http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
정보(情報) 시스팀 설계(設計)에 있어서의 시스팀 접근법(接近法)의 응용(應用)
D.M. 리스턴, Jr,M.L. 쇼온,Liston, Jr., David M.,Schoene, Mary L. 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 1972 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.5 No.3
시스팀 설계(設計)는 지극히 복잡한 일련의 선택(選擇)으로 이루어져 있거니와, 어느 한가지 결정사항(決定事項)도 이미 내려졌거나 장차 내려질 여타의 결정(決定)들과 완전히 절연된 것은 없다. 문헌정보(文獻情報) 시스팀의 설계(設計)를 위한 시스팀 접근법(接近法)에 있어서는, 시스팀의 작업능력(作業能力), 성능(性能), 비용(費用) 및 기타 특징요인(特徵要因)을 감안하여 설계과정(設計過程)에 이루어질 제선택(諸選擇)과 이들 선택(選擇)에 내포된 세부사항(細部事項)에 대하여 세밀한 검토가 가해져야 한다. 이 보문(報文)의 저자(著者)들은 다음과 같이 6단계(段階)로 된 하나의 체계적 설계절차(設計節次)를 창도하고 있다. 1) 고정설계인자(固定設計因子)의 확인, 2) 가변설계인자(可變設計因子)의 확인, 3) 각(各) 가변설계인자(可變設計因子)에 내포된 제임의요소(諸任意要素)의 확인, 4) 제임의요소(諸任意要素) 가운데서 하나를 선택할 때 그 선택에 영향을 주는 요소(要素)의 확인, 5) 제임의요소(諸任意要素) 가운데서 하나를 선택할 때 그 선택으로 인하여 영향을 받는 요소(要素)의 확인, 및 6) 설계과정(設計過程)에서 내려야 할 제결정(諸決定)의 최적순서(最適順序) 및 결정과정(決定過程) 그 자체의 본질(本質)을 파악하기 위하여, 상술한 바 제단계(諸段階)를 통해서 밝혀진 전체 상황(狀況)에 대하여 논리적(論理的) 분석(分析)을 가(加)함.
What Stresses Coaches in Competition and Training? An Exploratory Inquiry
Stiliani “Ani” Chroni,Mary Hassandra,Christopher Schoen 한국코칭능력개발원 2013 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.7 No.1
This study used an exploratory qualitative approach to identify coaches’ stressors in the distinct settings of competition and training. The 27 participants represented various team and individual sports. Answers to the open-ended question “For what reasons do you as a coach get stressed in competition and training?” were approached with content analysis. Concerning coaches’ stressors when in training, the raw themes were initially organized into eight (8) lower-order and then into four (4) higher-order categories, whereas 12 lower- and five (5) higher-order categories of stressors in competition were formed. In addition, a category labeled ‘pressure and expectations’ emerged above and beyond the specificities of the training and competition settings. The information gathered in this study offers a new, situation-specific perspective into coach stressors relating to the two major components of their job. Findings are reframed within the existing literature and attention is called to the need for more research on competition and training stressors for enhancing coaching efficiency through education and consulting services.
Dale G. Bottrell,Kenneth G. Schoenly 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.1
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), which periodically erupted in tropical Asian rice before the 1960s, became a major threat after farmers adopted green revolution technologies in the 1960s. Management and policy changes in the 1980s and 1990s emphasized non-insecticidal tactics to avert BPH outbreaks. However, insecticides have resurfaced as the primary means for controlling rice insect pests and tropical Asian countries have recently experienced planthopper outbreaks in record numbers. Our review of factors that have contributed to the outbreaks points to insecticides as the most tangible outbreak factor primarily because of their harmful effects on natural enemies. BPH resistance to insecticides and especially imidacloprid has increased the probability of outbreaks as farmers have applied increasing quantities of insecticide in an attempt to combat resistant populations. Similarly, heavy use of nitrogen fertilizer, especially on hybrid rice, has increased the potential for outbreaks. Other factors triggering outbreaks are less documented,but we discuss the possibility that the high outbreak synchrony in geographically separated populations of BPH may suggest a “Moran effect” such as climate that promotes an environment favoring above-average increases in BPH populations. Also, we hypothesize that BPH functions as a metapopulation and, as such, periodic outbreaks could be a natural phenomenon requiring resupply of planthoppers into vacant areas to ensure genetic linkage among subpopulations. We conclude with a series of recommendations for research and policy changes aimed at better understanding the cause of BPH outbreaks and for developing sustainable management practices to prevent future outbreaks.
석회와 유기물이 산성 산림토양의 Al과 Pb 불용화에 미치는 영향
김록영 ( Rog-young Kim ),윤정기 ( Jeong-ki Yoon ),김지인 ( Ji In Kim ),박경훈 ( Gyoung-hun Park ),윤성미 ( Sung Mi Yun ),김종모 ( Jong Mo Kim ),알렉산더쉐닝 ( Alexander Schoening ),김태승 ( Tae-seung Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-
The toxic effects of Al and Pb on trees, earthworms, and microorganisms in acidic forest soils are well known. As a remedial measure the surfaces of forest soils worldwide have been limed. Depending on the thickness of the organic layer on the forest soils the applied lime leaches with a delay of several years into deeper layers of the mineral soil. Furthermore, the lime applied is often neutralized in the organic layer even before it reaches mineral soil horizons. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of liming on soil pH and immobilization of Al and Pbin acidic forest soils aftermixing the lime with the mineral soil. The dolomitelime together with the organic layeron the forest soils was strip wise mixed with the soil material to a depth of 35 cm. The investigation took place 8 months after the treatment. Soil treatment led to significant increases of the pH in the upper 35 cm of the soil. The soil of the untreated control strip was highly acidic with pH(CaCl2)of 3.4-3.7, whereas pH(CaCl2) in the treated strips were between 4.0 and 5.1. The total contents of Al and Pbin soils did not differ from the treated strip to the untreated strip. However, the mobile fractions of Al and Pb were significantly reduced from an average of 362 to 69.3 mg kg-1 for Al and 2.9 to 0.7 mg kg-1 for Pb. This improvedinitial soil conditions will probably lead to an advanced growingfor the planted trees.