A Review of Greenhouse Energy Management by Using Building Energy Simulation

Adnan Rasheed(아드난 라쉬드),Jong Won Lee(이종원),Hyun Woo Lee(이현우) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2015 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.24 No.4

본 논문에서는 온실작물 생육에 적절한 미기상환경을 제공하기 위한 최적의 조건을 찾아내기 위하여 TRNSYS 프로그램을 이용하여 온실의 구조 및 환경인자와 에너지공급기술들에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 실시한 연구논문들을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 온실에너지 관리를 위해 사용되고 있는 여러 가지 에너지시스템과 기술들에 관하여 검토하고 이들에 대해 TRNSYS 시뮬레이션을 통해 실시한 효율분석에 관하여 검토하는 것이다. 사용가능한 에너지자원과 다양한 외부기상조건에 따른 에너지절감기술들의 성능을 분석하기 위한 여러 가지 시뮬레이션 모델들에 대해서도 검토하였다. 사용자가 정의하는 인자들을 사용하여 하이브리드 농업시설을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는 TRNSYS 프로그램의 주요 구조들을 찾아내었다. 문헌검토에서 얻어진 결과를 토대로 TRNSYS 프로그램을 이용하여 온실의 에너지관리를 위한 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하는데 필요한 몇 가지 중요한 결론들을 도출하였다. TRNSYS 프로그램은 앞으로 온실의 에너지 시뮬레이션을 수행하는데 크게 활용될 것으로 기대된다. This paper attempts to present a review about simulation of different greenhouse parameters and energy supplying techniques by using building energy simulation, to find out the optimal solution for keeping greenhouse microclimate favorable for the crop production. The objectives of conducting this study were, to describe the various energy systems and techniques used for the greenhouse energy management and efficiency analysis of these technologies by using building energy simulation. We describe different models to understand the behavior of the energy saving technologies with respect to the resources available and different outside climatic conditions. We identified main features of the building energy simulation software, that enable users, to simulate hybrid agricultural building projects by using user defined parameters. At the end of the paper we draw some important concluding remarks on the basis of reviewing all the investigators contributions for the developments of simulation model of agricultural greenhouse energy management, using a building energy simulation software specifically TRNSYS. In conclusion, this paper provides information that TRNSYS have great potential for agricultural buildings energy simulation along with the renewable energy resources and energy saving techniques. This review paper provides aid to greenhouse researcher and energy planner for the future studies of greenhouses energy planning.

Evaluation of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of Different Greenhouse Thermal Screens Using Building Energy Simulation

Adnan Rasheed(라쉬드아드난),Jong Won Lee(이종원),Hyun Woo Lee(이현우) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2018 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.27 No.4

겨울철에 열손실을 줄이기 위해 많은 온실에서 보온커튼을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 적절한 보온커튼을 선택할 때 판단 자료로 활용할 수 있는 명확한 기준이 없는 실정이며 이를 위해서는 보온재의 보온 특성에 대한 정량적인 값이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 BES를 사용하여 보온커튼의 관류열전달계수를 산정하는 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하였다. 일중 및 이중 PE필름 피복에 대한 관류열전달계수의 실험값을 사용하여 시뮬레이션 결과를 검증하였다. 검증된 모델을 사용하여 문헌에서 제시된 각종 열적 특성을 가진 보온커튼에 대한 관류열전달계수를 산정하고 비교분석하였다. 개발된 시뮬레이션 모델은 다양한 보온커튼의 관류열전달계수를 산정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 제시된 관류열전달계수는 보온커튼의 성능을 정량적으로 비교하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In winter, thermal screens are widely used to reduce heat loss from greenhouse to save energy. Unfortunately, not much data are available to the farmer to compare thermal screens while selecting the one that meets their specific requirements. Thus, there is a need to investigate the thermal performance of thermal screens. To address this issue, the Building Energy Simulation (BES) model of a hot box was used to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of the thermal screens. To validate the model, computed and experimental U-values of singleand double-layered polyethylene (PE) material were compared. This validated model was used to predict the U-values of the selected thermal screens under defined weather conditions. We quantified the U-values of each selected material and significant changes in their U-values were noted in response to different weather conditions. Notably, the thermal properties of the tested screens were taken from the previous literature to calculate U-values using the BES model. The U-values of the thermal screens can help researchers and farmers evaluate their screens and make pre-design decisions that suit their investment capabilities.

