Thematic Pavilion

soma 현대건축사 2012 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.158

通過有計劃的能力建設加强出口表現: 印度服裝産業的一個硏究

( Soma Arora ),( Sanjiv Mittal ) 한국마케팅과학회 2011 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.2 No.1

The process of firms making sequential foreign direct investments have been an area of interest and research for long in the field of International Business. International trade literature is wrought with indebtedness towards FDI as a policy for economic development, especially while tracing the growth path of tiger economies in South East Asia. However, little has been revealed on the subject of OFDI [outward foreign direct investment] in the context of Indian or South East Asian companies. OFDI is better understood as Indian firms investing abroad through various methods like: marketing and sales subsidiaries, production facilities, global brand management, takeovers, acquisitions and wholly owned subsidiaries This becomes not only a method of entering a foreign market but also the process of increasing foreign commitments in host countries. This draws attention to the process of internationalization followed by these countries so as to capture overseas markets and improve the volume of international trade. Much of the early literature on internationalization behaviour concludes that the process involves a series of incremental ``stages`` whereby firms gradually become involved in exporting and other forms of international business. As they do so, they commit greater resources to foreign markets and target countries that are increasingly ``psychically`` distant (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977). This by far is the best study on methodology of internationalization prior to the path breaking research of Sea Jin Chang in 1992 when the process of sequential entry by Japanese firms into US had been analysed and documented for developing country references. This became the source and inspiration of this study. It was deemed that a background as rich and endowed as India`s history of foreign trade, should naturally lead to rapid international-isation in the modern era. The theoretical framework for the study has been drawn from Duning`s OLI Paradigm which relates various forms of International production to the three core advantages owned by the company - ownership, location and internalization. Therefore the OFDI becomes a function of capacity built along these lines. The four significant areas of capacity building at a micro level emerges as: skilled workforce; information technology; marketing network and cumulative learning. After identifying these areas, the major difficulty faced by the researcher was in terms of lack of availability of a research instrument to collect empirical data to study these areas of capacity building and level of internationalisation. The next important task therefore became to develop a reliable and validated questionnaire which can be used in data collection for multivariate data analysis. This led to development of a summated rating scale through factor analysis and reliability testing in a pilot study conducted amongst exporters of Delhi/NCR. It was a tedious and cumbersome process working on so many dependent and independent variables together. The principal component analysis significantly reduced the complexity of this task by grouping interdependent variables into independent factors which were further used in intensive data collection and inferential studies. The research instrument is one of the important contributions from this study and detailed heavily in the paper. To further cement the relationship between the variables a functional concept is desired in the form of discriminant analysis. As is known discriminant analysis is used primarily to predict membership in two or more mutually exclusive groups. For instance, group of exporters who built capacity during internationalization and the group which did not. These are two discrete groups that can be identified using sufficient information from level of investments made in significant areas like - Information Technology; marketing network; cumulative overseas experience and skilled workforce as the independent variable used in the study. From these variables it is endeavoured to create a formula that differentiates or discriminates between the two groups. This newly found formula - if it discriminates successfully could be used to analyse the liklehood of future prospects in capacity building. The last section in Results and Discussion states the important factors which influence mature internationalization and therefore rightful nodes for planned capacity building. It was seen that Organisation, systems, commercial and operational capacity building are best identified as investment areas for mature internationalization. Any company having varied levels of in-vestments in select areas of capacity building can eventually predict its grouping in high or low degree of internationalization- the ultimate objective of business modeling.. It is the researcher`s earnest hope and desire to satisfy the superior intellect of the reader and at the same time maintain a realistic estimate of the variables on ground while unfolding the given framework.

Deforestation and the Garo Women of Modhupur Garh, Bangladesh

Soma Dey 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2008 Asian Women Vol.24 No.3

Garos have been considered as the earliest inhabitants of Modhupur Garh forest. In the matrilineal society of Garos, women play the role of major provider of their family sustenance through exploiting biological resources of the forest. But the degradation of natural sal forest, which has become severe after the liberation war of Bangladesh, has made their task difficult. They are trying hard to cope with the degrading status of sal forest. Various changes have already taken place in their traditional societal structure and economy. The present study tries to focus on the negative and positive outcomes of deforestation in the life of the indigenous women.

