Thermodynamic Investigation of Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation

Shen, Wen Jie,Jun, Ki Won,Choi, Ho Suk,Lee, Kyu Wan 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.17 No.2

The thermodynamics involved in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ have been examined extensively. By assuming that methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) are the main products, two reaction systems each consisting of two pararell reactions were analyzed and compared in terms of the equilibrium yield and selectivity of the useful products, methanol and DME. The calculation results demonstrated that the production of DME allows much higher oxygenate yield and selectivity than that of methanol.

Limiting Factors for Ecological Remediation of Abandoned Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Mine Tailings and a Field Survey of Rees Hyperaccumulating Plants in Ganzhou, China

Wen-Shen Liu,Chang Liu,Ye-Tao Tang,Rong-Liang Qiu,Wen-Kai Teng,Zhi-Wei Wang 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Cloning and sequence analysis of Wild Argali short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 cDNA

Wen Shen,Kaili Chen,Yanming Sun,Haiying Guo,Dongmei Chen,Yang Cao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.5

Objective: Experiments were conducted to clone the sequence of Wild Argali short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) cDNA, and to lay the foundation for further study the biological function of Wild Argali SPLUNC1. Methods: The complete sequence of Wild Argali SPLUNC1 cDNA was generated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The entire coding sequence was inserted into the pPIC9K vector and expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) GS115. The recombinant SPLUNC1 protein was detected by Western blot and purified by Ni2+ chelate affinity chromatography. The test of effect of the protein on Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (MO) was performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The Wild Argali SPLUNC1 cDNA was 1,076 bp with an open reading frame of 768 bp, which encoded a 26.49 kDa protein composed of 255 amino acids. Its amino acid sequence shared 98.4%, 96.9%, 94.5%, 90.2%, 80.8%, 78.4%, 78.3%, 72.5%, 72.3%, 68.8% identity with those of SPLUNC1 cDNA from Ovis aries (accession no. NP_001288334.1), Capra hircus (accession no. XP_005688516.1), Pantholops hodgsonii (accession no. XP_005979709.1), Bos taurus (accession no. NP_776851.1), Felis catus (accession no. XP_006929910.1), Homo sapiens (accession no. NP_001230122.1), Sus scrofa (accession no. NP_001005727.1), Chinchilla lanigera (accession no. NP_001269294.1), Mus musculus (accession no. NP_035256.2), and Rattus norvegicus (accession no. NP_742028.1), respectively. The recombinant protein corresponded to the expected molecular mass of 25.47 kDa as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it was detected in the supernatant of P. pastoris, and it could be purified. The results from the test of inhibition effect of argali recombinant SPLUNC1 protein on MO showed that the product could inhibit MO very well (p<0.01). Conclusion: The amino acid sequence of Wild Argali SPLUNC1 was different from other organisms. The recombinant SPLUNC1 protein has good biological activity.

Applying Boolean logic algorithm for photomask pattern design

Wen-Hsing Kao,Bo-Shen Liou,Wen-Hsiang Shen,Yung-Lung Tsou 한국정보기술융합학회 2013 JoC Vol.4 No.2

The reason for the trend in high-level large-area photomasks is that mask size is becoming larger and the line size and gap design is becoming thinner. In addition, the uniformity requirements for producing photomasks are becoming stricter. Consequently, the difficulties faced in manufacturing photomasks have substantially increased and a particular graphic process is required to assist with improving the yield of photomask production. During the etching process of mask production, a non-uniform etching rate produces an inferior uniformity of the critical dimensions. The reasons for the inferior etching rate results include the uniformity of the photomask pattern, the spin speed of the etching machine, and the nozzle of the etching arms. This research focuses on the photomask pattern line-width compensation for improving uniformity and precision. The research combines logical operations to select the patterns that are necessary for special compensation, adding the appropriate compensation value to the pattern and combining it with the original pattern to generate a complete photomask pattern to compensate for the inferior etching rate that produces inferior line-width uniformity.

Controlling the Precursor Morphology of Ni-rich Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Cathode for Lithium-ion Battery

Wen-Zhe Shen,Yi Ma,Yaochun Yao,Feng Liang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.8

Ni-rich Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 cathode material is widely recognized as one of the most cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity, high energy density and low cost. In this paper, the NCM cathode material precursor Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 was prepared by coprecipitation method and the optimum experimental conditions were investigated. The effects of water bath temperature on the electrochemical performances of the prepared materials were investigated by controlling the morphology. The results showed that 60 ℃ was the best bath temperature for the precursor which has a regular spheroidal morphology and uniform particles with the diameter of 10 μm. After coprecipitation, the samples calcined under oxygen atmosphere displayed good electrochemical properties. The discharge specific capacity is up to 194 mA · h · g -1 and 134 mA · h · g -1 at 0.2 ℃ and 5 ℃, respectively. The initial coulombic efficiency is 87.57% at 0.2 ℃.

