의미망 구축을 통한 데이터베이스 통합방법

이정욱,박성진 한신대학교 정보과학연구소 2000 한신정보대학교 정보과학연구소 Vol.- No.2

멀티데이터베이스 시스템(multidatabase system)은 분산 환경에서 이질적이고 자치적인 요소 데이터베이스(component database)들에 대한 통합된 접근을 제공한다. 멀티 데이터베이스 시스템에서 데이터베이스들에 대한 통합된 접근을 제공하기 위해서는 의미 이질성(semantic heterogeneity)이 탐색되고 해결되어져야 한다. 즉, 멀티데이터베이스 시스템은 각 요소 데이터베이스가 가지고 있는 정보의 의미를 이해하고 의미적으로 동등한 또는 유사한 정보들을 식별할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 데이터베이스의 통합을 위한 의미망(semantic network)을 구축함으로써 요소 데이터베이스간의 의미 이질성을 탐색하고 해결하였다. 의미망을 통하여 정보의 의미를 표현 및 해석함으로써 멀티데이타베이스 시스템에서의 통합된 정보에 대한 효율적인 접근 메카니즘을 제공한다.

정보통합 과정에서 데이터 레지스트리의 역할

이정욱 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 2002 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.2

In order to give users integrated access to a multidatabase system, we need an effective and efficient mechanism for enabling knowledge to be shared and exchanged. A data registry supports data sharing with cross-system and cross-organization descriptions of common data. For developers of new database, a data registry provides the bases for designing a system to enable the capture, storage, management, and exchange fo the data element. While a data registry gives the basis for integrating information to new standard databases, it required legacy databases to reconstruct their internal structure to adapt themselves to the data registry. It is a time-consuming and hard task. In this paper, to integrate legacy database and standard database, first we provide a mechanism for integrating legacy databases without changing their information structures. And then, we combine the mechanism with a data registry to give efficient access to an integrated environment.

Gastroprotective effects of the nonsaponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng through cyclooxygenase-1 upregulation

Jeong-Oog Lee,김지혜,Sunggyu Kim,김미연,홍요한,김한경,Jae Youl Cho 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.4

Background: Korean Red Ginseng is known to exhibit immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatoryproperties. The immune-enhancing effects of the nonsaponin fraction (NSF) of Korean Red Ginsenghave been studied in many reports. However, the gastroprotective effect of this fraction is not fullyunderstood. In this study, we demonstrate the activities of NSF for gastrointestinal protection and itsrelated critical factor. Methods: The in vitro and in vivo regulatory functions of NSF on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) messengerRNA and protein levels were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblottinganalyses. Gastroprotective effects of NSF were investigated by histological score, gastric juicepH, and myeloperoxidase activity on indomethacin-induced, cold stresseinduced, and acetylsalicylic acideinduced gastritis and dextran sulfate sodiumeinduced colitis in in vivo mouse models. Results: NSF did not show cytotoxicity, and it increased COX-1 messenger RNA expression and proteinlevels in RAW264.7 cells. This upregulation was also observed in colitis and gastritis in vivo models. Inaddition, NSF treatment in mice ameliorated the symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation, includinghistological score, colon length, gastric juice pH, gastric wall thickness, and myeloperoxidase activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that NSF has gastroprotective effects on gastritis and colitis in in vivomouse models through COX-1 upregulation.

Enhancement of skin barrier and hydration-related molecules by protopanaxatriol in human keratinocytes

Jeong-Oog Lee,So-Hyeon Hwang,Ting Shen,Ji Hye Kim,Long You,Weicheng Hu,Jae Youl Cho 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.2

