Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

Kim, Hyung-Keun,Song, Mina,Jun, ji-Hae,Woo, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Gwan-Shik,Baek, Jeong-Hwa The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone merabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and 1,25(OH)_(2)vitaminD_(3)(VD3) by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM[Ca^(2+)]e or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expressions of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high ectracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated;slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated;s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracelluar calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

한국교회의 공공성 회복을 위한 역사적, 신학적, 문화적 고찰

최형근(Choi, Hyung- keun) 한국선교신학회 2009 선교신학 Vol.21 No.-

Historical, Theological, and Cultural Reflections for the Restoration of Publicity of the Korean Church Choi, Hyung- keun Seoul Theological Seminary The purpose of this article is to reflect and examine status quo of the Korean church becoming a private religion, not enabling to reveal the kingdom values, and losing social credibility to the Korean society and the public characteristics of the gospel. We need to examine how the church has maintained its identity as God’s pilgrim people and the body of Christ throughout the history. First, the early church experienced God’s sovereignty and rule through worship, realized the meaning of the body of Christ through koinonia, and became witnesses to the world on these inner unities. The early church was not a sub-culture belonged to the dominate culture, but formed an alternative culture in Greco-Roman cultural circumstance. Not only was it spiritual renewal, but also social revolution. Second, Christianity became the official or state religion of the Reman empire by the recognition of the Roman emperor Constantine. Thus the church was compromised with the state, meaning that the church gave up to be involved in public affairs and reduced the gospel and salvation to private experience of heaven which is very much dualistic approach to the gospel, mission and salvation. Third, though the Reformation succeeded with the emphases on the importance of faith under the slogan of three sola, sola Scriptura, sola Fide, sola Gratia, it had doubted the authority and authenticity of the Christian tradition. So we cannot deny that it had accelerated the secularization process of the Enlightenment modernism. Forth, the Enlightenment modernism does not provide the way of which the gospel is recognized as “public truth.” In modernism there is no room for religious truth as public truth or fact that must be proven by scientific researches. Against the modernistic worldview which is rational, optimistic, mechanistic and cause/effect-oriented, postmodernism tries to focus its tendency on pluralistic spiritualities that have no claim any absolute truth claimed by religions or fact proven by science. Rather it regards individual self as the most important value. In postmodern paradigm religion is regarded as a private option to choose, not the objective truth. To people living in a postmodern world, it is important whether it can function for satisfying their desire or not. The more the private sphere becomes religious, the more the public sphere becomes secular. And in private spheres religions may be comfortable and free from any secular influences, but it makes religions disengage with public spheres, “real world” such as socio-cultural, political, and economic areas. This phenomenon has been happened in the Korean church that has deeply influenced from American culture and Christianity. What the Korean church is facing is lack of boldness of proclaiming the gospel in public sphere. Our boldness and the church’s real identity must be related to the life of the church being with the poor and the marginalized from the society. From a theological perspective the Korean church today tends to be the one who loses theological relevance and the biblical truth. When the church and theology only function outside of social, economic, and political sphere, it would be defeated by the dominant culture. The authentic task of theology is to be the public confession in uncovering oppression and proclaiming the good news of the gospel. Today what we must point out is that the church recovers the holistic dimension of the gospel in order to restore the God’s world of creation with the integration of tradition, reason and experience on the basis of the Bible. We need to be aware of the fact that the plausibility of our society and culture imbedded in individualism and secular belief systems prevent from realizing the task of the church to reform and transform the culture and society.

LDI(LCD driver Ic)의 응답 시간을 향상시키기 위한 선행 강조 구동 회로 설계

박근형, 손홍희, 정인석 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2008 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.16 No.1

-본문참고-

단일층 다결정 실리콘 플래시 EEPROM 셀의 설계, 제작 및 전기적인 특성 분석

박근형 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2012 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.20 No.1

In this paper, a new single polysilicon flash EEPROM's cell with a select transistor was proposed. The device was designed and fabricated using the Hynix 0.35 μm CMOS processes, and then the electrical characteristics of the fabricated devices were measured. From the measurement results, it was found that the devices showed very excellent performance of the program, the erase and the read operations. In addition, the devices showed very excellent endurance characteristics. Therefore it is sure that the single polysilicon flash EEPROM's cell proposed in this paper can be adequate for an embedded EEPROM device in the future.