Preferential Induction of CYP1A1 over CYP1B1 in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells after Exposure to Berberine

Wen, Chun-Jie,Wu, Lan-Xiang,Fu, Li-Juan,Shen, Dong-Ya,Zhang, Xue,Zhang, Yi-Wen,Yu, Jing,Zhou, Hong-Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Estrogens are considered the major breast cancer risk factor, and the carcinogenic potential of estrogens might be attributed to DNA modification caused by derivatives formed during metabolism. $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$), the main steroidal estrogen present in women, is metabolized via two major pathways: formation of 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH $E_2$) and 4-hydroxyestradiol ($4-OH\;E_2$) through the action of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1, respectively. Previous reports suggested that $2-OH\;E_2$ has putative protective effects, while $4-OH\;E_2$ is genotoxic and has potent carcinogenic activity. Thus, the ratio of $2-OH\;E_2/4-OH\;E_2$ is a critical determinant of the toxicity of $E_2$ in mammary cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of berberine on the expression profile of the estrogen metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Berberine treatment produced significant induction of both forms at the level of mRNA expression, but with increased doses produced 16~ to 52~fold greater induction of CYP1A1 mRNA over CYP1B1 mRNA. Furthermore, berberine dramatically increased CYP1A1 protein levels but did not influence CYP1B1 protein levels in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, we present the first report to show that berberine may provide protection against breast cancer by altering the ratio of CYP1A1/CYP1B1, could redirect $E_2$ metabolism in a more protective pathway in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Lycorine: A Potential Broad-Spectrum Agent Against Crop Pathogenic Fungi

( Jin Wen Shen ),( Yuan Ruan ),( Wei Ren ),( Bing Ji Ma ),( Xiao Long Wang ),( Chun Feng Zheng ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

A screening test showed that lycorine exhibited significant antifungal activity against 24 pathogenic crop fungi at concentrations of 500μg/ml and 100μg/ml, respectively. Fusarium graminearum was selected for antifungal mechanism studies by observing its mycelial morphology and investigating the variations in its conductivity. In addition, the substance absorption and metabolism of F. graminearum were explored. The mechanism was revealed as being one by which lycorine destroyed the cellular membrane and further influenced substance absorption and cell metabolism.

韓國李圭景《詩家點燈ㆍ律陶》自然生命意識初論

沈文凡(Shen Wen fan),??(Nie Yao) 동아인문학회 2010 동아인문학 Vol.18 No.-

Our ancient Poetry Talks were about the discussion of poem, poet, the orgin of the poem, the comment of the poem and so on, which gradually become more and more important in the study of ancient poems. Poetry Talks in Korea collect a large number of our ancient poems which are better literature value and historical status and the worthy of our attention is its unique comments. This thesis selects the “SHI JIA DIAN DENG LU TAO” which was wrriten by Li Gui-jing as study object and takes nature as the central idea which revolves the clue of real, aesthetic and perfect as investigation and argumnetation. Tao Yuan-ming is an natural poet and philosopher and his poems are full of emotion and logic. Many writers inherits Tao Yuan-ming’s poems and thinking. This thesis focuses the natural life consciousness and cultural contents of the poems of Tao Yuan-ming for the purpose of addition on the study of the poems’ of Tao Yuan-ming.

