라오스의 벼 생산 현황과 문제점

이문희,최경진,이정일,정남진,양원하,김제규 한국국제농업개발학회 2001 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.13 No.4

Rice is the single most important crop in Lao PDR. In the 2000 rice production year, total rice production in the Laos reached 2.2 million tons. This is regarded as sufficient to provide national self-sufficiency. The rice harvested area in 2000 was approximately 719,500ha and represented 80% of cropped land area. Approximately 82% of production was from wet season cropped and 18% was from the irrigated dry season. Grain yield per unit area vary from 1.68 to 4.39 ton/ha in the wet season environment. However, the highest grain yield (4.39 ton/ha) obtained from the dry season irrigated crop. Higher yields and reduced year variation in production can be expected with the further intensification of production systems in the low land environments. However, further imporvements in production will be dependent on higher levels of inputs and further alleviation of some the production constraints.

수피 돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 분광학적 특성 변화

박창진,김정규,김정제,박용하,신명교,양재의,최문헌 한국환경농학회 1999 한국환경농학회지 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 수피 부산물 비료의 돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 시료의 유기물 분획의 함량 변화, Δlog K값과 RF값 등의 분광학적 특성 변화, 원형여지 chromatograp의 변화를 측정하여, 부숙도의 판정 기준 설정을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수피와 돈분 부산물빌 중 HA-C와 FA-C의 함량은 대체로 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 감소하는 경향이었고, HA-C/FA-C 비는 증가하였다. 수피와 돈분 부산물 비료의 Δlog K값은 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 감소하였으며, RF값은 증가하였다. 생수피의 부식산 형태는 R_p 형태였으나, B형태를 거쳐 120일경과 후 A형태로 변화하여 거의 완숙상태에 도달하였으며, 돈분 부산물 비료의 경우 40일경과 후에도 B형태로 나타나 유기물질의 부숙이 진행중인 것으로 판단되었다. 수피부산물 비료의 원형여지 chromatograph는 120일경과 후에 규칙적인 톱니 모양을 하고 있어 완숙단계에 이른 것으로 판단할 수 있었으나, 돈분 부산물의 경우는 40일이 경과한 후에도 부분적으로 불규칙적인 모양을 하고 있어 부숙이 진행되고 있는 상태인 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. Changes of the spectroscopic characteristics of the organic matter fractions and circular filter paper chromatograph were assessed for the bark and piggery manure composts during the composting. as an approach to base the criteria of the compost maturity evaluation. Contents of humic acid-C (HA-C) and fulvic acid-C (FA-C) in both bark and piggery manure composts were decreased as the composting got closer to maturity, but the ratios of HA-C/FA-C were increased. During the composting. Δlog K values were decreased, but RF values were increased. Humic acid of the mature bark compost after 120 days of composting was A-type, as compared to Rp-type for the raw bark and B-type for the immature compost. However. humic acid of the mature piggery manure composts after 40 days of composting was B-type, indicating the humification of the organic matter fractions continued at this stage. Circular filter paper chromatograph of the mature bark compost exhibited the regular sawteeth pattern at the edge, but that of the mature piggery manure showed an irregular sawteeth pattern. Results demonstrated that spectroscopic characteristics and circular filter paper chromatograph of the organic by-product composts might be employed for the compost stability assessment.

曺丕詩考

李在夏 경성대학교 1984 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.5 No.1

스킨 스쿠버 참가수준과 참가형태 및 신체적 자아효능감의 관계

남재화,김건철 한국레크리에이션 교육학회 1999 한국여가학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among participation level in skin-scuba, self efficacy. For accomplishing these purposes, the 300 subjects were selected using the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from the skin-scuba participants. The data for the study were collected through the survey questionnaires. For the data of participation level in skin-scuba, it was classified using Confdration Mondiale des Activits Subaquatiques(CMAS) criteria. For the data, self efficacy developed by Mahoney(1988) and standardized in Korean language by Lee(1998) were used. The statistical methods utilized for testing the hypotheses were Cronbach's α, descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, One-way ANOVA, ANCOVA. From the analyses of the data, the following conclusions of the study were obtained; First, the participation level in skin-demographic characteristics of skin-scuba participants. Second, participation type in skin-scuba does not influences on the self efficacy. Third, the participation level is partly influenced by flow experience in skin-scuba.