Flowable Resin을 이용한 접착식 보정장치의 결합강도 연구

강대근,손우성,김형일 大韓齒科器材學會 2004 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This in vitro investigation was conducted to determine the bond strength of two resin material using universal testing machine and to verify the failure mode for each test specimen with stereoscope. Eighty human permanent maxillary and mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups (40 in each group). Teeth were mounted in stone block (2 teeth in each block) and a 3 mm diameter area of enamel of each sample were etched, rinsed, dried, and adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. A bonded orthodontic retainer with triflex wire was bonded to buccal enamel surface. Debonding was then performed with a force using an Instron universal testing machine. The force was recorded at bond failure. The results data was collected and the mode of fracture failure recorded. The broken specimens were examined with 20× stereoscope to determine the fracture location or failure mode. Failures for each adhesive system were evaluated with ARI scores. The t-test was performed to determine any statistically significant differences among bond strength values of the two materials. And Chi-square test was used to compare the Modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores for the two groups. This in vitro study concluded that; 1. There was no statistical difference in mean bond strength between the flowable (Filtek Flow^(�)) and conventional (Filtek Z250^(�)) resin material (p=0.128). 2. The fracture modes of all samples were resin-wire interface failure or combination of enamel-resin and resin-wire interface failure. Bonded lingual retainer with flowable resin might have clinically acceptable bond strengths. Modes of failure site of flowable resin and conventional composite resin were similar.

자연기흉에서 흉강경 검사와 HRCT를 이용한 폐기포의 Mapping 및 수술적 적응

허균,이석열,박형주,이철세 순천향의학연구소 2002 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.8 No.1

Spontaneous pneumothorax develops frequently in young, slender men and can be life threatening in a severe case. Treatment modalities consist of conservative treatment, thoracentesis and closed thoracostomy. However, for the radical treatment, bullectomy through open thoracotomy is necessary. Recently video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy has become popular as a principal surgical treatment modality. Video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy has advantages over open thoracotomy in many aspects but the recurrence rate is higher than open thoracotomy because blebs can be missed in operation due to a limited operative view. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of bullae using appropriate diagnostic modalities is important before operation. To present, only chest radiography and computerized tomography have been used routinely in order to determine the location and degree of bullae. This study was performed to analyze and compare the efficacy of diagnostic modalities on patients who underwent preoperative thoracoscopic examination and HRCT with the final operative findings of subsequent video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy. A total of 35 patients with more than 50% pneumothorax who received thoracoscopic examination prior to closed thoracostomy and chest HRCT upon full expansion of the lung were enrolled in this prospective study. The presence and location of bullae in each modality were compared. On the basis of these data, video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy was performed under general anesthesia and final results were analyzed. Comparisons of the pre and post-operative findings lead to conclusion that chest HRCT was more effective than thoracoscopic examination on preoperative detection of preoperative detection of bullae.

국제 경기를 통한 스포츠 산업의 활성화 방안

김인형,최동일,남희은,이근모,김찬룡 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This study was mainly focused on the relationship between sports industry and international games. According to the category of both sports information ·service industry and sports technology industry. The way of activating sports industry by international games is proposed as follows; 1. Sports information · service industry 1) Sports Event (1) Expending the inducement of sports event sponsored by domestic international enterprises. (2) Improving image of enterprise by activating character industry. (3) Elevating the mood of international games by pre-event and post-event. (4) Attracting tourist during games session by opening various cultural and artistic events. 2. Media (1) Establishment of Media facilities such as international broadcasting center or media center. (2) Providing best media services by digitalizing every kind of broadcasts. (3) Using aggressive internet advertisement of game's information, cultural events, tourism, and etc. 3. Sports Event Tourism (1) Providing sports event package tourism. (2) Rehabilitating accomodation and convenience facility at the level of advanced country. (3) Building sports theme complex well international sports heros are taken as theme. (4) Building sports mall well every sports-related businesses can be a solved as one-stop service. 2. Sports technology industry 1) Sports Facility (1) Founding the organization of which mission is to induce long-term fund for building and repairing sports facilities. (2) Acquiring economic benefit by selling the right to call sports facilities after company names. (3) Building all weather and multi-purpose sports facilities and practically using after games. 2) Sports Goods (1) Following consumers' demand for design and colors of goods. (2) Developing marketing strategy by opening sports goods expo. (3) Reinforcing the information network among company groups. (4) Acquiring government support for developing sports goods marketers. (5) Developing new kind of leisure goods.

