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George Thomas,Jobin Thomas,Anju V Mathew,R S Devika,Anju Krishnan,Amrutha J Nair 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.2
Deterioration of ambient air quality associated with urbanisation is a serious concern in many parts of the world. In India, air pollution, primarily due to particulate matter, has increased exponentially in the last few decades due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth. This study investigates the non-uniform influence of COVID-19 lockdown on the ambient air quality of three distinct local climate zones (LCZs) within the urban region of Kochi (Kerala, India). The analysis of the air pollutant data of the ambient air quality monitoring stations during the pre-lockdown (PRLD), lockdown (LD) and post-lockdown (PTLD) periods of 2021 implies the significance of lockdown measures in the improvement of urban air quality. The air quality index (AQI) exhibits characteristic variability in different LCZs and contrasting behaviour between the LD period of 2020 and 2021, primarily due to the differences in the lockdown restrictions and strategies as well as the influence of local climatic factors. This study highlights the need for multiple monitoring stations in the urban regions with respect to different LCZs to identify the urban air quality hot spots.
Thomas, Reju George,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Moon, Myeong Ju,Surendran, Suchithra Poilil,Batgerel, Tumurbaatar,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang,Jeong, Yong Yeon Elsevier 2018 International journal of biological macromolecules Vol.110 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We prepared Janus microspheres based on sodium alginate for the encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in one compartment and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) or a drug in the second compartment. 4% percent sodium alginate solution was allowed to pass through a septum-theta capillary device and react with 2.5% calcium chloride to allow crosslinking to occur in the solution, forming calcium alginate Janus microspheres. Physico-chemical characterization of microspheres was done by FTIR, TGA, and XRD after loading of stem cells and IONP/drug. The mechanical integrity of microspheres was tested at different time points, which showed that 4% alginate microspheres were mechanically stable for a long period of time. Live/dead staining of MSCs alone and the MTS assay of MSCs and DMSO co-loaded were performed, which showed less toxicity to MSC in the Janus configuration. IONP/MSC-loaded Janus microspheres were tested by magnetic manipulation for targeted MSC delivery for cartilage repair using an electromagnetic manipulation (EMM) device. Janus microspheres can be used for targeted stem cell/drug delivery using EMM for cartilage repair in the near future.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P> <P>Janus microsphere loaded with MSC’s and IONP/drug and injection to cartilage repair area.</P>
NIRF Heptamethine Cyanine Dye Nanocomplexes for Multi Modal Theranosis of Tumors
Reju George Thomas,정용연 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2017 전남의대학술지 Vol.53 No.2
Heptamethine cyanine dyes are categorized as a class of near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dyes which have been discovered to have tumor targeting and accumulation capability. This unique feature of NIRF dye makes it a promising candidate for imaging, targeted therapy and also as a drug delivery vehicle for various types of cancers. The favored uptake of dyes only in cancer cells is facilitated by several factors which include organic anion-transporting polypeptides, high mitochondrial membrane potential and tumor hypoxia in cancer cells. Currently nanotechnology has opened possibilities for multimodal or multifunctional strategies for cancer treatment. Including heptamethine cyanine dyes in nanoparticle based delivery systems have generally improved its theranostic ability by several fold owing to the multiple functionalities and structural features of heptamethine dyes. For this reason, nanocomplexes with NIRF heptamethine cyanine dye probe are preferred over non-targeting dyes such as indo cyanine green (ICG). This review sums up current trends and progress in NIRF heptamethine cyanine dye, including dye properties, multifunctional imaging and therapeutic applications in cancer.
Reju George Thomas,Muthunarayanan Muthiah,문명주,박인규,정용연 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.5
In this work we evaluated the ability of a SPION (Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle) loaded micelle system to safely and efficiently transfer foreign DNA into cells with the help of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) as DNA-carrier. Average particle size of PLL coated hyaluronic acid (HA) loaded SPION (PLL-HA-SPION) micelle was approximately 200 nm in size with spherical morphology. PLL-HA-SPION micelle was found to be nontoxic to the NIH3T3 (murine fibroblast cells) and the in vitro uptake was also tested in CT-26 (murine colon cancer cells) by prussian blue staining. Agarose gel retardation study showed the efficient binding of PLL-HA-SPION micelle with plasmid DNA (pLuc). The formed PLL-HA-SPION/pLuc complex could be efficiently transfected into CT-26 cell line. Finally, MR imaging was also used to check uptake property of SPION loaded in PLL-HA-SPION/DNA complex in vitro. The result showed that the PLL-HA-SPION micelle can be applied to MR imagingguided gene therapy in vivo and it is also advantageous for using this system for the magnetic hyperthermia based cancer therapy.
The Frontier of Broadband Adoption Across the OECD: A Comparison of Performance
George S. Ford,THOMAS M. KOUTSKY,LAWRENCE W. SPIWAK 한국국제경제학회 2011 International Economic Journal Vol.25 No.1
We assess the performance and efficiency of OECD countries with respect to broadband Internet subscription. Using the econometric techniques of Least Squares and Stochastic Frontier Analysis, we estimate scores indicating the efficiency with which a country converts its economic and demographic endowments into broadband subscriptions. With very few exceptions, we find that broadband subscription in OECD countries is consistent with those endowments - about two thirds of OECD countries have an efficiency rate of 90% or better. We find that economic and demographic endowments explain nearly all of the variation in broadband subscriptions (85%). This finding suggests that public policy's role for broadband adoption should be targeted at improving or mitigating the adverse effects of underlying demographic and economic conditions, such as computer ownership and education programs.
High Prevalence of Slow Transit Constipation in Patients With Gastroparesis
Thomas A Zikos,Afrin N Kamal,Leila Neshatian,George Triadafilopoulos,John O Clarke,Monica Nandwani,Linda A Nguyen 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2019 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.25 No.2
Background/Aims Current evidence suggests the presence of motility or functional abnormalities in one area of the gastrointestinal tract increases the likelihood of abnormalities in others. However, the relationship of gastroparesis to chronic constipation (slow transit constipation and dyssynergic defecation) has been incompletely evaluated. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients with chronic dyspeptic symptoms and constipation who underwent both a solid gastric emptying scintigraphy and a high-resolution anorectal manometry at our institution since January 2012. When available, X-ray defecography and radiopaque marker colonic transit studies were also reviewed. Based on the gastric emptying results, patients were classified as gastroparesis or dyspepsia with normal gastric emptying (control group). Differences in anorectal and colonic findings were then compared between groups. Results Two hundred and six patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients with gastroparesis had higher prevalence of slow transit constipation by radiopaque marker study compared to those with normal emptying (64.7% vs 28.1%, P = 0.013). Additionally, patients with gastroparesis had higher rates of rectocele (88.9% vs 60.0%, P = 0.008) and intussusception (44.4% vs 12.0%, P = 0.001) compared to patients with normal emptying. There was no difference in the rate of dyssynergic defecation between those with gastroparesis vs normal emptying (41.1% vs 42.1%, P = 0.880), and no differences in anorectal manometry findings. Conclusions Patients with gastroparesis had a higher rate of slow transit constipation, but equal rates of dyssynergic defecation compared to patients with normal gastric emptying. These findings argue for investigation of possible delayed colonic transit in patients with gastroparesis and vice versa.