P-52 : Effect of Particle Immersing in Acetic Acid Solution on the Properties of Particleboard

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Tito Sucipto ),( Samuel Hermanto ) 韓國木材工學會 2016 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Local Styrax Woods from North Tapanuli in Indonesia

Apri Heri Iswanto,Arida Susilowati,Irawati Azhar,Riswan,Supriyanto,Joel Elpinta Tarigan,Widya Fatriasari 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.4

The objective of this research was to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of three species of Styrax woods from North Tapanuli in Indonesia. The woods were more than 15 years old. Physical properties such as specific gravity, green moisture content, and volume shrinkage were determined by the procedures based on BS-373 standard for small clear specimen. Furthermore, mechanical properties, including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to grain and hardness were also tested according to the standard. Along the stem direction, the edge section had better properties compared with those near the pith section. And the base section had also better properties than upper section. Based on the specific gravity, all of the Styrax woods in this research were classified into III-IV strength classes. A good dimensional stability was demonstrated by the value of the tangential and radial ratio which reached one. With the consideration of the mechanical properties, Styrax woods were suitable use for raw materials of light construction, furniture and handy craft.

Wood Chemical Compositions of Raru Species Originating from Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia: Effect of Differences in Wood Species and Log Positions

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Fazilla Oktaviani Tarigan ),( Arida Susilowati ),( Atmawi Darwis ),( Widya Fatriasari ) 한국목재공학회 2021 목재공학 Vol.49 No.5

Raru is a lesser-known plant species originating from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Information on the characteristics is still limited, especially its chemical component. Therefore, this study aims to examine the chemical composition information of Cotylelobium lanceolatum, Cotylelobium melanoxylon, and Vatica pauciflora woods based on their axial log positions (bottom, middle, and top). The wood chemical analysis was performed in terms of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) method. Furthermore, the analysis measured holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content, alcohol benzene extractive content, the extractive substance in hot and water, and solubility in NaOH 1%. The results indicated that the species and their log axial positions affected different chemical components, which included α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of C. lanceolatum amounting to 41.88%, 19.39%, and 28.68% respectively. Meanwhile, for C. Melanoxylon, they were 42.01%, 21.11%, and 24.76% respectively; and for V. pauciflora wood, they were 42.95%, 23.24%, and 30.11% respectively. The average values of the extractive contents including the solubility in 1: 2 ethanol benzene, NaOH, and hot water for C. lanceolatum, C. melanoxylon, and V. pauciflora wood were (10.58%, 27.62%, 8.13%), (14.54%, 28.22%, 7.82%), and (10.95%, 28.60%, 7.57%) respectively. The wood species had a significant effect on chemical components including lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and extractive solubility in cold water. Furthermore, the axial log position had a significant effect on all the parameters of the chemical composition of the wood being tested.

The Physical, Mechanical, and Sound Absorption Properties of Sandwich Particleboard (SPb)

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Arif Rahman Hakim ),( Irawati Azhar ),( Basuki Wirjosentono ),( Dita Sari Prabuningrum ) 한국목재공학회 2020 목재공학 Vol.48 No.1

While the utilization of wood as a raw material in related industries has been increasing with the population increasing, the availability of wood from natural forests has continued to decline. An alternative to this situation is the manufacture of particleboard from non-wood lignocellulose materials through the modification of sandwich particleboard (SPb) using bamboo strands as reinforcement. In this study, strandsof belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens W) and tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) were utilized. The non-wood particles included sugar palm fibers, cornstalk, and sugarcane bagasse. The board was made in a three-layer composition of the face, back, and core in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. The binder used was 8% isocyanate resin. The sheet was pressed at a temperature of 160°C for 5 min under a pressure of 3.0 N/mm². Testing included physical and mechanical properties based on the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard, while acoustic testing was based on ISO 11654 (1997) standards. The results showed that using bamboo strands as reinforcement has an effect on the mechanical and physical properties of SPb. Almost all the types of boards met the JIS A 5908 (2003) standards, with the exception of thickness swelling (TS) and internal bond (IB) parameters. Based on the thickness swelling parameter, the C-type board exhibited the best properties. Overall, the B-type board thatused a belangke bamboo strand for the surface and sugarcane bagasse as the core underwent the best treatment. Based on the acoustical parameter, boards using a tali bamboo strand for the surface and sugar palm fiber as the core (E-type board) exhibited good sound absorption properties.

