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An Energy Efficient Interference-aware Routing Protocol for Underwater WSNs
( Anwar Khan ),( Nadeem Javaid ),( Ihsan Ali ),( Mohammad Hossein Anisi ),( Atiq Ur Rahman ),( Naeem Bhatti ),( Muhammad Zia ),( Hasan Mahmood ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.10
Interference-aware routing protocol design for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is one of the key strategies in reducing packet loss in the highly hostile underwater environment. The reduced interference causes efficient utilization of the limited battery power of the sensor nodes that, in consequence, prolongs the entire network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient interference-aware routing (EEIAR) protocol for UWSNs. A sender node selects the best relay node in its neighborhood with the lowest depth and the least number of neighbors. Combination of the two routing metrics ensures that data packets are forwarded along the least interference paths to reach the final destination. The proposed work is unique in that it does not require the full dimensional localization information of sensor nodes and the network total depth is segmented to identify source, relay and neighbor nodes. Simulation results reveal better performance of the scheme than the counterparts DBR and EEDBR techniques in terms of energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.
Khan, Muhammad Aaqil,Hamayun, Muhammad,Iqbal, Amjad,Khan, Sumera Afzal,Hussain, Anwar,Asaf, Sajjad,Khan, Abdul Latif,Yun, Byung-Wook,Lee, In-Jung Portland Press Ltd. 2018 Biochemical journal Vol.475 No.18
<P>Flooding is an abiotic stress that creates hypoxic conditions triggered by redox potential leading to restricted growth and grain yield in plants. In the current study, we have investigated the effect of exogenous gibberellins (GA(4+7)) on soybean under flooding stress. A regulatory role of GAs on biochemical changes in soybean plants [including chlorophyll contents, endogenous bioactive GA(1) and GA(4), endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA)] has been elucidated after 3 and 6 h of flooding stress. The modulation of stress-related bio-chemicals and their genetic determinants [for instance, ABA (Timing of CAB expression1-TOC1, ABA-receptor-ABAR) and NO (S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-GSNOR1, NO overproducer1-NOX, and nitrite reductase-NR)] in response to short-term flooding stress were also explored. The current study showed that exogenous GAs rescued chlorophyll contents, enhanced endogenous bioactive GA(1) and GA(4) levels, endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and checked the rate of ABA biosynthesis under short-term flooding. The exo-GAs induced the glutathione activity and reduced the resulting superoxide anion contents during short-term flooding in Pungsannamul soybean. Exo-GAs also triggered the endogenous S-nitrosothiols (precursor for increased NO production) that have been decreased over the time. Moreover, the exo-GAs could impinge a variety of biochemical and transcriptional programs that are ameliorative to plant growth during short-term flooding stress. The presence of GA(1) and GA(4) also confirms the presence of both C13-hydroxylation pathway and non-C13-hydroxylation pathway in soybean, respectively.</P>
Anwar Khalil Sheikh,Muhammad Azhar Ali Khan 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.7
The quality of steel castings was analyzed in this paper through integrated simulations and experiments. The standard tensile specimens were considered as actual cast products. These specimens were prepared using a multi-cavity mold which was initially designed using standards and foundry practices followed by its optimization in casting simulation software MAGMA Soft. The specimens produced with the optimized mold were then tested under tension until fracture. Porosity predicted in casting simulations was integrated to finite element simulations of tensile testing. Simulated and experimental results were compared, discussed, and conclusions drawn. Some specimens indicated discrepancy in the simulated and experimental stress-strain behavior; however, porosity was not found responsible for this disagreement as confirmed through X-ray imaging and by comparing the simulated and actual porosities. It is concluded that the quality of cast specimens is compromised due to ineffective heat treatment which should be done in a more controlled manner for improved quality and performance of castings produced using multi-cavity molds.
Melissa parviflora Benth. A Review on its Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological profile
Khan, Afshan,Siddiqui, Aisha,Jamal, Anwar Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2019 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.9 No.4
Melissa parviflora Benth. is an aromatic perennial herb of Lamiaceae family. It is one of the most influencial plant and used from centuries in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of various malady such as Epilepsy (mirgi), hemiplegia (falij), migraine (shaqeeqa), insomnia (sehar), indigestion (sue hazm) and palpitation (khafqaan) etc. The Persian physician Avicenna endorsed it for heart problems. It has antitubercular, antipyretic, analgesic and stomachic properties, also used to remove bad breath from mouth, strengthen the gums but its main action is as a tranquillizer and nervine relaxant, it is greatly esteemed for its calming properties. Preliminary performed phytochemical analysis revealed that tannin, flavonoid and saponins are the major components of the plant extract. The plants containing saponins or flavonoids exhibit anticonvulsant activity whereas the flavonoids show various biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic-antitumor etc. Keeping in view the tremendous medicinal importance of the plant Badranjboya in Unani Medicine, this review provides updated information on its phytochemistry, therapeutic uses and pharmacological properties.