Background: Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is a secondary intestinal metabolite of ginsenoside in ginseng. Although the effects of PPT have been reported in various diseases including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases, the skin protective effects of PPT are poorly understood. Methods: HaCaT cells were treated with PPT in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA and protein levels which related to skin barrier and hydration were detected compared with retinol. Luciferase assay was performed to explore the relative signaling pathway. Western blot was conducted to confirm these pathways and excavated further signals. Results: PPT enhanced the expression of filaggrin (FLG), transglutaminase (TGM)-1, claudin, occludin and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) -1, -2 and -3. The mRNA expression levels of FLG, TGM-1, HAS-1 and HAS-2 were suppressed under NF-κB inhibition. PPT significantly augmented NF-κB-luc activity and upregulated Src/AKT/NF-κB signaling. In addition, PPT also increased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK, JNK and p38 and upstream MAPK activators (MEK and MKK). Furthermore, transcriptional activity of AP-1 and CREB, which are downstream signaling targets of MAPK, was enhanced by PPT. Conclusion: PPT improves skin barrier function and hydration through Src/AKT/NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Therefore, PPT may be a valuable component for cosmetics or treating skin disorders.

Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-kB and AP-1 pathways

Jeong-Oog Lee,Yanyan Yang,Yu Tao,이영수,Jae Youl Cho 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.3

Although ginsenosides and saponins in Korea red ginseng (KRG) shows various pharmacological roles, their roles in the inflammatory response are little known. This study investigated theanti-inflammatory role of ginsenosides identified from KRG saponin fraction (RGSF) and the potentialmechanism in macrophages. Methods: The ginsenoside composition of RGSF was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. An anti-inflammatory effect of RGSF and its mechanisms were studied using nitricoxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production assays, mRNA expression analyses of inflammatorygenes and cytokines, luciferase reporter gene assays of transcription factors, and Western blot analyses ofinflammatory signaling pathways using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Results: HPLC analysis identified the types and amounts of various panaxadiol ginsenosides in RGSF. RGSF reduced the generation of inflammatory molecules and mRNA levels of inflammatory enzymes andcytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, RGSF inhibited the signaling pathways of NF-kBand AP-1 by suppressing both transcriptional factors and signaling molecules in LPS-treatedRAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: RGSF contains ginsenosides that have anti-inflammatory action via restraining the NF-kBand AP-1 signaling pathways in macrophages during inflammatory responses.

Compound K, a ginsenoside metabolite, plays an antiinflammatory role in macrophages by targeting the AKT1-mediated signaling pathway

Jeong-Oog Lee,Eunju Choi,신건국,Yo Han Hong,김한경,정덕,호싸인암자드,Hyun Soo Kim,이영수,Donghyun Kim,Eunji Kim,Jae Youl Cho 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Compound K (CK) is an active metabolite of ginseng saponin, ginsenoside Rb1, that has been shown to have ameliorative properties in various diseases. However, its role in inflammation and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this report, the antiinflammatory role of CK was investigated in macrophage-like cells. Methods: The CK-mediated antiinflammatory mechanism was explored in RAW264.7 and HEK293 cells that were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or exhibited overexpression of known activation proteins. The mRNA levels of inflammatory genes and the activation levels of target proteins were identified by quantitative and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results: CK significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-a and morphological changes in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells under noncytotoxic concentrations. CK downregulated the phosphorylation of AKT1, but not AKT2, in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Similarly, CK reduced the AKT1 overexpression-induced expression of aldehyde oxidase 1, interleukin- 1b, interferon-b, and tumor necrosis factor-a in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CK plays an antiinflammatory role during macrophage-mediated inflammatory actions by specifically targeting the AKT1-mediated signaling pathway.

Antimelanogenesis and skin-protective activities of Panax ginseng calyx ethanol extract

Lee, Jeong-Oog,Kim, Eunji,Kim, Ji Hye,Hong, Yo Han,Kim, Han Gyung,Jeong, Deok,Kim, Juewon,Kim, Su Hwan,Park, Chanwoong,Seo, Dae Bang,Son, Young-Jin,Han, Sang Yun,Cho, Jae Youl The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3

