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Sublingual Delivery of Vaccines for the Induction of Mucosal Immunity
Shim, Byoung-Shik,Choi, Youngjoo,Cheon, In Su,Song, Man Ki The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.3
The mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to incoming pathogens which can cause infections that result in severe morbidity and/or mortality. Studies have reported that mucosal immunity is important for providing protection against these pathogens and that mucosal vaccination is effective in preventing local infections. For many years, the sublingual mucosa has been targeted to deliver immunotherapy to treat allergic hypersensitivities. However, the potential of vaccine delivery via sublingual mucosal has received little attention until recently. Recent studies exploring such potential have documented the safety and effectiveness of sublingual immunization, demonstrating the ability of sublingual immunization to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against a variety of antigens, including soluble proteins, inter particulate antigens, and live-attenuated viruses. This review will summarize the recent findings that address the promising potential of sublingual immunization in proving protection against various mucosal pathogens.
Sublingual Delivery of Vaccines for the Induction of Mucosal Immunity
Byoung-Shik Shim,Youngjoo Choi,In Su Cheon,송만기 대한면역학회 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.3
The mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to incoming pathogens which can cause infections that result in severe morbidity and/or mortality. Studies have reported that mucosal immunity is important for providing protection against these pathogens and that mucosal vaccination is effective in preventing local infections. For many years, the sublingual mucosa has been targeted to deliver immunotherapy to treat allergic hypersensitivities. However, the potential of vaccine delivery via sublingual mucosal has received little attention until recently. Recent studies exploring such potential have documented the safety and effectiveness of sublingual immunization, demonstrating the ability of sublingual immunization to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against a variety of antigens, including soluble proteins, inter particulate antigens, and live-attenuated viruses. This review will summarize the recent findings that address the promising potential of sublingual immunization in proving protection against various mucosal pathogens.
Shim, Yong-Shik,Chun, Byoung-Chul,Chung, Yong-Chan The Korean Fiber Society 2006 Fibers and polymers Vol.7 No.4
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers cross-linked with pentaerythritol, a four-way cross-linker, are prepared to compare their mechanical and shape memory properties with the one cross-linked by glycerol. Composition of PEG and pentaerythritol is varied to search for the one with the best mechanical and shape memory properties. The highest shape recovery rate is observed for the copolymer composed of 30 mol% PEG-200 and 2.5 mol% pentaerythritol. Four-way cross-linking by pentaerythritol significantly improves shape recovery rate and retention of high shape recovery rate after repeated use compared to the one cross-linked by glycerol, a three-way cross-linker, and difference and advantage of additional cross-linking point are discussed.
Yong Shik Kwon,Byoung Soo Kwon,Ock-hwa Kim,Yea Eun Park,Tae Sun Shim,Yong Pil Chong,조경욱 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.9
Background: Long-term administration of ethambutol (EMB) for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) sometimes leads to permanent discontinuation of EMB due to various adverse events. This study aimed to investigate treatment outcomes after discontinuation of EMB. Methods: Among patients diagnosed with MAC-LD between January 2001 and December 2014, 508 patients whose treatment was initiated with standard regimen until May 2018 were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in Korea. Of these 508 patients, 60 (11.8%) discontinued EMB due to various adverse effects. Among these 60 patients, treatment outcomes were analyzed for 44 patients by comparing their outcomes with those of matched subjects who received the standard treatment regimen without EMB discontinuation. Results: The mean age of the 60 patients who discontinued EMB was 64.4 years. Ocular toxicity was the most common cause of discontinuation of EMB (75.0%, 45/60). The mean duration of EMB administration before its discontinuation was 7.0 ± 4.6 months. The treatment failure rate of the 44 patients with EMB discontinuation analyzed for treatment outcome was 29.6%, which was higher than that of the matched patients who received the standard regimen (18.3%), although the difference was not significant (P = 0.095). Of these 44 patients, EMB was substituted with later-generation fluoroquinolone in 23 patients, and the treatment failure rate of these 23 patients was significantly higher than that of the matched patients who received the standard regimen (39.1% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.045). Conclusion: These findings suggest that treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory in patients with MAC-LD who discontinue EMB owing to adverse events. Notably, there was a statistically significant high failure rate in patients who were prescribed fluoroquinolone to replace EMB.
Complete Assignments of the <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR Data of Flavone Derivatives
Moon, Byoung-Ho,Lee, Young-Shim,Shin, Choon-Shik,Lim, Yoong-Ho Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.4
The $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ chemical shifts of flavone and its five derivatives were determined completely using the basic 1D and 2D NMR experiments and molecular modeling. Of the six compounds used for our experiments, the NMR data of three compounds were published previously, but we found that the data of two compounds included wrong assignments. Therefore, we report the corrected data and the complete assignments of NMR data of the other three compounds.