GLYCEROL-MODIFIED POLY(ε-CAPROLACTONE)

Soma Chakraborty,James Nicole Pagaduan 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Evaluation and Comparison of the Biopathology of Collagen and Inflammation in the Extracellular Matrix of Oral Epithelial Dysplasias and Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia Using Picrosirius Red Stain and Polarising Microscopy: A Preliminary Study

Soma Susan Varghese,Sreenivasan Bargavan Sarojini1,Giju Baby George,Sankar Vinod,Philips Mathew,Anulekh Babu,Joseph Sebastian 대한암예방학회 2015 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.20 No.4

Background: The role of tumour inflammation and the dysplastic epithelial-stromal interactions on the nature of collagen fibres in the extracellular matrix of dysplastic epithelium is not fully understood. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the inflammation and pathological stromal collagen (loosely packed thin disorganized collagen) present in mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasias with that of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasias. The basement membrane intactness of epithelial dysplasias was also evaluated to determine if dysplastic epithelial mesenchymal interaction has any role in the integrity of stromal collagen in epithelial dysplasia. Methods: Oral epithelial dysplasias, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and normal oral mucosal samples were used for the study. Packing, thickness and orientation of collagen fibres in mild, moderate and severe grades of oral epithelial dysplasias (n = 24), inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 8) and normal oral mucosal samples (n = 8) were analysed based on the polarisation of collagen fibres in picrosirius red polarising stain under polarising microscope. Results: All the grades of epithelial dysplasias showed greenish yellow birefringence confirming the presence of loosely arranged pathological collagen in the presence of moderate inflammation. All the cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia showed red polarisation hue and moderate inflammation. A statistically significant difference was found in the packing and orientation of collagen when epithelial dysplasias and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia were compared (P < 0.01). When the intactness of basement membrane integrity was compared in all the groups of epithelial dysplasia, a statistically significant result was obtained (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Presence of significant amount of loosely packed thin disoriented collagen even in mild epithelial dysplasia suggests that tumourigenic factors are released to connective tissue stroma much earlier than expected. Hence we suggest considering the integrity of extracellular matrix collagen, intactness of basement membrane and inflammation associated with dysplasia along with the anaplasia of epithelial cells in the microscopic assessment of dysplastic epithelium.

Out of the shadows: Women and wage struggle in the RMG industry of Bangladesh

Soma Dey & Palash Basak 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2017 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.23 No.2

The export-oriented readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh has flourished quite rapidly, taking the advantage of the considerable supply of local labor. From its very beginning, RMG entrepreneurs have been showing greater interest in recruiting ‘timid’ women to ensure administrative control over the workers. Thus, labor exploitation by providing low and irregular wages has sustained this sector. Shedding light on women’s agency and choice, this article shows that so far the apparently ‘silent’ workers permit the global industry to continue with ‘cheap’ labor, driven by a gendered ideology, structural and material constraints. But women workers are moving forward to ensure wage justice. Assessing the achievements and drawbacks of the wage struggle, our study envisions women’s more effective role in securing wider labor rights in the RMG sector.

OBSERVATIONS OF THE ANNULAR ECLIPSE ON 2012 MAY 21 BY THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN JAPAN

SOMA, MITSURU The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2

We had a campaign of observing the annular solar eclipse on 2012 May 21 by naked eye through eclipse eyeglasses to determine the limit line of annularity. As a result, we had about 15,000 reports through our website. In addition there were many observation groups for which about 30,000 people in total participated in the observations. The overall result was that the limit we observed by naked eye through eclipse glasses coincided with a prediction that took into account the lunar limb irregularity within the error of ${\pm}500m$. This error of the limit line location corresponds to about ${\pm}200km$ of the radius of the Sun.