Development of a Dynamic Simulation Model for Energy Analysis of Greenhouse Control Strategies Using TRNSYS

( Adnan Rasheed ),( Wook-ho Na ),( Jong-won Lee ),( Hyun-woo Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.1

This research was aimed to develop a dynamic greenhouse Building Energy Simulation (BES) model for the energy analysis of control strategies, including, thermal curtain, natural ventilation, and heating set point, of greenhouse by using TRNSYS 18 program. The simulations were performed in order to assess the influence of different thermal screens on heat loss and heating requirement of the greenhouse. Further assessment was done to thermal screens control strategies with outside weather conditions for the optimal time to open and close a screen to save energy. Moreover, natural vents control with greenhouse internal temperature were analyzed.

BES를 이용한 핫박스 모델 개발 및 검증

라쉬드아드난 ( Adnan Rasheed ),이종원 ( Jong Won Lee ),이현우 ( Hyun Woo Lee ) 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2016 No.-

Building energy simulation (BES) model of hot box was developed by using TRNSYS, to investigate the overall heat transfer coefficient, U-vlaue(W · m^-1· k^-1) of different greenhouse covering materials based on specified weather conditions. The tests were carried out with extensively using greenhouse covering materials, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and horticulture glass (HR). In addition we defined all test materials in TRNSYS on the bases of their optical and thermal properties. The model was calibrated by using different inside and outside convective heat transfer coefficient values suggested by different studies to find out the best relation with the experimental. The BES model of hot box shows very good agreement, when validated with experimentally obtained results. Furthermore, influence of different weather parameters, in which inside/outside temperature difference, wind speed, and long wave radiation losses are more drastic were investigated. It was found that U-value increases with increase in temperature difference. And for the given temperature difference U-value increase as wind velocity increases. The effect of night sky radiation were found higher for the low temperature difference and significant change occurs when temperature difference reaches 20 ℃.

Sargassum swartzii extracts ameliorate memory functions by neurochemical modulation in a rat model

Pirzada Jamal Ahmed Siddiqui,Adnan Khan,Nizam Uddin,Saima Khaliq,Munawwer Rasheed,Shazia Nawaz,Ahsana Dar,Muhammad Hanif 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.4

Recently, considerable attention has been paid to drug exploration from natural sources for treating memory loss, a major manifestation of various neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidences implicate brain serotonin metabolism in learning and memory, supporting the notion that targeting 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine) and its receptors would be beneficial in the treatment of cognitive disorders. In the present study, behavioral and neurochemical effects were examined following administration of Sargassum swartzii extracts in albino Wistar rats. Increase in spatial working memory and recognition memory was exhibited by the seaweed-treated rats as compared to controls. Plasma tryptophan, brain 5-HT, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels were measured using HPLC–ECD, and a significant increase in brain 5-HT metabolism was observed in the seaweed-treated rats. The increase in memory functions following repeated administration of S. swartzii extracts is suggested to be due to the increased serotonergic neurotransmission in the brain of seaweed-treated rats.

Analysis of Energy-efficient Design of Multi-span Greenhouse by Using Building Energy Simulation

Hyun Woo Lee,Adnan Rasheed,Cheul Soon Kwak,Wook Ho Na,Jong Won Lee,Hyeon Tae Kim 한국원예학회 2020 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2020 No.11

Modeling of Multi-span Greenhouse Micro-environment from Energy Conservation Point of View

Hyun Woo Lee,Adnan Rasheed,Cheul Soon Kwak,Wook Ho Na,Jong Won Lee,Hyeon Tae Kim 한국원예학회 2020 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2020 No.11

온실 유형별 설비 및 작물하중 분석

이현우 ( Hyun Woo Lee ),라쉬드아드난 ( Adnan Rasheed ),이종원 ( Jong Won Lee ),나욱호 ( Wook Ho Na ),곽철순 ( Cheul Soon Kwak ) 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2016 No.-

