Governance Reconsidered in Japan: Searching for New Paradigms in the Global Economic Downturn

Jemma Kim 서울대학교행정대학원 2010 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.25 No.1

This paper aims to answer following questions in the context of the global economic crisis: (1) What are the features and the causes of the socioeconomic difficulties that Japan is facing now? (2) What efforts in public administration and governance are being made in Japan in order to overcome the crisis? (3) In the process of overcoming the crisis, will there be a paradigm shift in governance and will the new system be institutionalized? To answer these questions, this paper will stress the importance of East Asian integration by examining the domestic politics of the Japanese free trade agreement (FTA) policy. Asian regional integration is a way for the Japanese economy to undertake structural reform. Japan should advance two policy options in parallel: managing a domestic safety net and promoting an FTA with East Asia. In that sense, Japanese government accountability, in other words governance, is essential.

Japan’s Choice : TPP Rule Setter or Follower?

Jemma Kim 재단법인 동아시아연구원 2013 EAI 이슈브리핑 Vol.- No.-

A Bivariate Probit Analysis of the Determinants of a Child’s Participation In School And Labor In the Native Cocoa Households of Ghana

Jemma Rethman(젬마 레트만),Jung Ho Kim(김정호) 한국아프리카학회 2015 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.45 No.-

아동노동은 오늘날 가나와 가나의 코코아 산업이 직면한 가장 심각한 문제 중 하나이다. 아동노동문제를 야기하는 제 결정요소들을 심층연구하고 이해하는 것은 이 문제를 효과적으로 해결하기 위해서 반드시 필요하다. 이러한 관행에 대한 확실한 진상을 파악하기 위해서는 이 아동들의 학교수업참여를 결정하는 제 요소도 함께 연구되어야 한다. 본고는 2006년 가나의 코코아 농부들을 대상으로 (설문)조사한 데이터 세트를 활용하여 해당 아동의 학교수업 및 아동노동 참여여부를 결정할 가능성이 있는 아동 개인별 특성, 각 가정의 가구주 특성, 가정 전체의 특성들을 설명변수로 삼아 가나의 3개 주요 코코아 생산지역을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구방법론으로는 이변량프로빗모형(bivariate probit regression model)을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 아동의 나이와 성별, 가구주의 최종학력수준과 최근이주여부, 가구에서 차지하는 아동의 비중, 가정의 입지, 경작농장의 수, 연간 코코아 생산량 및 가장 근접한 중등학교까지의 통학시간 등이 아동노동 투입과 학업참여 여부를 설명하는 데에 상당한 영향이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. The use of child labor in cocoa cultivation is one of the direst issues facing Ghana today. It is imperative to investigate and better understand the diverse factors which lead to the incidence of child labor and schooling in order to develop strategies which can effectively address this sensitive issue. This paper studies the child, head of household and household characteristics that play a role in determining a child’s school enrollment and participation in child labor, using the dataset from Ghana Cocoa Farmer’s Survey of 2006 and a bivariate probit regression model for analysis. The econometric analysis highlights the effect of socio-economic factors on child labor and schooling in the three main cocoa farming regions of Ghana. Child age and gender, the education level and migrant status of the household, the proportion of school age children in the household, the location of the household, the number of farms cultivated, the amount of cocoa output and the number of hours to the nearest secondary school were found to be significant in explaining child labor and/or school enrollment.

Evidence-based Peer Modeling Practices for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-analysis of Single-Subject Design Research

Jemma H. Kim,Christina H. kimm 한국발달장애학회 2015 발달장애연구 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the impact of evidence-based peer modeling practices for children with ASD spectrum disorders (ASD) under Bandura's social learning theory framework. Effectiveness of peer modeling practices related to attention, retention, production, and motivation components of the observational learning process of children with ASD were measured and compared by computing the percentage of nonoverlapping data points (PND) and Cohen's d effect sizes from single-subject design research that have met inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis examined if peer-modeling practices for children with ASD were effective in general and also investigated when peer modeling practices worked the best for children with ASD.