Interaction between Peptidyl-prolyl Cis-trans Isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 and GTP-H-Ras: Implications for Aggressiveness of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells and Drug Resistance

Soma Saeid,주시형,김수정,Achanta Sri Venkata Jagadeesh,서영준 대한암예방학회 2020 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.25 No.4

Aberrant activation of Ras has been implicated in aggressiveness of breast cancer. Among Ras isoforms (H-, K-, and N-), H-Ras has been known to be primarily responsible for invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Phosphorylation of serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) is a key regulatory mechanism responsible for controlling activities and functions of various proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1, Pin1 changes the conformation of a subset of proteins phosphorylated on Ser/Thr that precedes proline (Pro). In this study we have found that Pin1 is highly overexpressed in human breast tumor tissues and H-Ras transformed human mammary epithelial (H-Ras MCF10A) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Notably, Pin1 directly bound to the activated form of H-Ras harbouring a Ser/Thr-Pro motif. Pharmacologic inhibition of Pin1 reduced clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Paclitaxel accelerates apoptosis in Pin1 silenced H-Ras MCF10A cells. MDR genes (MDR1 and MRP4) were significantly downregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells stably silenced for Pin1. We speculate that Pin1 interacts with GTP-H-Ras, thereby upregulating the expression of drug resistance genes, which confers survival advantage and aggressiveness of breast cancer cells under chemotherapy. Key Words Breast neoplasm, Drug resistance, H-Ras, Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1

Epidemiology of Oral Lichen Planus in a Cohort of South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study

Soma Susan Varghese,Giju Baby George,Sreenivasan Bargavan Sarojini1,Sankar Vinod,Philips Mathew,Deepu George Mathew,Joseph Sebastian,Arun George 대한암예방학회 2016 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.21 No.1

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-mediated potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. Dysplastic OLP has an altered cytogenic profile and can progress into oral squamous cell carcinoma. The epidemiology of OLP is well-described in several relatively large series from various geographic locations, whereas such series from southern India is rare. The aim of the present study was to determine the epidemiology of OLP in a cohort of South Indian population. Methods: All the case data records of 29,606 patients who visited Mar Baselios Dental College and Hospital, Kerala, India from 2014 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. For data review, 122 patients of OLP were selected Estimated were type, number, and location of lesions, clinical manifestation, age of the patient, gender, onset and duration of lesion, stressful life style, habits, skin involvement and associated systemic illness, and presence/absence of dysplasia. Results: When the distribution of OLP among the gender was considered, we found more prevalence in females than males. Fifty-seven percent of patients were associated with stressful lifestyle. Reticular lichen planus was the most common clinical subtype found. Bilateral buccal mucosal was the common site, when the distribution of sites of OLP were compared (P < 0.05). Hypersensitivity reaction was frequently associated with systemic illness with OLP (P < 0.05). Anaplasia was found among 5% of lichen planus lesions. Conclusions: OLP patients had high incidence of hypersensitivity reactions and 5% of OLP lesions showed anaplasia. Long term follow-up is necessary to monitor the recurrence, prognosis, and malignant transformation of OLP.

INNOVATION UNDER THE THREAT OF DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT

SOMA ROY,RAJAT ACHARYYA 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2009 Journal of Economic Development Vol.34 No.1

We examine the implication of direct and indirect foreign competition on domestic innovation decision. In most of the existing theoretical analyses the foreign firms are assumed to enter the domestic-country market as an exporter and thus are subject to a tariff duty imposed by the local government. We consider a broader setting where the foreign firm also has the option of setting up a production unit in the domestic country to supply output to the domestic country. This enables it to avoid the tariff that it faces due to export. Once we allow for such a strategy option for the foreign firm, competition becomes more direct and intense since tariffs no longer discount for the technological inferiority of home firms. We show that innovation by the home firm will be discouraged at high tariffs under the threat of DFI. Again at low tariff rates exports by the foreign firm make market competition more intense and reduce the incentive for innovation. Hence the home firm always (never) innovates at low (high) R&D cost whatever be the tariff rate. For intermediate R&D cost the home firm innovates if the foreign firm opts for exports.