Mycophenolic Acid가 PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 NAD(P)H Oxidase, 세포내 활성산소족 및 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases에 미치는 영향

박제현,하헌주,김명수,허규하,김유선 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.14

Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic allograft vasculopathy as in atherosclerosis. We already reported that mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibited VSMC proliferation, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in human VSMCs. In this study, we examined further molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-proliferative effect of MPA in rat VSMCs. Methods: Primary rat VSMCs were stimulated with PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL in the presence or absence of MPA and various kinds of cell signaling inhibitors. Cell proliferation was assessed by [H³]-thymidine incorporation, NAD(P)H oxidase subunits mRNA expression by RT-PCR, dichlorofluorescein-sensitive cellular ROS by FACS, and the activation of PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751), racl, and MAPK by Western blot analysis. Results: PDGF increased cell proliferation and cellular ROS, activation of PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751), racl, expression of p22phox and MOX1 mRNA, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK, compared to control. MPA inhibited up-regulation of racl phosphorylation, p22phox and MOX1 mRNA expression, cellular ROS, and phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. However, MPA did not affect PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751) activation. Wortmannin, diphenyleniodonium (DPI), trolox, and NAC, each inhibited PDGF-induced ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. PD98059 and p38 MAPK inhibitor also inhibited PDGF-induced cell proliferation. Conclusion: These results suggest that MPA inhibits PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation through inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent cellular ROS leading to ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. 배경 : 혈관평활근 세포의 증식은 장기이식 후 발생하는 혈관경화증이나 동맥경화증의 발생과 진행에 중요한 역할을 한다. Mycophenolic acid (MPA)는 강력한 면역억제제로서 혈관평활근 세포의 증식도 억제한다. 본 연구는 사람의 혈관평활근 세포에서 MPK가 세포증식에 관여하는 신호전달계인 활성산소족과 mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) 활성화를 억제하는 기존의 연구결과를 바탕으로, PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 MPA가 세포의 증식을 억제하는 기전을 검색하였다. 방법 : 일차 배양한 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포를 PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL로 자극하였고, MPA를 비롯한 여러 종류의 신호전달 억제제는 PDGF를 투여하기 1시간 전에 투여하였다. 세포증식은 [H³]-thymidine incorporation으로, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit의 mRNA 표현은 RT-PCR로, dichlorofluorescein에 민감한 세포내 활성산소족은 FACS 방법으로, 그리고 PDGF 수용체-β (Tyr 751), racl 및 MARK 활성하는 Western blot으로 각각 분석하였다. 결과 : PDGF는 PDGF 수용체-β (Tyr 751)의 활성화 및 NAD(P)H oxidase subunit 중 racl의 활성화와 p22phox와 MOX1의 mRNA 표현을 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가시켰다. MPA는 PDGF 수용체의 활성화에는 영향을 주지 않았으나, racl의 활성화, p22phox와 MOX1의 mRNA 표현의 상향 조절, 세포내 활성산소족, 그리고 ERK 1/2와 p38 MAPK의 활의한 EFK 1/2와 p38 MAPK 활성화와 세포 증식을 억제하였다. PD98059와 p38 MAPK 억제제는 PDGF에 의한 혈관평활근 세포의 증식을 억제하였다. 결론 : 본 연구결과는 MPA가 NAD(P)H oxidase를 억제함으로써 세포내 활성산소족 생산과, MAPK 활성화를 억제함으로써 PDGF에 의하여 유도되는 혈관평활근 세포의 증식을 억제함을 시사하였다.

폐결핵으로 오인된 SIADH를 동반한 편평상피 세포폐암 1예

김순제,류하근,김선두,이길도,박봉안,류주성,유재등,김인숙,신현준,문언수 대한노인병학회 1999 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.3 No.4

제7차 교육과정 중 ICT 활용이 수업에 미치는 영향 및 개선

조병제,김하석 대불대학교 2003 論文集 Vol.9 No.1

With the introduction of ICT of the 7th curriculum this study is to analyze the process of spreading ICT in Korea and the appearance of execution now from more concete and positive point of view through the case study by the teachers who tried to change and improve the whole schools. And this study is to attain the ultimate goal that the education if ICT utility pursues and to suggest the direction to the substantial progress. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. 1. As for ICT utility instruction, the guide for ICT utility by the subject on the national level was reinfoeced. So, it needs the force of curriculum, and it should be applied to the first-line schools. 2. The utilization could be increased by only making the teachers easy to reedit adequate to the school and personal level at first hand after developing the materials for the instruction of ICT utility by the subject and constructing the utility system. 3. The policy of amount-centered use of information technology in education brought about the waste of a lot of budgets. Also, it brought about the result of mass production of the defective personal computers, we can not use them now, because of absence of personnel who could control the instruments and of being restricted by time for the teachers. 4. In addition, the mind of use of information technology in education still lacks for the whole teachers and students in that the disharmony with the traditional infrastructure and information infrastructure is importantly connected with the improvement of the quality of instriction and the learning effect for the students. Hereafter, the capacity of ICT utlility for the teachers is short of only training the information technology in teachers. And it should be applied to the teachers' promotion and personal affairs complexly. The first-line schools are available in utility effectively only when the teachers who lead the information technology in education should be continuously trained. It presented that overcoming the utility education of functional ICT maximizes the effect only when it a uniform instruction should be sublated and ICT is utilized in all the subjects. In particular, the effect on a dance and instruction in the arts high schools is great. This study is to present clearly that we can get sufficient effect only when it grafts that to the field of schools together through the steady development and improvement of the teaching-learning method as well as the curriculum on a basis of analysis of ICT utility in several literatures and the 7th curriculum till now.