Background: The antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several articles; however, little is known about the antimelanogenesis effect, skin-protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially of P. ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) exerts skin-protective effects, we studied its activities in activated melanocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced keratinocytes. Methods: To confirm the antimelanogenesis effect of Pg-C-EE, we analyzed melanin synthesis and secretion and messenger RNA and protein expression levels of related genes. Ultraviolet B (UVB) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) were used to induce cell damage by ROS generation. To examine whether this damage is inhibited by Pg-C-EE, we performed cell viability assays and gene expression and transcriptional activation analyses. Results: Pg-C-EE inhibited melanin synthesis and secretion by blocking activator protein 1 regulatory enzymes such as p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate response element-binding protein. Pg-C-EE also suppressed ROS generation induced by $H_2O_2$ and UVB. Treatment with Pg-C-EE decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and hyaluronidases and increased the cell survival rate. Conclusion: These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have antimelanogenesis properties and skin-protective properties through regulation of activator protein 1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein signaling. Pg-C-EE may be used as a skin-improving agent, with moisture retention and whitening effects.

Gastroprotective effects of the nonsaponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng through cyclooxygenase-1 upregulation

Lee, Jeong-Oog,Kim, Ji Hye,Kim, Sunggyu,Kim, Mi-Yeon,Hong, Yo Han,Kim, Han Gyung,Cho, Jae Youl The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.4

Background: Korean Red Ginseng is known to exhibit immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties. The immune-enhancing effects of the nonsaponin fraction (NSF) of Korean Red Ginseng have been studied in many reports. However, the gastroprotective effect of this fraction is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate the activities of NSF for gastrointestinal protection and its related critical factor. Methods: The in vitro and in vivo regulatory functions of NSF on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) messenger RNA and protein levels were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting analyses. Gastroprotective effects of NSF were investigated by histological score, gastric juice pH, and myeloperoxidase activity on indomethacin-induced, cold stress-induced, and acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastritis and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in in vivo mouse models. Results: NSF did not show cytotoxicity, and it increased COX-1 messenger RNA expression and protein levels in RAW264.7 cells. This upregulation was also observed in colitis and gastritis in vivo models. In addition, NSF treatment in mice ameliorated the symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation, including histological score, colon length, gastric juice pH, gastric wall thickness, and myeloperoxidase activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that NSF has gastroprotective effects on gastritis and colitis in in vivo mouse models through COX-1 upregulation.

Compound K, a ginsenoside metabolite, plays an antiinflammatory role in macrophages by targeting the AKT1-mediated signaling pathway

Lee, Jeong-Oog,Choi, Eunju,Shin, Kon Kuk,Hong, Yo Han,Kim, Han Gyung,Jeong, Deok,Hossain, Mohammad Amjad,Kim, Hyun Soo,Yi, Young-Su,Kim, Donghyun,Kim, Eunji,Cho, Jae Youl The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Compound K (CK) is an active metabolite of ginseng saponin, ginsenoside Rb1, that has been shown to have ameliorative properties in various diseases. However, its role in inflammation and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this report, the antiinflammatory role of CK was investigated in macrophage-like cells. Methods: The CK-mediated antiinflammatory mechanism was explored in RAW264.7 and HEK293 cells that were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or exhibited overexpression of known activation proteins. The mRNA levels of inflammatory genes and the activation levels of target proteins were identified by quantitative and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results: CK significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and morphological changes in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells under noncytotoxic concentrations. CK downregulated the phosphorylation of AKT1, but not AKT2, in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Similarly, CK reduced the AKT1 overexpression-induced expression of aldehyde oxidase 1, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interferon-${\beta}$, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CK plays an antiinflammatory role during macrophage-mediated inflammatory actions by specifically targeting the AKT1-mediated signaling pathway.

딥 러닝을 이용한 단일 카메라 SLAM에서 스케일 드리프트 감소

이정욱(Jeong Oog Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2021 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.27 No.8

Monocular SLAM(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) systems have such advantages as low cost and light weight compared to stereo or laser range finder based SLAM systems. However they also have relatively large errors when they measure the distances between a vehicle and some distinct objects, which can lead to scale ambiguity or scale drift. In this paper, we suggest a scale drift-aware monocular SLAM system using CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) which is one of the key technologies of Deep Learning. CNN nowadays has proved its performances especially in computer vision. We have trained the system with plenty of images of some predetermined objects using CNN. And then we can measure the absolute distances between a vehicle and already known objects and resolve the scale drift problems. The suggested system has been evaluated by several experiments.