Effect of Particle Pre-Treatment on Properties of Jatropha Fruit Hulls Particleboard

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Yusuf Sudo Hadi ),( Surdiding Ruhendi ),( Dede Hermawan ),( Widya Fatriasari ) 한국목재공학회 2018 목재공학 Vol.46 No.2

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of particle pre-treatment on physical, mechanical, and durability of jatropha fruit hulls (JFH) particleboard. The pre-treatments included were immersing in cold water, hot water, and acetic acid solution. After each treatment, the particles were dried up to 3% moisture content. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was used to fabricate particleboards with board size, thickness and density target of 25 cm by 25 cm, 0.80 cm, and 0.70 g/cm³, respectively. Board pressed at 130℃ for 10 minutes, and 25 kg/cm² pressure. The evaluation of particleboard followed the JIS A 5908-2003. Whilist their resistance to subterranean termite test (mass loss, mortality, antifeedant value and feeding rate) refers to the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006). The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed that all pre-treatments decreased the pH of particles. Overall, all particle immersing treatments resulted of better physical and mechanical properties of particleboard than those of untreated ones. The acetic acid treatment resulted the best physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Based on the mass loss of JFH particleboard, hot water and acetic acid treated particleboards were classified into weak resistance to subterranean attack. The other two treatments were classified into very weak resistance. Hot water treated particleboard provided the highest mortality and antifeedant as much as 87.40% and 34.20%, respectively. Based on antifeedant classification, hot water treated particleboards were classified into moderately strong resistance, while other treatments were categorized into weak resistance. The lowest feeding rate value (45.30 μg/termite/day) was attained by hot water treatment.

Effect of Several Exterior Adhesive Types on Dimensional Stability of Bamboo Oriented Particleboard

Iswanto, Apri Heri,Munthe, Rensus,Darwis, Atmawi,Azhar, Irawati,Susilowati, Arida,Prabuningrum, Dita Sari,Fatriasari, Widya Materials Research Society of Korea 2019 한국재료학회지 Vol.29 No.5

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of adhesive types on dimensional stability of bamboo-oriented particleboard. The materials used in this research are bamboo tali(Gigantochloa apus J.A & J.H. Schult. Kurz), UF/MDI(8, 10, 12 % level), and MF, MDI, and PF at 7 % level. Particle and adhesive are mixed using a blending machine; then, mat forming and hot pressing processes are performed using adhesive-suitable temperature and time references. MDI resin is set at $160^{\circ}C$ temperature for 5 minutes. PF resin and MF resin are pressed at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, and $140^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, respectively, while UF/MDI sets at temperature of $140^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. The results show that particleboard using PF resin produces the lowest thickness swelling value. The particleboard using UF/MDI resin also produces good response for thickness swelling value. Interesting things happen in that UF/MDI adhesive produces a thickness swelling value better than that of MDI resin. FTIR analysis on particleboard bonded by UF/MDI resin combination shows the presence of carbonyl group C=O vibration on multi substitution of urea at wave number of around $1,700cm^{-1}$.