Dimecron 중독증 환자 6예

류하근,박봉안,류주성,유재등,김정수,김치훈,송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

The authors experienced 6 cases of Dimecron intoxication, an organophosphate, that required mechanical ventilator treatment. Among 6 cases, 4 cases were intoxication due to suicidal attempt and 2 cases were due to accidental exposure. Among 4 cases of intoxication due to suicidal attempt, only one patient recovered even after aggressive treatments using gastric lavage, mechanical ventilation, atropine and PAM(pralidoxime). Two cases of intoxications due to accidental exposure, 1 case needed mechanical ventilation. Both cases were recovered without any sequele, however. Organophosphate, especially Dimecron, showed high rates of resfiratory muscle paralysis and mechanical ventilator support. The mortality rate of organophosphate agents can be decreased by education, wearing protectors, and aggressive mechanical ventilator treatment when respiratory failure develops.

중기발암성시험기법을 이용한 Carbendazim의 간발암성 검색

성하정,이제봉,정미혜,이해근 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Carbendazim, which is widely used fungicide, was investigated for rat hepatocarcinogenesis using a medium-term carcinogenicity bioassay. All rats were initially given a single dose (200 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) i. p. and then, starting 2 weeks later, carbendazim treatment group and positive control group received carbendazim (7 mg/kg/ day) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF, V/0, respectively, in the diet for 6 weeks. All rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) at week 3 and sacrificed at week 8. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the number and area per cm" of induced glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the liver. Carbendazim had no effect in the increase of body weight, hematological and biochemical values, and the number and area of GST-P positive foci. These results suggest that this bioassay using DEN-PH method can be useful for detection of hepatocarcinogenic potentials of pesticide.

북한 벼 품종의 지대별 출수반응

양원하,김덕수,전용희,조영찬,김제규,이문희 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

북한벼의 출수 반응을 검토하기 위하여, 작물시험장 인공기상실과 표고가 다른 수원, 철원, 진부 등 3 지역에서 이앙기를 달리하여 1998년과 1999년에 시험 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 지대별 이앙기 변동에 다른 출수일수 변화는 표고가 낮은 지역일수록, 이앙기가 늦어질수록 출수일수가 짧아졌으며, 지역과 이앙기 이동에 따른 경향을 살펴보면, 표고가 높은 진부지역에서 이앙기가 늦어질수록 출수일수가 단축되는 정도가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 2. 북한 벼의 기본영양생장성은 조생종은 대조 품종인 오대벼보다 짧은 편이었고, 중생종은 오대벼에 비하여 긴 편이었다. 다. 감온성은 대비품종인 오대벼보다 대체로 예민한 것으로 나타났으며 극조생종인 올벼 2호는 감온성이 매우 예민한 반응을 보여 ′98년에는 42일, ′99년에는 39일이었다. The experiment was carried out to determine heading response of North Korean rice cultivars at NCES(national crop experiment station). RDA. South Korea in 1998 and 1999. This experiment was tested at three different locations which were Suwon, Cheolwon and Jinbu with 5 transplanting times with 10 cultivars. Duration of heading stage of the rice plant was shortened at lower altitude and in later transplanting date, respectively. Bases on the heading days, it was classified as the basic vegetative phase(BVP) and thermo-sensitive phase(TSP) in tested cultivars. BVPs and TSPs among treated varieties were grouped with four groups. BVPs of North Korean rice cultivars for early maturity were shoter than that of Odaebyeo of Korean rice cultivars, however, those for medium maturity were longer than that of the control cultivar, Odaebyeo. Meanwhile, TSPs of North Korean rice cultivars were more sensitive than that of the check cultivar of Odaebyeo, Correlation between 1998 and 1999 was more significant in basic vegetative phase than in thermo-sensitive stage. Therefore, the heading time of the rice plant primarily depended on the period of basic vegetative phase growth.