The Relationship between Ports and City Growth: The Case of Ningbo

Lu Ke,오용식 한국무역연구원 2023 무역연구 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between port and city growth with the help of the port impact curve and relative concentration index (RCI). This is done from the two aspects of (1) clarifying the characteristics of the interaction between Ningbo port and city, and (2) clarifying the phased development of the relationship between Ningbo port and city. Design/Methodology/Approach – Based on the method of the port impact curve and RCI, we conduct a case study of Ningbo, a port-city in Southeast China, and we also make a meaningful comparison between Ningbo and other famous port cities in China. Findings – This paper finds that Ningbo port and city have been in a relatively loose relationship from 2010 to 2021. Over these 12 years, the relationship between Ningbo port and city has shown signs of changing from the stage of agglomeration and diffusion effect to the stage of urban self-growth effect. Also, we find that, compared with other port cities, the positive correlation between Ningbo port cargo throughput and urban economy development is relatively weak. However, Ningbo’s export-oriented economic characteristics form a certain boost for the development of port container throughput. Research Implications – In the management of this paper, this study revealed the flexibility and complexity of the port-city relationship, suggesting that the stage characteristics of the port-city relationship should be combined on the road of the sustainable development of ports and cities, which will also provide reference for follow-up research.

Fatigue evaluation and CFRP strengthening of diaphragm cutouts in orthotropic steel decks

Lu Ke,Chuanxi Li,Jun He,Yongjun Lu,Yang Jiao,Yongming Liu 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.39 No.4

The cracking at the transverse diaphragm cutout is one of the most severe fatigue failures threatening orthotropic steel decks (OSDs), whose mechanisms and crack treatment techniques have not been fully studied. In this paper, full-scale experiments were first performed to investigate the fatigue performance of polished cutouts involving the effect of an artificial geometrical defect. Following this, comparative experimental testing for defective cutouts strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was carried out. Numerical finite element analysis was also performed to verify and explain the experimental observations. Results show that the combinative effect of the wheel load and thermal residual stress constitutes the external driving force for the fatigue cracking of the cutout. Initial geometrical defects are confirmed as a critical factor affecting the fatigue cracking. The principal stress 6 mm away from the free edge of the cutout can be adopted as the nominal stress of the cutout during fatigue evaluation, and the fatigue resistance of polished cutouts is higher than Grade A in AASHTO specification. The bonded CFRP system is highly effective in extending the fatigue life of the defective cutouts. The present study provides some new insights into the fatigue evaluation and repair of OSDs.

말초성 신경 상피종 1예

이안희,이정용,김선무,정누가 대한병리학회 1985 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.19 No.4

Acting locally, thinking globally? The Relationship between Decentralization in Indonesia and International Human Rights

Luke Lazarus Arnold (사) 이준국제법연구원 2009 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.2 No.1

International human rights discourse has largely ignored the decentralization of political, fiscal and administrative authority currently taking place across the developing world. By reference to Indonesia’s recent transition from a highly centralised system of government to a system of regional autonomy (called Otonomi Daerah, or “Otda”), this article demonstrates the importance of more closely examining the relationship between international human rights and decentralization. In particular, it is argued that an understanding of international human rights can shed light on the dynamics of decentralization and, vice versa, examining decentralization can inform our understandings of international human rights. The essay explains the historical, political and economic context of Otda and briefly describes its current legal framework. It then explores the varied impacts Otda has had on international human rights in Indonesia and how Otda can, in turn, highlight some of the limits and possibilities of international human rights.

Stock Return Autocorrelations: Evidence from the Asia-Pacific Stock Markets

Luke Lin,Wen-Yuan Lin 한국증권학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.50 No.4

This study uses quantile regression to examine the stock autocorrelations of eight Asian markets for the period 1990–2014. First, we find that the impacts of their previous returns are basically positive under most of the quantiles. Second, if we distinguish previous returns as positive or negative, the basic positive autocorrelations are strengthened. Third, when the previous return soars or plummets, the basic positive autocorrelations are not obviously changed. Last, through the cross-comparison of two different financial crises, geographical correlations are shown to be a potentially major factor in the spread of the impact of the financial crisis.

Investment Treaty Arbitration Policy in Australia, New Zealand and Korea?

Luke Nottage 한국중재학회 2015 중재연구 Vol.25 No.3

As in some developing countries and more recently some developed countries worldwide and in the Asian region, Australia has faced significant internal opposition and public debate especially over treaty-based investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). As outlined in Part Ⅱ(1), concerns have re-emerged and escalated since the first-ever claim was brought against Australia regarding its tobacco plain packaging legislation, in 2011 by Philip Morris Asia under an old BIT with Hong Kong. However, Australia signed bilateral FTAs with Korea in 2014 and with China in 2015, including ISDS protections, prompting several sets of parliamentary inquiries (Part Ⅱ(2)). Australia’s close trading partner, New Zealand, had already concluded an FTA with China in 2008 that included more expansive ISDS-backed investor protections. In 2015, the New Zealand Parliament has been debating ratification of its own FTA with Korea, with ISDS also now attracting growing scrutiny, as elaborated in Part Ⅲ below. In both bilateral FTA negotiations, the present Korean government seems to have reverted to a strong preference for concluding investment agreements with extensive ISDS protections, despite public and parliamentary debate around 2011 in the context of ratifying its FTA with the United States. As mentioned briefly in the concluding Part Ⅳ, Korea’s stance has significant implications for the future trajectory of treaty-based ISDS – and indeed international arbitration more generally – in the Asia-Pacific region, and perhaps even globally.

