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Discrete element simulations of continental collision in Asia
Tanaka Atsushi,Sanada Yoshinori,Yamada Yasuhiro,Matsuoka Toshifumi,Ashida Yuzuru Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2005 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.8 No.1
조립질 물질을 이용한 축소모형실험(예를 들어 모래상자실험)을 다양한 크기의 많은 지질학적 문제에 성공적으로 적용되어왔다. 이러한 물리적 실험은 개별요소법(DEM)을 이용하여 수치적으로도 수행될수 있다. 이연구에서는 현재 지구상에서 가장 중요한 지구조적 과정 중의 하나인 인도판과 유라시아판의 충돌문제를 시뮬레이션하기 위해 개별요소법을 적용하였다. 개별요소 시뮬레이션은 구조지질학뿐만 아니라 토질역학, 암석역학 등의 다양한 동역학적 분야에 적용되어왔다. 조사대상이 많은 작은 입자들의 조합으로 가정되기 때문에 개별요소 시뮬레이션은 거대하고 불연속적인 변형이 일어나는 대상을 다룰 수 있다. 그러나 DEM 시뮬레이션에서는 개개 입자에 대한 입력변수들과 전체 물성의 관계에 대해 거의 알려져 있지 않기 때문에 입력 변수들의 타당성을 검증하기 어려운 경우가 자주 있다. 그러므로 이전의 연구들에서는 시행착오에 의해 입력변수를 조정하여만 하였다. 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위하여, 이 연구에서는 개별요소 시뮬레이션에 수치적인 이축 시험을 도입하였으며, 이러한 수치 시험 결과를 이용하여 충돌 모델에 사용되는 입력변수의 타당성을 검토하였다. 결과적인 층돌 모델은 동 아시아에서 관측되는 실제 변형과 매우 비슷하며, GPS 자료 및 동 아시아의 원위치 응력자료와 잘 대비된다.
Tanaka, Atsushi,Han, Chang-wan,Hosokawa, Toru,Inagaki, MasumiHan 한국장애인고용촉진공단 고용개발원 2009 장애와 고용 Vol.19 No.2
The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan has formed a scientific research study group to clarify factors inhibiting social participation of persons with intellectual disabilities. We conducted the survey with the aim of identifying the causes preventing such participation. They were rated using the common international language in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF). Surveys were sent to the director of career guidance counseling in the high school sections of 451 special needs high schools nationwide, and valid responses were received from 227. Each school was asked to recall one graduate each randomly from among those employed or residing in institutions, and rate them on each of the ICF levels. The factors producing differences in the career path treatments for employment and institutional residence were then analyzed. The employed group of graduates had a mean score of no higher than 2 for any item evaluated by the ICF criteria.
Design of 1 V Operating Fully Differential OTA Using NMOS Inverters
Atsushi Tanaka,Hiroshi Tanimoto 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
A 1 V operating fully differential OTA is presented. We designed a 1 V operating fully differential OTA using NMOS inverters in place of traditional differential pair. To obtain high voltage gain, a two stage configuration has been used in which the first stage has feedforward to cancel common-mode signal and the second stage has commonmode feedback. This OTA was fabricated by 0.18 ㎛ CMOS technology. Measured dc gain is 40 ㏈ and a unity gain frequency is 10 ㎒. This OTA leads a solution to the low supply voltage issue in scaled CMOS analog circuits.
IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
( Atsushi Tanaka ) 대한간학회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.3
Sclerosing cholangitis (SC) is defined as a condition with progressive stenosis and destruction of the bile ducts due to diffuse inflammation and fibrosis and currently includes three categories: primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), secondary cholangitis, and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC). SC categories share similar clinical features, such as cholestasis. Patients with SC present with cholestatic symptoms, including jaundice and pruritus, and blood tests reveal elevation of cholestatic enzymes. Cholangiography, endoscopic or magnetic, is inevitably required for making a diagnosis. Although the presentation of IgG4-SC and PSC are similar, the comorbidities, treatment response, and outcomes differ significantly, and therefore, it is strongly advisable to be familiar with these two diseases to make a correct diagnosis. Differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma from IgG4-SC and PSC is also extremely important. In this review, the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, treatment and outcomes of IgG4-SC and PSC will be outlined based on experience mainly from Japan. (Gut Liver 2019;13:300-307)
Autoimmune Hepatitis: 2019 Update
Atsushi Tanaka 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.4
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease, characterized by the elevation of aminotransferases, presence of anti-nuclear antibody or anti-smooth muscle antibody, elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG), and interface hepatitis/plasma-lymphocytic inflammation based on histology. Recent epidemiological studies have indicated an increasing trend in the prevalence of AIH worldwide, especially in male patients; this trend may suggest the alteration of environmental triggers of disease onset over time. As no disease-specific biomarker or histological finding is currently available, AIH requires a clinical diagnosis, and a validated diagnostic scoring system with acceptable specificity and sensitivity has been proposed. Regarding treatment, corticosteroids and azathioprine are recommended, and in those who exhibit an incomplete response or those who are intolerant to these drugs, second-line therapy, such as mycophenolate mofetil, is considered. Overall, the long-term outcome is excellent in patients with complete biochemical responses, while life-long maintenance treatment may be required since the cessation of immunosuppressive agents frequently leads to the relapse of the disease. Acute-onset AIH does occur, and the diagnosis is very challenging due to the lack of serum autoantibodies or elevated IgG. The unmet needs include earlier diagnosis, intervention with disseminated clinical practice guidelines, and recognition and improvement of patients’ health-related quality of life with the development of novel corticosteroid-free treatment regimens.
Current understanding of primary biliary cholangitis
( Atsushi Tanaka ) 대한간학회 2021 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.27 No.1
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) causes chronic and persistent cholestasis in the liver, eventually resulting in cirrhosis and hepatic failure without appropriate treatment. PBC mainly develops in middle-aged women, but it is also common in young women and men. PBC is considered a model of autoimmune disease because of the presence of disease-specific autoantibodies, that is, antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), intense infiltration of mononuclear cells into the bile ducts, and a high prevalence of autoimmune diseases such as comorbidities. Histologically, PBC is characterized by degeneration and necrosis of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells surrounded by a dense infiltration of mononuclear cells, coined as chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis, which leads to destructive changes and the disappearance of small- or medium-sized bile ducts. Since 1990, early diagnosis with the detection of AMAs and introduction of ursodeoxycholic acid as first-line treatment has greatly altered the clinical course of PBC, and liver transplantation-free survival of patients with PBC is now comparable to that of the general population. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27:1-21)