한국의 온실구조 설계기준 및 해설, 일본의 원예용시설안전구조기준(잠정기준), 유럽의 EN1991-1-3, 미국의 온실구조설계 매뉴얼에서 제시하고 있는 설비하중과 작물하중 기준을 서로 비교하였다. 또한 우리나라에서 사용하고 있는 온실에 대해 유형별로 온실구조와 설비 및 작물하중의 특성을 비교하였다. 한국기준의 설비하중은 유럽의 기준과 유사하게 차광시스템과 관수장비에 대하여 설계하중을 제시하고 있으나 구체적인 값은 다르게 제시하고 있어 이에 대한 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 일본의 설비하중 기준에서는 가장 불리한 조건과 동적영향을 고려하도록 규정하고 있다. 미국의 설비하중기준에서는 작물하중을 포함한 최대 설비하중을 제시하고 있다. 한국기준의 작물하중은 유럽의 기준과 동일한 값을 제시하고 있으며 토마토, 오이, 딸기, 분화에 대해서만 구체적인 값을 제시하고 있다. 일본의 기준에서는 모든 작물에 대하여 동일한 값을 제시하고 있으나 최근 재배시스템의 많은 변화가 있기 때문에 이러한 변화를 고려한 작물하중에 대한 규명이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Measurement of Long-Wave Radiometric Properties of Energy Saving Screens for Greenhouse

( Adeel Rafiq ),( Wook-ho Na ),( Adnan Rasheed ),( Hyun-woo Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.1

Appropriate climate screen can control the temperature and has the huge impact on the quantity and quality of crop. Precise measurement of long-wave radiative properties of screens are vital to select the suitable screen for greenhouse so that the desired temperature and the favorable environment can be provided to plants during night time. Energy saving of screens can also be calculated by giving these properties as an input in a physical model. In literature two approaches are available to measure these properties i.e. by using spectrophotometer and using wide-band radiometers. This study proposed a modified radiation balance method (PRBQ) for determining the total hemispherical long-wave radiative properties of screens by using wide-band radiometers. During this experiment one film and three screens were tested. Polyethylene (PE) film is used as reference material to verify the ability of the setup. Results showed similar radiometric values as given in the literature for polyethylene (PE) film.

Measurement of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients of Horizontal Thermal Screens under Natural Conditions

Adeel Rafiq(라피크아딜),Wook Ho Na(나욱호),Adnan Rasheed(라쉬드아드난),Hyeon Tae Kim(김현태),Hyun Woo Lee(이현우) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2020 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.29 No.1

대류열전달은 겨울철 온실 열손실의 중요한 원인이 되며, 일반적으로 복사열에 의한 손실보다 더 크다. 스크린의 대류열전달계수를 자연상태에서 측정한 연구가 수행된 바는 있지만 상하면의 재질이 동일하고 공극이 없는 스크린에 대해서는 적용을 할 수 없는 방법이다. 이러한 재질의 스크린은 한국에서 많이 사용되고 있으나 대류열전달 특성을 파악하는데 많은 어려움이 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 공극이 없는 3가지 종류의 스크린에 대해 대류열전달계수를 구하였으며, 계수를 산정하기 위하여 복사열수지 이론에 근거하여 산정방법을 개발하였다. 실험장치에 스크린을 설치하고 일사량, 장파복사량, 대기온도, 스크린 및 흑색천의 표면온도, 풍속 등을 측정하였다. 스크린의 표면온도와 주변온도의 차이에 따른 대류열전달계수를 산정하였다. 풍속이 거의 없는 상태에서 온도의 차이가 증가함에 따라 계수는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Convective heat transfer is the main component of greenhouse energy loss because the energy loss by this mechanism is greater than those of the other two components (radiative and conductive). Previous studies have examined the convective heat transfer coefficients under natural conditions, but they are not applicable to symmetric thermal screens with zero porosity, and such screens are largely produced and used in Korea. However, the properties of these materials have not been reported in the literature, which causes selectivity issues for users. Therefore, in this study, three screens having similar color and zero porosity were selected, and a mathematical procedure based on radiation balance equations was developed to determine their convective heat transfer coefficients. To conduct the experiment, a hollow wooden structure was built and the thermal screen was tacked over this frame; the theoretical model was applied underneath and over the screen. Input parameters included three components: 1) solar and thermal fluxes; 2) temperature of the screen, black cloth, and ambient air; and 3) wind velocity. The convective heat transfer coefficients were determined as functions of the air–screen temperature difference under open-air environmental conditions. It was observed from the outcomes that the heat transfer coefficients decreased with the increase of the air–screen temperature difference provided that the wind velocity was nearly zero.