Lexical and Goal Inference Making in a Cooperative Story Mapping for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders and their Peers

Jemma H. Kim,Christina H. kimm 한국행동분석학회 2017 행동분석․지원연구 Vol.4 No.1

Three elementary school students with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and their peers in cooperative learning groups participated in lexical and goal inference making in a cooperative story mapping intervention. A multiple-baseline design across participants was implemented to assess the intervention effect on reading comprehension skills of students with ASDs. Generalization of learned skills and social validity of the participants were also examined. Students with ASDs as well as peers increased their reading comprehension scores, especially on inferential questions. This study contributes to the existing literature on effective reading instruction strategies for students with ASDs in an inclusive educational setting.

Intercultural Dialogue Project of Graduate Students in Special Education Program

Jemma Bae Kwon,Nari Choi 아시아지적장애인연맹 산하 아시아저널센터 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Vol.5 No.2

Intercultural dialogue is an open and equitable exchange among individuals from different cultural backgrounds and with various world views. The process of intercultural dialogue is to lead a deeper understanding of the other’s perspectives and crucial to constructing social cohesion among people who are collaborating with each other. The final project for crosscultural interactions in a multi-culture special education class is a report on experiences with and reflection on intercultural dialogue with personal and professional partners. This paper is to illustrate the introduction of personal and professional dialogue section, method, the results and interpretation as well as discussion of personal and professional dialogue sessions, implication and conclusions.

하토야마 유키오(鳩山由紀夫)의 "이념적 리더십"-성공과 실패 원인 분석을 중심으로-

김젬마 ( Jemma Kim ) 현대일본학회 2012 日本硏究論叢 Vol.36 No.-

2009년 8월 중의원 선거에서 민주당은 절대다수의석을 확보하여 역사적인 정권교체가 이루어졌고 일본 국민들의 커다란 흥분 속에서 민주당, 사회민주당 및 국민신당의 3당 연합으로 구성된 하토야마 정권이 출범했다. 이 정권교체가 일본 정당정치에서 지 니는 역사적 의의는 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않다. 20년 전부터 기능장애에 빠져 있었던, 족의원(族議員)과 이익 주도, 파벌과 후원회 등으로 특징지어지는 자민당 정치의 종언을 고한 것이다. 하토야마는 자민당정권 시대의 ``오래된 정치(Ancien R?gime)``에 대항하는 ``새로운 정치``를 제창했다. ``관료의 관료에 의한 관료를 위한 정치``를 종식시키고 ``관료주도로부터 정치주도로의 전환``을 도모했던 것이다. 본 논문은 하토야마의 리더십 형성과정을 하토야마 리더십의 원형, 민주당 창당 후 정권 획득까지의 과도기, 수상 재임시 리더십 실패의 세 단계로 나누어 살펴보고자 한 다. 하토야마는 우애(友愛:fraternity)-``우익과 좌익의 전체주의``를 배제하고 ``자유와 평등``, ``자립과 공생``의 균형을 실현하는 이념-를 내세운 ``새로운 정치``를 제창하여 경 쟁 원리와 효율을 우선시하는 자민당 정치와의 차이를 명확히 했다. 이러한 의미에서 하토야마의 우애는 ``제 3의 길``과 일맥상통한 것으로 이해될 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 하토야마의 리더십을 세계화 속에서 제3의 길을 모색하는 ``이념적 리더십``으로 정의하 고, 그 성공과 실패의 요인을 살펴 볼 것이다. In August 2009, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) gained a majority in the more-powerf ul lower house, resulting in the first prime minister from the DPJ in postwar history. With much fanfare in Japan, the Hatoyama administration launched a coalition governmentwith the Social Democratic Party and the People`s New Party. Needless to say, this was a regime change of historical significance in Japan`s party politics. The DPJ ended the dysfunctional politics of the LDP, characterized by special interest legislators (zoku-giin) and profit-led factionalism. Hatoyama advocated for a "new politics" against LDP governments still mired in the era of "old politics (Ancien R?gime)". Hatoyama tried to lead the transition from a bureaucracy-led government to political leadership to end what he described as "politics by the bureaucracy, of the bureaucracy and for the bureaucracy". This paper explores the formation and development of Hatoyama`sleadership style, in the following three sections: 1) the fundamental roots of Hatoyama leadership, 2) the transitional period from the founding of the Democratic Party to his rise to power in government, and 3) the failure of his leadership as prime minister. Hatoyama proposed fraternity (yu-ai), define d as the exclusion of "the left and right of totalitarianism," and the realization of an ideology of "freedom and equality" and "the balance of independence and coexistence". He advocated a "new politics," one that was distinct from traditional LDP politics with its emphasis on the principles of competition and efficiency. In this sense, Hatoyama`s concept of fraternity was akin to the "third way" in European political discourse. This paper explores the factors behind success and failure in Hatoyama`s leadership, which can be characterized as an "ideological leadership" of seeking an alternative approach to and amidst globalization".

