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Overview of Steel Bridges Containing High Strength Steel
Oskar Skoglund,John Leander,Raid Karoumi 한국강구조학회 2020 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.20 No.4
The use of high strength steel has the potential to reduce the amount of steel used in bridges and thereby, facilitate a more sustainable construction. A survey of existing bridges built using high strength steel is presented in this paper with emphasis on the Swedish bridge stock. The survey aimed at identifying the steel grades that were used and where in the cross-section they have been used. A case study on the infl uence of fatigue shows that today’s regulations make it more diffi cult to use high strength steel in comparison to previous regulations.
On the Early History of Indic Buddhist Colophons
Oskar von HINÜBER 동국대학교 불교학술원 2017 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.27 No.1
The word “colophon” is used since classical European antiquity to describe the formula at the end of a text or a manuscript. There is no exact equivalent to this term in ancient India with the exception of the Buddhist term nigamana. The relevant terms are discussed in a brief introduction. The history of colophons in ancient India begins already during the time of the oral text transmission in early Buddhist texts. Next, the earliest written colophons are found in inscriptions. As soon as the first manuscripts survive from ancient India, some colophons, which are mostly as fragmentary as the manuscripts themselves, come to light. Colophons are missing in the vast majority of fragmentary manuscripts, because the first and last folios of manuscripts are usually lost first. A rare example of a complete colophon from Kuṣāṇa times found a Vinaya manuscript recovered from Merv (Bairam Ali) is, consequently, of particular interest. After discussing this colophon together with certain features of the structure of the Vinaya manual to which it is attached, some colophons extant in the Gilgit Manuscript are investigated, particularly those of the Saṃghāṭasūtra and the Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra. Finally the development of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra colophons is traced beginning in 7th century Gilgit in various selected Nepalese manuscripts right into the 19th century. In an appendix the colophon to the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka manuscript Add. 1683 from Cambridge University Library is re-edited.
NMR study on residual lignins isolated from chemical pulps of beech wood by enzymatic hydrolysis
최준원,Oskar Faix 한국공업화학회 2011 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.17 No.1
Two residual lignins isolated from kraft and ASAMpulps of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) were analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra to confirm the structural features previously obtained from wet chemical degradation methods. 1H NMR spectra revealed that the most distinct features of ASAM lignin was the signal at dH 5.9 ppm and dH 6.6 ppm for Ha in b-O-4 linkage and protons for syringyl units. The abundance of syringyl units in ASAM lignin was also evidenced by the signals at dC 154 ppm and dC 104 ppm in the 13C NMR spectra, responsible for aromatic C3/C5 and C2/C6 of syringyl units. The important functional groups, such as phenolic OH, aliphatic OH and methoxyl groups, were indirectly evaluated by 13C NMR spectra of acetylated residual lignin. In particularly, the increment of phenolic OH,one of the parameter for cleavage of b-O-4 linkages,was determined to relative low in of b-O-4 linkages in ASAM residual lignin as compared to kraft residual lignin, indicating that ASAM procedures may run by quite different pathway for delignification unlike the fragmentation of b-O-4 linkages and cleavage of side chain in the general alkaline pulpings.
David Oskar Potyondy 한국자원공학회 2015 Geosystem engineering Vol.18 No.1
We generalize our view of a bonded-particle model (BPM) to consist of a base material (that is a packed assembly of rigid grains joined by deformable and breakable cement at grain–grain contacts) to which larger-scale joints can be added and whose mechanical behavior is simulated by the distinct-element method using the two- and three-dimensional discontinuum programs PFC2D and PFC3D. The micromechanical processes that control brittle fracture, and thus, should inform any micromechanical theory or model, are summarized. The rich variety of microstructural models that can be produced by the bonded-particle modeling methodology are described and classified with respect to their microstructural and larger-scale features. These models provide a wide range of rock behaviors that encompass both compact and porous rock at both an intact and rock-mass scale, and examples are provided of how BPMs are being used to model rock at these scales. The examples include an intact anisotropic material that may swell and contract in response to changes in saturation, the behavior of two alternative BPMs that can match both the uniaxial and tensile strengths of compact rock and the embedding of an intact BPM within a larger continuum model to study fracturing around a gold-mine stope in quartzite.
Development of a motion simulator for testing a mobile surveillance robot
김성수,Oskar Wallrapp,권정주,김도현,Diana Wachter 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.4
A 6-axis motion simulator has been developed, in order to regenerate UGV (unmanned ground vehicle) motion and to test the stabilization system of the mobile surveillance robot that is mounted on the UGV. For developing the 6-axis motion simulator, a simulation-based design procedure was introduced. The 3D geometric model of the motion simulator was created by using 3D CAD modeler ProE. The multibody dynamics model of the motion simulator has also been created by using the general purpose dynamic analysis program ADAMS to validate the design of the motion simulator. Dynamics and control co-simulation model for the motion simulator has been also established for control performance analyses. Actual hardware of the motion simulator has been fabricated based on the proposed simulation based design. Hardware test of the motion simulator has been tried to validate the design.