http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
배태웅,文炳周,辛元敎,宋模烈,李鉉旭,曺東進 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資原硏究所 1996 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.5 No.1
팽이 재배에 있어 가장 큰 문제 중의 하나는 雜菌에 대한 汚染, 특히 細菌에 의한 피해가 극심하므로 作業段階와 栽培過程 전반에 걸쳐 培地徵生物相의 經時的인 密度變化에 따른 雜菌의 培地內 流入時期를 조사하여 汚染菌의 發生消長을 알아보기 위해 現地農家에서 시험해 본 결과 接種후 培養室에서 菌絲培養을 시작한 5일후부터 細菌이 檢出되기 시작하여 菌긁기전까지 약 25일간 0.5∼3.1×10⁴cfu/g의 密度를 보였으나 經時的인 密度增加는 없었고, 菌絲培養이 끝난 뒤 菌긁기직후부터 細菌의 密度는 118.3×10⁴cfu/g으로 급격히 높아졌으며 子實體生育 기간동안에 시간이 경과함에 따라 密度가 현저하게 증가되는 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 培養室 안으로 흐르는 空氣를 통하여 甁內로 細菌이 流入되고 또한 菌긁기 직후 培地表面에 灌注하는 물과 加濕機에서 噴霧되는 물粒子가 細菌의 密度增加에 절대적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되므로 이때가 細菌性褐斑病菌에 感染되기 가장 용이한 시기로 생각된다. 眞菌은 菌긁기후 子實體生育 기간동안 1.17∼7.87×10⁴/g의 密度로서 菌絲培養 기간동안의 密度보다 다소 높게 檢出되었으나 대체로 經時的인 密度增加는 보이지 않았으며, 放線菌은 거의 검출되지 않거나 菌絲培養 후 5일째부터 다소 검출되기 시작했으나 밀도가 매우 낮았고 經時的으로도 증가되지 않았다. One of the most serious problem on the Enoki mushroom cultivation is the infection by pathogenicitic microorganisns, especially bacterial diseases causing serious economical losses in the mushroom production. It was carried out to find the tendency of the development of mushroom diseases by temporal changes and variation of the densities of media microflora through the cultivation periods and working stages in a mushroom farm. According to the results, several bacteria were detected from the fifth day after the inoculation and incubation of mycelium in the incubation room, and the density of bacterium was 0.5∼3.1×10⁴cfu/g media for 25 days before the inoculum-removing, although there was no increment of the density. Since the inoculum-removing after the spawn run, the density of bacterium was rapidly increased as 118.3×10⁴cfu/g media, and was significantly increased by time during the growth period of fruitbodies. It was hypothesized that it is the most suitable period for the pathogen infection because the bacterium might be introduced by the air in the incubation-room, and the increment of bacterium density might be affected by moisture supplied through watering or humidifier in the growing room after the inoculum-removing. Fungi were detected as the density as 1.17∼7.87×10⁴/g media and the density was slightly higher than that during the incubation period of hyphae, although there was no significant increment. Generally, the density of Actinomycetes was disregardfully low, or Actinomycetes were hardly ever found, although there was found some 5 days after incubation hyphae in few cases.
Increased risk of gastric cancer in workers with occupational dust exposure
( Mo-yeol Kang ),( Jiyoun Jung ),( Jung-wan Koo ),( Inah Kim ),( Hyoung-ryoul Kim ),( Jun-pyo Myong ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.0
Background/Aims: Workers who are exposed to dust in the workplace tend to show a higher incidence of gastric cancer. Nevertheless, scientific evidence to support an association between dust exposure and the risk of gastric cancer is inadequate. This study aimed to investigate whether or not occupational dust exposure influences the risk of gastric cancer. Methods: We collected the electronic data from the Pneumoconiosis Health Examination (PHE) program, provided by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service from 2002 to 2017. The PHE database was linked to the National Health Insurances databases. The age-standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk of gastric cancers were evaluated in workers with occupational dust exposure, and the results were compared to those in the general population. Results: From 2004 to 2015, 1,543 cases of gastric cancer were observed in the male participants, as compared with 1,174 of expected cases, which yielded an SIR of 1.314 (95% CI, 1.249 to 1.380). Under dust exposure, the risk of gastric cancer was increased 23.9% in the male participants (95% CI, 19.9 to 27.5), and the degree of impairment of lung function was inversely related to the risk of gastric cancer. Conclusions: Workers with occupational dust exposure were at higher risk of developing gastric cancer than the general population. Thus, future efforts for the prevention of gastric cancer are necessary for dust exposed workers.
모정열(Mo, Jeong Yeol) 한국중어중문학회 2015 中語中文學 Vol.60 No.-
In this thesis, I attempted to analyze the process of merger and disappearance of XiangnanTuhua(湘南土話) nasal coda and the causes of their changes. In Section 3, after dividing the nasal coda of XiangnanTuhua Yangsheng Finals(陽聲韻) into literal pronunciation and colloquial pronunciation, I attempted to assume the process of merger and disappearance of XiangnanTuhua innate colloquial pronunciation nasal coda through the analysis of the distribution characteristics of literal pronunciation and colloquial pronunciation and the correlation between literal pronunciation and colloquial pronunciation. In Section 4, I attempted to analyze the causes of merger or disappearance of nasal coda of Chinese dialects from the perspective of a disappearance tendency of nasal coda caused by the characteristics of syllabic nucleus or the pronunciation characteristics of nasal coda itself. In Section 5, I attempted to predict the disappearance order (the order of disappearance after the merger of nasal coda) of nasal coda between each Yun-She(韻攝) of XiangnanTuhua, based on the discussions in Section 3 and Section 4 and the nasal coda distribution status of XiangnanTuhua colloquial pronunciation. Also, by comparing the predicted results with the syllabic nucleus characteristics of middle old Chinese pronunciation, I attempted to assume the correlation between the disappearance of XiangnanTuhua nasal coda and syllabic nucleus. And I judged that the phenomenon that all or most of nasal codas disappear in part of XiangnanTuhua colloquial pronunciation has special characteristics distinguished from general Chinese dialects and this is related to the ethnic minorities that were widely distributed in this region from ancient times.
牟廷烈(Mo, Jeong-yeol) 중국어문학연구회 2016 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.97
The current readings of Ni Lai initial consonants in Jianghuai mandarin Chinese can be divided into 5 types. Inter alia, type(3) can be further subdivided into A, B, C three categories. Although each reading type of Ni Lai initials is different, the beginning to historical change is all derived from type(1), the separate Ni Lai initial readings, and finally will be evolved into type(5), the total absence of demarcation in Ni and Lai initial readings. Based on the viewpoints discussed aboved, the historical evolution processes of Ni Lai initial consonants in Jianghuai mandarin Chinese can be indicated as follows three evolution paths.