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A DCT Based Imperceptible Color Image Watermarking Scheme
Jobin Abraham,Varghese Paul 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.7
The paper proposes a novel scheme for watermarking color images. Majority of the papers published on color image watermarking consider color image watermarking process as a normal extension to grayscale image watermarking techniques without attending to the specific characteristics of color images. In color image watermarking, the host color image is embedded using a unique mark with the sole intention of making the host image identifiable. The objective of this work is to find suitable regions in a color image where the watermark embedding could be effected robustly without significantly degrading the image and at same time ensuring the impact of embedding will remain imperceptible. The proposed algorithm uses Discrete Cosine Transform to transform the host image into frequency domain for selecting appropriate coefficients for watermark embedding. Also, instead of resorting to global embedding of watermark over host image, safer regions that are oblivious to watermark embedding are selected for watermark integration. The measures discussed ensures that the watermarking process do not introduce visible distortions. A new metric, named as GEI (Global Embedding Impact), is also defined for measuring the impact of embedded watermark information over each host image pixel.
Jobin Jose,Swathi Pai 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.2
New vaccines production and manufacture have revolutionized by recombinant technology. Various regulatory associations are engaged with the appraisal of a clinical trial with genetically modified organisms. At present safe, effective vaccines are needed in order to control the various emerging diseases which are a major cause of mortality. In reality, most vaccines raise biosafety worries with respect to human wellbeing. “Federal Office for Environment” is the competent authority for environmental risk assessments in Switzerland. Gene Technology Act 2000 is the fundamental direction that provides the necessary information to carry the clinical trials with genetically modified organism-containing vaccines. In addition, regulatory framework for “clinical trial with genetically modified organisms-containing vaccines” is stringent and partially harmonized in Switzerland, the European Union and Australia. In this study, we mainly concerned with regulatory aspects of “clinical trial with genetically modified organism” containing vaccine in three regions. This review includes various aspects like ethics, guidelines related to clinical trials of vaccines with genetically modified organisms.
Low-Energy Ionic Collisions at Molecular Solids
Cyriac, Jobin,Pradeep, T.,Kang, H.,Souda, R.,Cooks, R. G. American Chemical Society 2012 Chemical reviews Vol.112 No.10
<P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/chreay/2012/chreay.2012.112.issue-10/cr200384k/production/images/medium/cr-2011-00384k_0048.gif'></P>
George Thomas,Jobin Thomas,Anju V Mathew,R S Devika,Anju Krishnan,Amrutha J Nair 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.2
Deterioration of ambient air quality associated with urbanisation is a serious concern in many parts of the world. In India, air pollution, primarily due to particulate matter, has increased exponentially in the last few decades due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth. This study investigates the non-uniform influence of COVID-19 lockdown on the ambient air quality of three distinct local climate zones (LCZs) within the urban region of Kochi (Kerala, India). The analysis of the air pollutant data of the ambient air quality monitoring stations during the pre-lockdown (PRLD), lockdown (LD) and post-lockdown (PTLD) periods of 2021 implies the significance of lockdown measures in the improvement of urban air quality. The air quality index (AQI) exhibits characteristic variability in different LCZs and contrasting behaviour between the LD period of 2020 and 2021, primarily due to the differences in the lockdown restrictions and strategies as well as the influence of local climatic factors. This study highlights the need for multiple monitoring stations in the urban regions with respect to different LCZs to identify the urban air quality hot spots.