Yoon, Seung Hwan,Shim, Yu Shik,Park, Yong Hoon,Chung, Jong Kwon,Nam, Jung Hyun,Kim, Myung Ok,Park, Hyung Chun,Park, So Ra,Min, Byoung-Hyun,Kim, Eun Young,Choi, Byung Hyune,Park, Hyeonseon,Ha, Yoon Wiley (John WileySons) 2007 Stem Cells Vol.25 No.8
<P>To assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of autologous human bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation and the administration of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a phase I/II open-label and nonrandomized study was conducted on 35 complete spinal cord injury patients. The BMCs were transplanted by injection into the surrounding area of the spinal cord injury site within 14 injury days (n = 17), between 14 days and 8 weeks (n = 6), and at more than 8 weeks (n = 12) after injury. In the control group, all patients (n = 13) were treated only with conventional decompression and fusion surgery without BMC transplantation. The patients underwent preoperative and follow-up neurological assessment using the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS), electrophysiological monitoring, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mean follow-up period was 10.4 months after injury. At 4 months, the MRI analysis showed the enlargement of spinal cords and the small enhancement of the cell implantation sites, which were not any adverse lesions such as malignant transformation, hemorrhage, new cysts, or infections. Furthermore, the BMC transplantation and GM-CSF administration were not associated with any serious adverse clinical events increasing morbidities. The AIS grade increased in 30.4% of the acute and subacute treated patients (AIS A to B or C), whereas no significant improvement was observed in the chronic treatment group. Increasing neuropathic pain during the treatment and tumor formation at the site of transplantation are still remaining to be investigated. Long-term and large scale multicenter clinical study is required to determine its precise therapeutic effect. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.</P>
강정식(Kang, Jung-Shik),심재금(Shim, Jae-Geum),이상득(Lee, Sang-Deuk),이병권(Lee, Byoung-Kyon),홍석인(Hong, Suck-In),문동주(Moon, Dong-Ju) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.11
최근 들어 고체산화물 연료전지(SOFC) 기술이 급성장함에 따라 고온 수증기 전기분해(HTE) 기술이 물로부터 수소를 대량으로 제조할 수 있는 환경 친화적인 기술로 주목 받고 있다 고온 수증기 전기분해는 기존의 액상 전기분해보다 총 에너지 요구량이 작고 전기분해에 필요한 최소의 전기에너지가 온도가 증가할수록 감소하며 고온 수증기 전기분해에 요구되는 에너지의 일부를 전기에너지 대신 열의 형태로 공급이 가능하여 보다 높은 효율을 기대할 수 있다. 따라서 off peak시 기저부하전력을 이용하고, 공정의 열원으로 고온가스의 폐열, 천연가스의 부분산화 반응열 또는 고온 가스원자로의 폐열을 활용하면 SOFC 이용 고온 수증기 전기분해 공정은 수소경제사회에서 요구되는 수소를 대량으로 제조할 수 있는 경제적인 공정이 될 것이다.
Kye, Yoon-Chul,Park, Sung-Moo,Shim, Byoung-Shik,Firdous, Jannatul,Kim, Girak,Kim, Han Wool,Ju, Young-Jun,Kim, Cheol Gyun,Cho, Chong-Su,Kim, Dong Wook,Cho, Jae Ho,Song, Man Ki,Han, Seung Hyun,Yun, Cheo Elsevier 2019 Acta Biomaterialia: structure-property-function re Vol.90 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Developing effective mucosal subunit vaccine for the <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae</I> has been unsuccessful mainly because of their poor immunogenicity with insufficient memory T and B cell responses. We thus address whether such limitation can be overcome by introducing effective adjuvants that can enhance immunity and show here that polysorbitol transporter (PST) serves as a mucosal adjuvant for a subunit vaccine against the <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae</I>. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) with PST adjuvant induced protective immunity against <I>S. pneumoniae</I> challenge, especially long-term T and B cell immune responses. Moreover, we found that the PST preferentially induced T helper (Th) responses toward Th2 or T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and, importantly, that the responses were mediated through antigen-presenting cells via activating a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) pathway. Thus, these data indicate that PST can be used as an effective and safe mucosal vaccine adjuvant against <I>S. pneumoniae</I> infection.</P> <P><B>State of Significance</B></P> <P>In this study, we suggested the nanoparticle forming adjuvant, PST works as an effective adjuvant for the pneumococcal vaccine, PspA. The PspA subunit vaccine together with PST adjuvant efficiently induced protective immunity, even in the long-term memory responses, against <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae</I> lethal challenge. We found that PspA with PST adjuvant induced dendritic cell activation followed by follicular helper T cell responses through PPAR-γ pathway resulting long-term memory antibody-producing cells. Consequently, in this paper, we suggest the mechanism for safe nanoparticle forming subunit vaccine adjuvant against pneumococcal infection.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( Myung Ah Lee ),( Jae Ho Byun ),( Byoung Young Shim ),( In Sook Woo ),( Jin Hyung Kang ),( Young Seon Hong ),( Kyung Shik Lee ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Suk Kyun Chang ),( Seong Taek Oh ),( Sung Il Choi 대한내과학회 2005 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.20 No.3
Background: Irinotecan, in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and a high dose of leucovorin (LV), known as FOLFIRI regimen, has shown activity in recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of irinotecan, 5-FU and a low dose of LV (modified FOLFIRI) as a first line of therapy for patients with relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Between January 2002 and October 2004, 44 patients with histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer were enrolled. The chemotherapy regimen schedule consisted of 180 mg/m2 of irinotecan being administered intravenously (i.v) on Day 1, 400mg/m2 of 5-FU via i.v bolus with 600 mg/m2 of continuous infusion for 22 hrs on both Day 1 and 2, and 20mg/m2 of leucovorin on both Day 1 and 2 , repeated every two weeks. Results: The overall response rate was 47.8%. Of the 40 evaluated patients, one had CR (2.3%) and 20 had PR (46.5%). Toxicities were mild and easily manageable. Three patients experienced 23 episodes of Grade 3/4 leukopenia., Only one patient developed Grade 3/4 diarrhea. None experienced Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Modified FOLFIRI with a low dose of LV is an effective and tolerable regimen for patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer.