-meter size by conventional photo-lithography process, and the Hall signal detect only Hall cross bar area which can be much smaller than typical cells. Furthermore, it consists of ultra-thin metal film, the heat capacity is much smaller than the cells, so the Hall cross bar micro-thermometer does not disturb the cell temperature. In order to improve the signal to noise ratio, we employed dual Hall cross bar system. One Hall cross bar acts as a reference, while the other detect cell temperature. We will discuss more details of the dual Hall cross bar micro-thermometer for the living cell temperature measurement.
Dongryul Kim,Woo-Yeong Kim,Suhyeok An,Eunchong Baek,Ki-Seung Lee,Chun-Yeol You 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.1
Dynamics of the Domain Wall (DW) has been actively investigated because of its possibility for future memory and logic devices. Up to recently, there are several suggestions for logic and memory devices which is based on DW dynamics including the racetrack memory, especially, Spin Torque Majority Gate (STMG) for logic devices which have logic state assigned by the configuration of magnetization. Plenty of struggles have been tried to reduce the operation energy in the field of DW based devices. One of them is to modulate the geometry of the propagation line of DW. The energy decreases as the magnetic DW propagates to a narrow region of a trapezoidal shaped wire. In the point of view of the STMG operating principle, the transmit direction of logic state is not necessary to move reversibly. Then we can designate domain wall energy reduction direction as a flow direction of information. It means that STMG with a change structure take advantage of smaller operating energy. To identify DW energy is affected by shape, we choose a Pt (5 nm)/Co (1.2 nm)/Pt (4 nm) heterostructure film that has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with the trapezoidal shaped wire, which is designed to be 30, 40 and 50 degrees. Here we experimentally confirmed that the finite effective field which push DW to the narrow wire region exists, and the effective field increases as the trapezoidal angle increases. Ultimately, if we find the optimal condition for the trapezoidal pattern size and angle to get large enough effective field, DW even can move spontaneously without the externally driving field or current.