Impacts of Peer-mediated Inference Making Activities on Behaviors Changes of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders : Contingent Responses, Verbal Initiations, and Inappropriate Behaviors

Kim, Jemma H.,Kimm, Christina H. 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2015 특수교육 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 조직적인 또래 상호활동과 상호의존적 집단강화를 통한 또래중재 추론학습과정이 자폐아동의 책임반응, 언어 주도력, 부적절한 행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 한 명의 자폐아동과 두 명의 비장애 또래아동을 한 팀으로 구성하여, 50분 동안의 또래중재 추론학습을 주 2회로 총 12주 동안 실시하였다. 세 명의 자폐아동을 대상으로 대상자간 중다기초선설계방법을 사용하였고, 또래중재 추론학습법의 타당도 검사를 실시하였다. 실험결과, 세명의 자폐아동이 모두 또래중재 추론학습과정에서 부수적인 목표행동에 긍정적 변화를 보였으며, 비장애아동을 포함한 모든 대상아동들이 읽기에 대한 보다 높은 자기평가를 하였다. 이 연구를 통해 독해력을 향상시키기 위한 교육방법인 또래중재 추론학습법이 통합교육 환경에서 자폐아동들의 긍정적인 행동을 향상시킬 수 있다는 잠정적인 결과를 얻었다. Through structured peer interactions and interdependent group contingency, students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were expected to increase the quantity of their appropriate behaviors during peer-mediated inference making learning activities. Three groups of one student with ASD and two peers each participated in 50 minutes twice sessions a week for 12 weeks. The multiple-baseline single subject design across three students with ASD was implemented to assess the effects of peer-mediated inference making activities on their contingent responses, verbal initiations, and inappropriate behaviors. This study also evaluated social validity by examining the participants’ self-evaluation in reading. Three elementary school students with ASD demonstrated collateral gains in behavior changes during peer-mediated inference making activities. All the participants reported promoted self-evaluation in reading. Findings from this study suggest that peer-mediated inference making learning activity is a useful reading comprehension instructional strategy to promote appropriate behaviors of students with ASD in inclusive educational settings.

한국 근대아동소설의 ‘소영웅(小英雄)’ 변주와 『쿠오레』 번역

김젬마 ( Kim Jemma ) 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2019 한국학연구 Vol.0 No.55

