Original Articlet:Comparing the Efficacy of Latanoprost (0.005%), Bimatoprost (0.03%), Travoprost (0.004%), and Timolol (0.5%) in the Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

( Deepak Mishra ),( Bibhuti Prassan Sinha ),( Mahendra Singh Kumar ) 대한안과학회 2014 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.28 No.5

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost and timolol in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary-care centre. One hundred and forty patients with newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma were randomly assigned to treatment with latanoprost (0.005%), bimatoprost (0.03%), travoprost (0.004%) or timolol gel (0.5%); 35 patients were assigned to each group. All patients were followed for 2, 6, and 12 weeks. The main outcome measure studied was the change in IOP at week 12 from the baseline values. Safety measures included recording of adverse events. Results: The mean IOP reduction from baseline at week 12 was significantly more with bimatoprost (8.8 mmHg, 35.9%) than with latanoprost (7.3 mmHg, 29.9%), travoprost (7.6 mmHg, 30.8%) or timolol (6.7 mmHg, 26.6%) (ANOVA and Student`s t-tests, p < 0.001). Among the prostaglandins studied, bimatoprost produced a maximum reduction in IOP (-2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.25 to -3.18) followed by travoprost (-1.27; 95% CI, -0.81 to -1.27) and latanoprost (-1.25; 95% CI, -0.79 to -1.71); these values were significant when compared to timolol at week 12 (Bonferroni test, p < 0.001). Latanoprost and travoprost were comparable in their ability to reduce IOP at each patient visit. Ocular adverse-events were found in almost equal proportion in patients treated with bimatoprost (41.3%) and travoprost (41.9%), with a higher incidence of conjunctival hyperemia (24.1%) seen in the bimatoprost group. Timolol produced a significant drop in heart rate (p < 0.001) at week 12 when compared to the baseline measurements. Conclusions: Bimatoprost showed greater efficacy when compared to the other prostaglandins, and timolol was the most efficacious at lowering the IOP. Conjunctional hyperemia was mainly seen with bimatoprost. However, the drug was tolerated well and found to be safe.

Solvability of some non-linear functional integral equations via measure of noncompactness

Deepak Dhiman,Lakshmi Narayan Mishra,Vishnu Narayan Mishra 장전수학회 2022 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.32 No.2

In this study, we establish some results related to the existence of solutions for nonlinear functional integral equations, by Darbo's fixed point theorem in Banach algebra, which contains several functional integral equations that arise in mathematical analysis. As an application, we also provide an example of functional integral equations.

Gender, ethnicity, and grassroots governance in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Aparimita MISHRA,Deepak K. MISHRA 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2016 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.22 No.2

The presence of women in grassroots governance, it is argued, should strengthen their collective identity as women and create space for more inclusive politics. On the basis of a field survey in Arunachal Pradesh, India, this paper argues that the interrelationship between representation and inclusive governance is far more complex, particularly in the backdrop of ethnic politics and institutional diversity. Women representatives tend to work within the dominant paradigm of ethnicized governance reinforced by enlisting the support of family and clan members. The results suggest that given the social, political and cultural context of Arunachal Pradesh, mere inclusion of women in formal grassroots governance is clearly not enough for creating a basis for gender equality, particularly for the women of vulnerable sections of society.

Prolonged matings in a ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus: A mate guarding mechanism?

Desh Deepak Chaudhary,Geetanjali Mishra,Omkar 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.3

Occurrence of postcopulatory mate guarding behavior is common in those insects where males directly defend their partners from rival males, avoid sperm competition and thus increase their paternity success. However, this has not yet been evaluated in ladybirds (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae). In the present investigation,mate disruption studies were conducted to establish postcopulatory mate guarding behavior in a ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius). The laboratory findings affirmed the presence ofmate guarding in this ladybird species. Results revealed significant influence of mate guarding behavior on fecundity and egg viability of females. The findings of the present study revealed that an effective mating took a minimum duration of 2.50 min, and prior to which sexual activities of a male were not effective to fertilize the eggs of a female. The results further demonstrate that males improved their paternity with a mating duration of above 4.50 min, while fecundity increasedwith a mating duration of above 4.75min. Although fecundity increased continuouslywith an increase in mating duration from4.75 min to 30.00 min, the egg viability increasedwith amating duration of above 4.50 min and up to a duration of 10.00 min. For this reason, M. sexmaculatus males display postcopulatory mate guarding behavior after 30.00 min, andmate partners remaining in copula with themale riding on the female's back with his aedeagus inserted.