빅 스포츠 이벤트(월드컵) 개최와 스포츠관광 발전방안

이근모,이재형,김찬룡 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2001 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is to provide ways of developing sport tourism by Investigating the trends, previous studies and theoretical background of the tourism and economic effects of big sport events, with reference to related previous literature, journals, reports, materials related to sport tourism and survey results published by Korea National Statistical Office. The Following is the conclusion suggested based on results of the study. First, participation by people of the community needs to be promoted. Especially, big sport events require systems that make possible active participation and support by people of the community. Those systems may include means of forming and collecting opinions such as open briefing, public hearings and seminars, organizations for management or consultation whose member include representative of the community, and volunteering service systems as established and strengthened as can be seen in foreign countries. Second, pre-and post evaluation system should be introduced. Like in other events big sport events have their own final and process purposes. The latter is related to the way of forming and managing sport event organizations, while the former is about ultimate results pursued by sport event. The better accomplishment of the final purpose requires understanding how sport event. The better accomplishment of the final purpose requires understanding how sport events incorporate aspects of tourism. The understanding can be made through evaluation effects of sport events before, during and after the events. Third, whether criteria of the purpose accomplishment of sport events are fulfilled can be determined through the financial analysis and economic efficiency evaluation of the events, the investigation of thoughts and attitudes by people of the community, the examination of perceptions and types of tourists and the evaluation of economic effects of those events. These processes need to be performed with consistency before, during and after sport events. Fourth, products of sport tourism need to bo developed continuously. Big sport events may attract a great attention from mass media around the world by using a variety of tourist information strategies including cultual events celebrating the ground-breaking, construction or opening of port stadiums, pam tours inviting foreign reporters and journalists which I turn lead to the production of relevant, appealing special shows, and programs showing real tastes of Korean culture. Supportive events related to Korean traditional musics, dances, martial arts, foods, pure arts and literature should be also provided to raise the atmosphere and images of sport event as well as inform this nation's history and culture. Firth, sport tourism marketing should be strengthened. Generally sports and tourism have been treated separately. But it is mow recognized that the two parts are closely correlated. such correlation between sports and tourism should be more developed. on which relevant marketing business need to be promoted.

복합적인 레지스트 패턴 붕괴현장의 역학적 해석

이형주,박준택,안일신,김옥근,오혜근 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2003 이학기술연구지 Vol.6 No.-

패턴의 선폭이 100nm이하로 작아짐에 따라 패턴이 부러지고, 휘고, 떨어져 나가는 현상이 발생하는데 이러한 현상을 패턴 붕괴 현상이라고 하며, 반도체 생산과 수율에 많은 영향을 미친다. 패턴 붕괴 현상은 리소그래피 과정 중 현상 후 세척액을 건조하는 과정에서 주로 발생하며 세척액의 표면장력에 의한 모세관 현상이 주된 원인으로 알려져 있다. 패턴 붕괴 현상을 시뮬레이션하기 위하여 패턴이 세척액에 의해서 균일한 압력을 받을 때와 집중 압력을 받을 때의 역학적 모델을 세우기 각각의 모델을 통하여 선폭과 패턴간의 거리에 따른 임계 높이/선폭비 (aspect ratio) 를 계산하여 실제 실험 결과와 일치하는 모델을 선정하였다. 또한 패턴 내부에 생기는 stress 에 의한 부러짐 현상과 패턴 과 레지스트 패턴 하부 층 사이의 접착력 부족으로 발생하는 떨어짐 현상을 해석하였다. High aspect ratio resist patterns with dimensions below 100 nm often bend, break or tear. These phenomena are generically called "resist pattern collapse". Pattern collapse is a very serious problem in fine patterning of less than 100 nm critical dimension (CD), so that it decreases the yield. In order to mechanically analyze this phenomenon and create its simulator, two models have been made and compared. In this paper, various approaches with various analyses are made to understand pattern collapse. Also, the critical aspect ratio for 100 nm node, that determines whether pattern collapse happens or not, can be calculated with these approaches. Finally, tear type caused by insufficiency of adhesion strength between the substrate and the resist is analyzed with a point of view of the surface free energy.

事務室 積載荷重의 等價等分布荷重에 관한 硏究

趙炯槿 호남대학교 1991 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.12 No.2

Recently, structural engineers have recognized the inherent random nature of loadings and materials as well as the imperfect safety evaluation. Based on the successful developments of reliability-based structural analysis and design, the design criteria of the probabilistic limit state concepts., such trends require that the reliability-based design criteria for the building may have to be incorporated into the current building design codes. In order to achieve the above objectives, a probabilistic model of the structures will be developed. For the first time in Korea, an extensive live load survey of an office building was conducted for this study. Live load data were collected in a systematic manner from a survey of 9 office buildings located in Seoul. Using the collected floor live load survey data, the basic statistics(mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, ets.), a histogram of the equivalent uniformly distributed loads (EUDL) is computed. Due to the upper tail regions in the loads of interest from a structural reliability aspect, it is appropriate to examine goodness-of fit test and to compare two common probability distri-bution : The lognormal and gamma. Then, the optimum probability distribution is selected. The ultimate goal of this study are to develop probabilistic live load models to analyze survey data of domestic office buildings and to suggest design live loads with influence areas and structural members.