이 논문은 한국 아동문학 형성기인 1920년대 번역된 『쿠오레』의 현황과 『쿠오레』의 각 편들이 선택적으로 수용되고 변형 혹은 개작된 경향들을 살펴봄으로써, 『쿠오레』의 토착화가 당시 아동문학에 미친 영향을 고찰해보는데 목적이 있다. 식민지 조선에서 『쿠오레』 번역은 근대 국민 국가의 탄생과 예비 국민들을 지도하기 위한 수신독물로서의 역할을 수행하며 한국 아동문학의 형성에 영향을 미쳤다. 당시 『쿠오레』의 번역 주체들은 이태리를 국가와 민족의 존립에 걸맞는 조선의 이상국으로 표방하며, 조선과 이태리를 등가관계로 설정함으로써 조국을 위해 희생하는 것을 덕목으로 삼는 ‘용소년’의 이미지를 조선의 아동에게 대입시켜 그들의 긍지를 본받아야 함을 강조했다. 이에 요구되는 자질은 정의, 의협심, 용기, 희생, 헌신, 동정심 등 근대적 국민성을 투영하는 덕목들을 포함한다. 따라서 ‘소영웅’은 국민 국가 공동체 구성원으로서의 자질을 소년에게 투사하며 근대 국민국가로의 지향을 반영하는 매개물로서 기능한다. 『쿠오레』의 ‘소영웅’ 캐릭터는 피 끓는 용감한 ‘용소년’에서 점차 대의를 위해 희생하는 ‘인고와 헌신의 주인공’상으로 귀착되는 양상을 보이며 한국 아동문학의 고전적인 캐릭터로 자리 잡는다. 이처럼 ‘소영웅’은 역사소설 속에 등장할 법한 구국의 영웅에서 점차 일상의 영웅으로 그 모습이 변화되어 가는데, 이는 ‘소영웅’이 예비국민인 아동이 ‘국민’으로 재탄생되는 과정 속에서 설정되고 변주되는 과정 속에 놓여 있었음을 반증한다. This paper aims to examine the impact of the naturalization of ‘Cuore’ on children’s literature at that time, by looking at the status of the ‘Cuore’ translated in the 1920s, and the trends that each editions of ‘Cuore’ selectively accepted, modified or adapted. In Colonial Joseon, the “Cuore” translation affected the formation of Korean children’s literature, serving as a Moral textbook to guide the birth of a modern national country and its prospective citizens. At that time, the translators of “Cuore” advocated Italy as an ideal country for the Joseon Dynasty that was worthy of the existence of the nation and its people, and emphasized that they should emulate the image of a “Brave Boy” as a virtue of making sacrifices for their country by placing Joseon and Italy in an equal relationship. The required qualities include virtues that project modern national character, such as justice, loyalty, courage, sacrifice, devotion, and compassion. Thus, “Little Hero” projects qualities as a member of the national community to the boys and serves as a medium reflecting their orientations as a modern nation. The “Little Hero” character of “Cuore” is established as a classic character of Korean children’s literature, showing a pattern of coming down from the blood-boiling brave “Yong-boy” to the “main character of endurance and devotion” that gradually sacrifices for the cause. As such, “Little Hero” gradually changes from the hero from history novels that saves the nation to the hero of everyday life, rebutting that the prospective national, the child was in the process of being configure and changed in the process of rebirth as a ‘national’.

Sex- and Age-Specific Trends in Cardiovascular Health in Korea, 2007–2018

So Mi Jemma Cho,Hokyou Lee,Hyeon Chang Kim 대한심장학회 2021 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.51 No.11

Background and Objectives: We illustrated sex- and age-specific temporal trends in cardiovascular health among Korean adults. Methods: From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018, we included 61,408 participants aged 20 years or older. The ideal levels of 6 components of cardiovascular health metrics were defined as never-smoking, ≥75 min/week of vigorous or ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, body mass index (BMI) <23 kg/m2, total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, blood pressure (BP) <120/80 mmHg, and fasting glucose <100 mg/dL. Temporal trends in the number of ideal cardiovascular health components and distribution of each component were assessed by sex and age. Results: The average number of ideal cardiovascular health components decreased from 3.37 in 2007–2009 to 2.86 in 2016–2018. Never smoking increased from 56.0% to 59.2%, largely contributed by young men. Ideal physical activity halved (41.4–21.3%); such decline was more pronounced in women and with older age. Ideal BMI decreased from 44.3% to 42.2%, more apparently in young and elderly men. In contrast, ideal BMI increased in middle-aged and elderly women. Ideal cholesterol decreased from 65.5% to 50.3%, profoundly in young adults and relatively greater in men. Ideal BP declined from 55.1% to 46.9%, more evidently in men. However, ideal BP discernibly increased in middle-aged women. Ideal glucose decreased from 74.6% to 66.0%, comparatively greater and earlier in men. Conclusions: The proportion of Korean adults with ideal cardiovascular health decreased between 2007 and 2018, but the course of responsible factors differed across sex and age groups.