P-63 : The Physical-Mechanical Of Particleboard Made From Jatropha Fruit Hulls Reinforced By Non Wood Particle

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Yusuf Sudo Hadi ),( Surdiding Ruhendi ),( Dede Hermawan ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 韓國木材工學會 2015 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

[< 전시-P-66 >] The Effect of Spraying Adhesive Technique on Particleboard Properties

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Tito Sucipto ),( Irawati Azhar ),( Rudi Hartono ) 韓國木材工學會 2017 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.1

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of technical spraying adhesive on physical and mechanical particleboard using UF and Isocyanat mixture. UF/Isocyanat ratio used in this experiment was 70/30 (%w/w). There were five type of technical spraying for the treatments namely A (UF resin was applied in core resin and Isocyanat for surface resin), B (Isocyanat resin was applied as core resin and UF for surface resin), C (Isocyanat resin was sprayed in the first then followed by UF resin), D (UF resin was sprayed in the first then followed by Isocyanat resin), and the last E (UF and Isocyanat had mixed before spray). Boards produced with size of 25 by 25㎠, the density and board thickness target were 0.75gcm^-3 and 1cm respectively. Hot press was set in 140℃ temperature for 10 minutes and 30kgcm^-2 pressures. Seven days required for conditioning of board after pressing process. The results showed that board type of D resulted the best dimensional stability. It was described by the smallest value of thickness swelling and water absorption. For the mechanical properties parameters, board type of “B” resulted the best bending and internal bond properties. The present of Isocyanat in UF resin resulted in improvement of dimensional stability and mechanical properties of particleboard.

< 구두-D-02 > Chemical Characteristic of Styrax sumatrana Wood from North Sumatra

( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Yenni Suhaida Siregar ),( Arida Susilowati ),( Widya Fatriasari ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

The objective of this research was to analize chemical component of Styrax sumatrana wood from North Tapanuli and Pakpak Bharat according to stem vertical orientation. Samples for analysis divided into three part of stem (based, middle, and tip). Wood chemical component analysis consited of hollocelulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, Acid Soluble Lignin (ASL), Acid Insoluble Lignin (AIL), and non structural component (extractive content in ethanol benzene 1:2 and ash content) were observed. Result showed that growth location influence wood chemical component. The wood chemical component from North Tapanuli and Pak Pak Bharat were 52.72 and 69.80% (hollocelulose), 25.94 and 39.87% (α-cellulose), 26,78 and 29.92% (hemicellulose), 5.49 and 4.33% (Acid Soluble Lignin), 34.37 and 20.43% (Acid Insoluble Lignin), 10.95 and 2.42% (extractive content), and for ash content is 1.37 and 0.8%. Based on stem vertical orientation observation, generally the base position has the highest value of all observed parameters.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Three-layer Particleboards Bonded With UF and UMF Adhesives

Apri Heri Iswanto,Janrahman Simarmata,Widya Fatriasari,Irawati Azhar,Tito Sucipto,Rudi Hartono 한국목재공학회 2017 목재공학 Vol.45 No.6

A low dimensional stability and poor bending strength properties were main problems in particleboard manufacturing. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mixed wood species and urea-form-aldehyde (UF) or urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resins on the physical and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboards. The ratio of face/core/back layer was 1 : 2 : 1. The resin content of 12% for both UF resins and UMF resins (UF/MF = 70/30% w/w) was used. The results of this study showed that the utilization of S.mahagony shaving using both UF and UMF resins caused a decrease in the thickness swelling and water absorption of the boards. Thickness swellings of particleboard made of Sengon/Sengon/Sengon (SSS), Mahogany/Mahogany/Mahogany (MMM), Sengon/Mahogany/Sengon (SMS), and Mahogany/Sengon/Mahogany (MSM) were in the range of 23%, 12∼16%, 14∼16%, and 13∼21%, respectively. The board bonded with UMF resin demonstrated better dimensional stability than that bonded with UF resin alone. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of particleboards made of S. mahagony shaving in the surface layer in both MMM and MSM boards were better than those of the SSS and SMS. MOE of MMM and MSM board was in the ranges of 24,000 to 26,000 kg.cm^-2 and 18,000 to 21,000 kg.cm^-2 respectively. Meanwhile, the MOR of board was in the ranges of 200 to 240 kg.cm^-2 and 190 to 228 kg.cm^-2, respectively.