Bio-surfactant mediated synthesis of Au/g-C3N4 plasmonic hybrid nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic reduction of mono-nitrophenols

Aparna Prabha Devi,Deepak Kumar Padhi,Pravat Manjari Mishra,Ajay Kumar Behera 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-

A bio-surfactant assisted synthesis route has demonstrated in room temperature for decoration of goldnanoparticles (AuNPs) on g-C3N4 using Averrhoa carambola leaf extract towards mono-nitrophenol reductionunder visible light irradiation. Biomolecules of the leaf extract and optimised reaction conditionplayed a vital role on tuning the morphology and optoelectronic properties of AuNPs. The size ofAuNPs were found to be 15 ± 3 nm on 2D g-C3N4 sheets by TEM and STEM-HAADF analysis. Amongthe designed plasmonic hybrid photocatalysts 3-wt% loaded AuNPs on g-C3N4 showed 99.01% of 4-nitrophenol, 97.70% of 3-nitrophenol and 98.50% of 2-nitrophenol photoreduction. The photocatalyticefficiency of Au/g-C3N4 was investigated under several parameters such as pH, initial nitrophenol concentration,and in presence of external inorganic anions. The mechanism of photoreduction of nitrophenol toaminophenol by Au/g-C3N4 was proposed based on the intermediate obtained from GCMS analysis. Theobserved higher catalytic activity of plasmonic hybrid photcatalysts is due to the synergic chemistrybetween the conduction band of g-C3N4 and AuNP plasmonic band, which is well supported by PL, EIS,and transient photocurrent analysis. Kinetic rate constant for 3Au/g-C3N4 was found to be 0.43 min1at pH 3. Moreover, the rate of reaction significantly increased in presence of Cl. ICP-OES analysis of assynthesised 3Au/g-C3N4 plasmonic photocatalyst shows there was no gold leaching even after ten cyclesconfirming the stability and reusability of the catalyst.

HeartNetEC: a deep representation learning approach for ECG beat classifi cation

Sri Aditya Deevi,Christina Perinbam Kaniraja,Vani Devi Mani,Deepak Mishra,Shaik Ummar,Cejoy Satheesh 대한의용생체공학회 2021 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.11 No.1

One of the most crucial and informative tools available at the disposal of a Cardiologist for examining the condition of apatient’s cardiovascular system is the electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG). A major reason behind the need for accurate reconstructionof ECG comes from the fact that the shape of ECG tracing is very crucial for determining the health condition ofan individual. Whether the patient is prone to or diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), this information can begathered through examination of ECG signal. Among various other methods, one of the most helpful methods in identifyingcardiac abnormalities is a beat-wise categorization of a patient’s ECG record. In this work, a highly efficient deep representationlearning approach for ECG beat classification is proposed, which can significantly reduce the burden and time spentby a Cardiologist for ECG Analysis. This work consists of two sub-systems: denoising block and beat classification block. The initial block is a denoising block that acquires the ECG signal from the patient and denoises that. The next stage is thebeat classification part. This processes the input ECG signal for finding out the different classes of beats in the ECG throughan efficient algorithm. In both stages, deep learning-based methods have been employed for the purpose. Our proposedapproach has been tested on PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, for beat-wise classification into ten importanttypes of heartbeats. As per the results obtained, the proposed approach is capable of making meaningful predictions andgives superior results on relevant metrics.

The Single Cigarette Economy in India - a Back of the Envelope Survey to Estimate its Magnitude

Lal, Pranay,Kumar, Ravinder,Ray, Shreelekha,Sharma, Narinder,Bhattarcharya, Bhaktimay,Mishra, Deepak,Sinha, Mukesh K.,Christian, Anant,Rathinam, Arul,Singh, Gurbinder Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Background: Sale of single cigarettes is an important factor for early experimentation, initiation and persistence of tobacco use and a vital factor in the smoking epidemic in India as it is globally. Single cigarettes also promote the sale of illicit cigarettes and neutralises the effect of pack warnings and effective taxation, making tobacco more accessible and affordable to minors. This is the first study to our knowledge which estimates the size of the single stick market in India. Materials and Methods: In February 2014, a 10 jurisdiction survey was conducted across India to estimate the sale of cigarettes in packs and sticks, by brands and price over a full business day. Results: We estimate that nearly 75% of all cigarettes are sold as single sticks annually, which translates to nearly half a billion US dollars or 30 percent of the India's excise revenues from all cigarettes. This is the price which the consumers pay but is not captured through tax and therefore pervades into an informal economy. Conclusions: Tracking the retail price of single cigarettes is an efficient way to determine the willingness to pay by cigarette smokers and is a possible method to determine the tax rates in the absence of any other rationale.