Properties and Degradation of the Gasket Component of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell-A Review
Basuli, Utpal,Jose, Jobin,Lee, Ran Hee,Yoo, Yong Hwan,Jeong, Kwang-Un,Ahn, Jou-Hyeon,Nah, Changwoon American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.12 No.10
<P>Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack requires gaskets and seals in each cell to keep the reactant gases within their respective regions. Gasket performance is integral to the successful long-term operation of a fuel cell stack. This review focuses on properties, performance and degradation mechanisms of the different polymer gasket materials used in PEM fuel cell under normal operating conditions. The different degradation mechanisms and their corresponding representative mitigation strategies are also presented here. Summary of various properties of elastomers and their advantages and disadvantages in fuel cell'environment are presented. By considering the level of chemical degradation, mechanical properties and cost effectiveness, it can be proposed that EPDM is one of the best choices for gasket material in PEM fuel cell. Finally, the challenges that remain in using rubber component as in PEM fuel cell, as well as the prospects for exploiting them in the future are discussed.</P>
Ohsato, Hitoshi,Varghese, Jobin,Vahera, Timo,Kim, Jeong Seog,Sebastian, Mailadil T.,Jantunen, Heli,Iwata, Makoto The Korean Ceramic Society 2019 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.56 No.6
Indialite/cordierite glass-ceramics demonstrate excellent microwave dielectric properties such as a low dielectric constant of 4.7 and an extremely high quality factor Qf of more than 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> GHz when crystallized at 1300℃/20 h, which are essential criteria for application to 5G/6G mobile communication systems. The glass-ceramics applied to dielectric resonators, low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates, and direct casting glass substrates are reviewed in this paper. The glass-ceramics are fabricated by the crystallization of glass with cordierite composition melted at 1550℃. The dielectric resonators are composed of crystallized glass pellets made from glass rods cast in a graphite mold. The LTCC substrates are made from indialite glass-ceramic powder crystallized at a low temperature of 1000℃/1 h, and the direct casting glass-ceramic substrates are composed of crystallized glass plates cast on a graphite plate. All these materials exhibit excellent microwave dielectric properties.
Analysis of structure-function relationship in porcine rotavirus A enterotoxin gene
Sharad Saurabh,Shubhankar Sircar,Jobin J. Kattoor,Souvik Ghosh,Nobumichi Kobayashi,Krisztian Banyai,Obli R. VinodhKumar,Ujjwal K. De,Nihar R. Sahoo,Kuldeep Dhama,Yashpal S. Malik 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.1
Rotavirus (RV)-infected piglets are presumed to be latent sources of heterologous RV infection in humans and other animals. In RVs, non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) is the major virulence factor with pleiotropic properties. In this study, we analyzed the nsp4 gene from porcine RVs isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic cases at different levels of protein folding to explore correlations to diarrhea-inducing capabilities and evolution of nsp4 in the porcine population. Full-length nsp4 genes were amplified, cloned, sequenced, and then analyzed for antigenic epitopes, RotaC classification, homology, genetic relationship, modeling of NSP4 protein, and prediction of post-translational modification. RV presence was observed in both diarrheic and non-diarrheic piglets. All nsp4 genes possessed the E1 genotype. Comparison of primary, secondary, and tertiary structure and the prediction of post-translational modifications of NSP4 from diarrheic and non-diarrheic piglets revealed no apparent differences. Sequence analysis indicated that nsp4 genes have a multi-phyletic evolutionary origin and exhibit species independent genetic diversity. The results emphasize the evolution of the E9 nsp4 genotype from the E1 genotype and suggest that the diarrhea-inducing capability of porcine RVs may not be exclusively linked to its enterotoxin gene.
Nonaggregated α-Synuclein Influences SNARE-Dependent Vesicle Docking via Membrane Binding
Lai, Ying,Kim, Sunae,Varkey, Jobin,Lou, Xiaochu,Song, Jae-Kyun,Diao, Jiajie,Langen, Ralf,Shin, Yeon-Kyun American Chemical Society 2014 Biochemistry Vol.53 No.24
<P/><P>α-Synuclein (α-Syn), a major component of Lewy body that is considered as the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), has been implicated in neuroexocytosis. Overexpression of α-Syn decreases the neurotransmitter release. However, the mechanism by which α-Syn buildup inhibits the neurotransmitter release is still unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of nonaggregated α-Syn on SNARE-dependent liposome fusion using fluorescence methods. In ensemble in vitro assays, α-Syn reduces lipid mixing mediated by SNAREs. Furthermore, with the more advanced single-vesicle assay that can distinguish vesicle docking from fusion, we found that α-Syn specifically inhibits vesicle docking, without interfering with the fusion. The inhibition in vesicle docking requires α-Syn binding to acidic lipid containing membranes. Thus, these results imply the existence of at least two mechanisms of inhibition of SNARE-dependent membrane fusion: at high concentrations, nonaggregated α-Syn inhibits docking by binding acidic lipids but not v-SNARE; on the other hand, at much lower concentrations, large α-Syn oligomers inhibit via a mechanism that requires v-SNARE interaction [Choi et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.2013, 110 (10), 4087−409223431141].</P>