Smart Real-Time Video Surveillance Platform for Drowsiness Detection Based on Eyelid Closure
Tayab Khan, Muhammad,Anwar, Hafeez,Ullah, Farman,Ur Rehman, Ata,Ullah, Rehmat,Iqbal, Asif,Lee, Bok-Hee,Kwak, Kyung Sup WILEY INTERSCIENCE 2019 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING Vol.2019 No.-
<P>We propose drowsiness detection in real-time surveillance videos by determining if a person’s eyes are open or closed. As a first step, the face of the subject is detected in the image. In the detected face, the eyes are localized and filtered with an extended Sobel operator to detect the curvature of the eyelids. Once the curves are detected, concavity is used to tell whether the eyelids are closed or open. Consequently, a concave upward curve means the eyelid is closed whereas a concave downwards curve means the eye is open. The proposed method is also implemented on hardware in order to be used in real-time scenarios, such as driver drowsiness detection. The evaluation of the proposed method used three image datasets, where images in the first dataset have a uniform background. The proposed method achieved classification accuracy of up to 95% on this dataset. Another benchmark dataset used has significant variations based on face deformations. With this dataset, our method achieved classification accuracy of 70%. A real-time video dataset of people driving the car was also used, where the proposed method achieved 95% accuracy, thus showing its feasibility for use in real-time scenarios.</P>
Optimal Campaign Strategies in Fractional-Order Smoking Dynamics
Zeb, Anwar,Zaman, Gul,Jung, Il Hyo,Khan, Madad Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. A, A journal Vol.69 No.5
<P>This paper deals with the optimal control problem in the giving up smoking model of fractional order. For the eradication of smoking in a community, we introduce three control variables in the form of education campaign, anti-smoking gum, and anti-nicotive drugs/medicine in the proposed fractional order model. We discuss the necessary conditions for the optimality of a general fractional optimal control problem whose fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. In order to do this, we minimize the number of potential and occasional smokers and maximize the number of ex-smokers. We use Pontryagin’s maximum principle to characterize the optimal levels of the three controls. The resulting optimality system is solved numerically by MATLAB.</P>
( Ayaz Anwar ),( Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ),( Muhammad Raza Shah ),( Naveed Ahmed Khan ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.5
Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype may cause a fatal brain infection known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, and the vision-threatening eye infection Acanthamoeba keratitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiamoebic effects of three clinically available antidiabetic drugs, Glimepiride, Vildagliptin and Repaglinide, against A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Furthermore, we attempted to conjugate these drugs with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance their antiamoebic effects. Amoebicidal, encystation, excystation, and host cell cytotoxicity assays were performed to unravel any antiacanthamoebic effects. Vildagliptin conjugated silver nanoparticles (Vgt-AgNPs) characterized by spectroscopic techniques and atomic force microscopy were synthesized. All three drugs showed antiamoebic effects against A. castellanii and significantly blocked the encystation. These drugs also showed significant cysticidal effects and reduced host cell cytotoxicity caused by A. castellanii. Moreover, Vildagliptin-coated silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and are shown to enhance its antiacanthamoebic potency at significantly reduced concentration. The repurposed application of the tested antidiabetic drugs and their nanoparticles against free-living amoeba such as Acanthamoeba castellanii described here is a novel outcome that holds tremendous potential for future applications against devastating infection.
( Ayaz Anwar ),( Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ),( Muhammad Raza Shah ),( Naveed Ahmed Khan ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.1
Parasitic infections have remained a significant burden on human and animal health. In part, this is due to lack of clinically-approved, novel antimicrobials and a lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. An alternative approach is to modify existing clinically-approved drugs for efficient delivery formulations to ensure minimum inhibitory concentration is achieved at the target site. Nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs through modification of nanoparticles with ligands. Amphotericin B, nystatin, and fluconazole are clinically available drugs in the treatment of amoebal and fungal infections. These drugs were conjugated with gold nanoparticles. To characterize these goldconjugated drug, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed. These drugs and their gold nanoconjugates were examined for antimicrobial activity against the protist pathogen, Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype. Moreover, host cell cytotoxicity assays were accomplished. Cytotoxicity of these drugs and drug-conjugated gold nanoparticles was also determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Gold nanoparticles conjugation resulted in enhanced bioactivity of all three drugs with amphotericin B producing the most significant effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii (p < 0.05). In contrast, bare gold nanoparticles did not exhibit antimicrobial potency. Furthermore, amoebae treated with drugs-conjugated gold nanoparticles showed reduced cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. In this report, we demonstrated the use of nanotechnology to modify existing clinically-approved drugs and enhance their efficacy against pathogenic amoebae. Given the lack of development of novel drugs, this is a viable approach in the treatment of neglected diseases.