Integrated Anti-Windup Architecture Using a Disturbance Observer Framework for High Performance LCL Current Regulators

Luke McNabb,Brendan McGrath,Liuping Wang,Grahame Holmes 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Pulse-width modulated (PWM) inverters include a hard non-linear saturation constraint in their output characteristics due to the finite DC bus voltage. High gain current regulators are inevitably exposed to this saturation constraint, which can cause integral and resonator states within the current control system to windup to large values, potentially compromising the inverter transient response. Feedback anti-windup architectures are used as an optimal means to counteract this effect. However the realization of this type of anti-windup strategy is challenging, particularly when cascaded harmonic compensators are required, due to the need to re-formulate the controller transfer function. In this paper, we sidestep this issue by developing the stationary frame resonant controller inherently in the required feedback form through the use of a disturbance observer framework. This simplification is particularly suitable for multi-resonant and (partial) state feedback regulators with active damping for LCL line filtered plant.

Women in Higher Education Management in Thailand

Luke, Carmen Ewha Womans University Press 1997 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.3 No.4

This paper reports on a case study of ten academic of ten academic women in senior management positions in the higher education sector in Thailand. The study investigates women's perceptions of 'glass ceiling' factors that impede women's career advancement. Issues addressed include: gendered management styles, family and childcare responsibilities, career plans and aspirations, married or single status, and age as a factor mediating women's career mobility. It is argued throughout that the western concept of glass ceiling cannot be taken as a universal explanation of women's career impediments. Rather, research on women's career tracks in higher education must take women's differences, their histories, and cultural locations into analytic account.

Expression of NAC transcription factor is altered under intermittent drought stress and re-watered conditions in Hevea brasiliensis

Luke, Lisha P.,Sathik, M.B. Mohamed,Thomas, Molly,Kuruvilla, Linu,Sumesh, K.V. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2017 식물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Drought stress is one of the important factors that restrict the expansion of Hevea brasiliensis cultivation to non-traditional regions experiencing extreme weather conditions. Plants respond to drought stress by triggering expression of several drought responsive genes including transcription factors which in turn trigger expression of various downstream signalling pathways and adaptive networks. Expression of such drought responsive genes may revert back to their original level upon re-watering. However, no reports are available on such phenomenon in Hevea and hence, this study was initiated. For this purpose, NAC transcription factor (NAC tf) was chosen as candidate gene. Its expression levels were monitored under intermittent drought as well as irrigated conditions in two clones (RRII 105 and RRIM 600) of H. brasiliensis with contrasting tolerance level. Copy number of NAC tf was found similar in both the clones. Expression of NAC tf was found highly up-regulated in RRIM 600 (a relatively drought tolerant clone) than in RRII 105 (a relatively drought susceptible clone) throughout the drought incidences which upon re-watering, reached back to its original levels in both the clones. The study indicated the existence of an association between expression of NAC tf and drought tolerance trait exhibited by the tolerant clone RRIM 600. The study also proves the influence of drought and re-watering on the leaf photosynthesis and expression of NAC tf in H. brasiliensis.

R: An Overview and Some Current Directions

Luke Tierney 한국통계학회 2007 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.36 No.1

R is an open source language for statistical computing and graphics basedon the ACM software award-winning S language. R is widely used for dataanalysis and has become a major vehicle for making available new statisticalmethodology. This paper presents an overview of the design philosophy andthe development model for R, reviews the basic capabilities of the system,and outlines some current projects that will inuence future developmentsof R.AMS 2000 subject classications.Primary 68N15; Secondary 62-07.Keywords.Computer language, graphics, isosurfaces, parallel computation, R, statisticalcomputing.1. IntroductionR is a language for statistical computing and graphics. R, along with S-plus,is a member of the S language family originally developed by John Chambers andcolleagues at Bell Laboratories (Becker and Chambers, 1984; Beckeret al., 1988;Chambers, 1998). In 1998 the Association for Computing Machinery presentedits prestigious Software System Award to John Chambers for his development ofthe S system. In recent years the S language family, and R in particular, havebecome the de facto standard for computing in statistical research. Many booksdescribing R and S are now available; two examples are Dalgaard (2004) andVenables and Ripley (2002).R can viewed as a dierent implementation or as a dialect of S the language.While there are some important dierences between R and S-plus, some of whichare discussed in Section 6.1, much code written for S-plus runs unaltered underR. In recent years R has become a major vehicle for making available new sta-tistical methodology. Articles proposing new methods that also make availableReceived October 2006; accepted November 2006.†This research supported in part by National Sciance Foundation Grant DMS-0604593.