1930년대 기교주의 논쟁에 나타난 인식의 준거점 -형식과 내용, 그리고 영감-

신문봉 ( Shen Wen-feng ) 우리어문학회 2022 우리어문연구 Vol.74 No.-

기교주의 논쟁의 시작과 끝은 기교주의 개념의 생성과 해체 과정을 같이 한다. 기교주의 개념은 엄밀한 의미에서 이론용어보다는 한시적으로 나타난 비평용어에 가깝다. 이런 개념을 둘러싼 논쟁이 그동안 비평사에서 중요한 지위를 점할 수 있었던 이유는 개념 자체가 지닌 이론성보다 여기에 참여했던 김기림, 임화, 박용철이 갖고 있는 문단적 지위가 큰 몫을 점하였기 때문이다. 세 논자는 부동한 인식의 준거점에 근거하여 개념을 인식하였는데, 낭만주의의 안티테제로서 등장한 기교주의는 그 변별지점에 있어서 부동한 양상을 보인다. 김기림은 초창기부터 시의 기술문제에 깊은 관심을 보였고 이를 근대성의 중요한 특질로 삼았다. 그가 이해하는 기술이란 기교와 동등한 개념으로서 시의 형식에 집중하면서 지성을 강조한다. 이 같이 중요한 기교에 대하여 4반세기 동안 시단에서 충분한 자각이 이뤄지지 못했다는 점이 기교주의 탄생의 의의이자 필요성이라 여겼고, 자각이 있기 전까지는 낭만주의 또는 내용주의 시관이 시단을 주도했다고 지적했다. 이로부터 알 수 있듯이 김기림은 ‘형식’을 인식의 준거점으로 삼아 기교주의와 낭만주의를 구별하였고 낭만주의는 또한 형식면에 있어서 무기교성이란 점으로 인해 내용주의와 동등한 것으로 치부되었다. 임화는 낭만주의를 주관성 측면에서 논의하였는데, 주관성을 지닌 낭만주의는 미래적인 방향을 새롭게 제시할 수 있다는 점에서 임화로부터 긍정적으로 평가받는다. 그러나 김기림과 대조적이게 임화의 낭만주의는 내용주의의 한 측면으로서 다루어지고 있으며, 내용주의는 형식주의와 직접적인 대립을 이룬다. 동시에 임화는 기교주의를 형식주의와 동일시하면서 사실상 ‘내용’을 준거점으로 삼아 기교주의와 내용주의를 구별하였고, 낭만주의는 내용주의의 일부로서 치부되는 양상이다. 박용철의 시론에는 낭만주의적 정신이 깃들어 있는데 특히 시의 영감을 강조한다. 그는 고전주의와 기교주의에 대한 비판에서 유사한 측면을 보였는데, 이를 통해 ‘영감’을 인식의 준거점으로 삼아 기교주의와 낭만주의를 변별하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 하지만 박용철은 영감을 중요시하지만 시의 형식적 기교를 동시에 강조하기도 하였고, 이로 인하여 임화로부터 수구적 기교주의라는 비판을 받기도 한다. 그러나 그의 관련 논문을 살펴본 결과 변용으로 대표되는 박용철의 기술론은 여전히 ‘영감’을 주축으로 한 낭만주의적 특성을 지니고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이처럼 김기림, 임화, 박용철은 기교주의 개념을 둘러싼 논쟁을 통하여 각자 부동한 문학적 입장을 드러낼 수 있는 계기를 획득하였는데, 이것이 기교주의 논쟁이 문학사에서 중요한 위치를 점할 수 있는 중요한 근거가 된다. The beginning and end of the Technicalism Debate coincides with the creation and dissolution of the concept of “technicalism”. In a strict sense, the concept of technicalism is closer to a term temporarily used in criticism rather than a theoretical term. The reason that the debate over this concept occupies an important position in contemporary discourse is because the literary status of Kim-kirim, Im-hwa, and Park-yongchul, who used this concept, played a bigger role than the theoretical nature of the concept itself. Each of the three authors focused on different aspects to engage with the concept, but the technicalism that emerged as the antithesis of romanticism showed a different aspect. Kim-kirim displayed a deep interest in the technical issues of poetry from the beginning and considered it to be an important characteristic of modernism. According to him, skill was equivalent to technique, and there was an emphasis on wisdom that was concentrated on the form of poetry. The advent of technicalism was considered to be significant and necessary because there was not enough awareness around this important technique in the field of poetry for over half a century. Thus, Kim-kirim distinguished between technicalism and romanticism on the basis of 'form', and romanticism was regarded as being same as contentism in terms of form because it was new. Im-hwa discussed romanticism in terms of subjectivity, and he viewed it in a positive light, he deemed it to be capable of heralding a new future. However, in contrast to Kim-kirim, Im-hwa's romanticism is treated as a part of 'contentism', which is in direct opposition to formalism. At the same time, Im-hwa identified technicalismwith formalism and, in fact, differentiated technicalism from contentism based on ‘content’, and romanticism was dismissed as being a part of contentism. Park-yongchul's poetry has a romantic spirit, and he especially emphasizes on the inspiration in poetry. His critique of classicism and technicalism was also equally similar. He distinguished between technicalism and romanticism via the concept of 'inspiration'. However, Park-yongchul also emphasized the formal technique of poetry, and after examining his work on the subject, we find that Park-yongchul's technicalism, represented by transformation, still has romantic characteristics based on 'inspiration'. In this way, Kim-kirim, Im-hwa, and Park-yongchul represented important literary positions in modernist poetry, realism poetry, and traditional lyric poetry through the debate over the concept of “technicalism”.

화학적 공침법을 이용한 침상형 페라이트 합성

( Jiao Wen Shen ),임윤희 ( Yun Hui Lim ),조영민 ( Young Min Jo ) 한국공업화학회 2011 공업화학 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구에서는 화학적 공침법을 적용하여 가스상 이산화탄소 분해를 위한 나노크기의 M-페라이트(M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)를 제조하였다. 열중량 분석 결과, 시험제조한 모든 시료의 최고 무게 감소율은 350 ℃ 미만에서 발생하였다. 소성온도가 증가할수록 결정형은 우수하여 표면촉매활성화를 기대할 수 있지만, 입자결정의 크기가 크고, 비표면적이 낮은 페라이트가 합성됨을 알 수 있었다. FT-IR 분석으로부터 375~406 cm-1의 범위에서 octahedral site에 착화물이 존재함을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 이는 페라이트 내 스피넬 구조가 형성되어 있음을 보여주는 것이라고 믿는다. 본 연구로부터 얻은 이산화탄소 분해반응을 위한 금속페라이트의 최적 열처리 온도는 500 ℃인 것으로 나타났다. In this work, nano-sized M-ferrites (M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) for the decomposition of carbon dioxide were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation. From the thermogravimetric analysis, it was clear that the maximum weight loss of each sample took place below 350 ℃. High temperature calcination resulted in more systematic crystallines, smaller specific surface area and larger particle size. An analysis by FTIR in the range of 375~406 cm-1 revealed the presence of chelates at the octahedral site, which implies the formation of spinel structure in the ferrites. The current work showed that a 500 ℃ is the optimum heat treatment temperature of metal ferrites for CO2 decomposition reaction.