申脈 혈위자극이 fMRI상 뇌활성화 변화에 미치는 영향 연구

유경환,최일환,박히준,임사비나 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2006 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2006 No.-

Objectives : Recently, the effect of acupuncture has been approved not only in the East but also in the West, so the interest on acupuncture was greatly improved. Especially, functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) was embossed as the study tool for the mechanism of acupuncture noninvasively and many studies on the mechanism of acupuncture using fMRI were carried out. We archived the fMRI study on the brain activity induced by manual acupuncture at BL62(申脈). Methods : The study was the acupuncture at BL62(申脈) and we acquired 9 fMRI results from 6 persons(age 20~30, 4 male and 2 female). These studies employed the block design for mapping brain activity and acupuncture was perfomed at BL62(申脈) on the left foot. Results : The brain related motor function was cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex and thalamus connected these elements. In the result of this study, the regions of significant activation in the cerebellum was centered on the spinocerebellum in the anterior lobe, so we presumed that this result showed the input of stimulation by the acupuncture on BL62(申脈). But basal ganglia and cerebral cortex showed the regions of significant activation in the left larger than the right and regions of the cerebral cortex was the motor and sensory cortex. Such a result explained that acupuncture at BL62(申脈) could have influence the motor function and acupuncture at left BL62(申脈) could affect the right side through the activation of the left basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Conclusions:In the theory of crossing needling at collaterals(繆刺論), if the pathogenic factor invaded in the Yang Heel channel(陽□脈) that was one of the eight Extra maidians(奇經八脈), we recognized the disease of the collateral channel and used contralateral BL62(申脈) for treatment of the Yang Heel channel(陽□脈). Moreover the result of this study could bear the construction that acupuncture at the left BL62(申脈) treats the contralateral lesion and this construction is related to the theory of crossing needling at collaterals(繆刺論).

前腕部 經穴 取穴에서 骨度分寸法과 一夫法의 比較 硏究

박히준,채윤병,차웅석,박종배,이혜정,이향숙,인창식,고형균,김수영,최일환,김강식,문정배,배기태,유경환,육근영,정병주,손인철,임사비나 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Background : The cun measurement System, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and Small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height.

인체 간 Microsome에서의 우슬 추출물의 Cytochrome P450 약물 대사효소에 대한 억제작용

김경아,이지숙,박히준,김진우,김창주,심인섭,한승무,임사비나 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective : Achyranthes bidentata radix (Usul) has been used as anti-arthritic, antiallergic, antidiuretic and so on Recently extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix have shown anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods : We therefore evaluated the inhibitory potential of ehtanol extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix on cytochrome P450(CYP) isoforms-catalyzecd reactions, which relate to causes of cancer and inflammation, including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, using human liver microsomal preparations. Results : The extracts showed weak or negligible inhibitory effects on CYP2C9-catalyzed (S)-warfarin 7-hydroxylation, CYP2C19-catalyzed S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation, and CYP2D6-catalyzed dextromethorphan O-demethylation with each IC50 over 1750 g/㎖, respectively. However, it showed relatively significant inhibitory effect on CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin O-deethylation and CYP2E1-catalyzed chloizoxazone 6-hydroxylation with IC50s of 970.5 g/㎖ and 821.4 g/㎖, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix have inhibitory effects on CYP-catalyzed reactions, expeciallyCYP1A2 and CYP2E1, in human liver microsomes. These effects appear to relate to anti-inflammatory and cancer prevention following decrease of reactive oxygen species formed by CYP, especially CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, by Achyranthes bidentata radix. However, further evaluation is necessary to demonstrate and to confirm its effects in human.

전두엽 기능장애를 동반하는 알쯔하이머병은 보통의 알쯔하이머병과 구분될 수 있는가?

이재홍,류경희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.1

Background:Some Alzheimer's patients exhibit frontal lobe dysfunction early in the course of the disease. We compared this subgroup of Alzheimer's disease(AD) with usual AD to see if there is any neuropsychological or anatomical differentiation. Methods:Twenty patients diagnosed with probable AD using NINCDS-ADRDA criteria underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test (Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and brain MRI. All patients were supposed to be in the early stage of dementia and their clinical dementia rating (CDR) score belonged to either 0.5 or 1. The presence of frontal dysfunction was defined when more than 2 of the 6 test categories were abnormal. Brain MRI was reviewed with regard to the severity of associated leukoaraiosis. Results:Eleven patients belonged to "AD with frontal dysfunction" group, whereas 9 belonged to "AD without frontal dysfunction"group. There were no group differences in the age, CDR score, education level, NPI score, and associated leukoaraiosis on MRI. Mini-Mental State Exam score was lower in the frontal group than in the usual AD group (21.2 vs. 24.9). With respect to neuropsychological performance, naming (p=0.005) and calculation (p=0.04) were significantly impaired in the frontal group than in the usual AD group. There was also a difference in digit span and delayed verbal recall. Conclusion:AD patients with frontal dysfunction tend to show a more severe cognitive impairment with some of the cognitive functions preferentially affected. This study suggests that AD with early involvement of frontal function may be a neuropsychologically distinct subgroup of Alzheimer's disease. Further longitudinal study is warranted to look at whether these patients are a clinically identifiable subgroup of AD.

한국무용 기본동작의 교수학습방법 : 한국무용 기본동작 수행시 운동강도 측정을 중심으로

공미애,심경미,김서영,강희성 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2008 교과교육학연구 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 한국무용 기본동작 수행 시 운동강도를 생리학적 지표인 심박수와 최대산소섭취량을 직접 측정하여 한국무용학습에 정보를 제공하는데 있다. 특별한 심폐혈관계 질환이 없고, 본 논문의 목적 및 실험절차에 대한 설명을 듣고 실험참여에 동의한 10년 이상의 경력을 가진 한국모용수를 6명을 대상으로 NASA가 개발한 소형 포터블 대사측정장비(Aero Sport KB1-C)를 부착하고, 총 14분 동안 한국무용 기본동작을 실시하여 심박수와 최대산소섭취량, 에너지 소모량 등을 직접 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 한국무용 기본동작 수행 시 최대 심박수는 평균 183±7.14 beat/min 이었으며, 평균 심박수는 141.4±12.27 beat/min으로 최대심박수의 72.5%에 해당하는 것이다. 한국무용 기본동작 수행 시 산소섭취량은 1.46±0.11ℓ/min(30± 1.43㎖/㎏/min)으로 58.6±3.28%VO₂max에 해당하는 것이다. 한국무용 기본동작 수행 시 평균 에너지 소모량은 7.73±1.22 Kcal/min이며, 총에너지 소모량(14분동안)은 108.17±17.05Kcal로 나타났다. 또한 평균 에너지 소모량 중에서 지방의 소모량은88.7±5.97%, 탄수화물의 소모량은 4.87±4.88%로 나타났다. 본 실험에서 한국무용 기본동작은 유산소적 운동으로써, 개인의 신체적성을 고려한 운동프로그램으로 조절하여 활용한다면 충분한 운동효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 앞으로 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 에어로빅 동작과의 운동강도 수준을 비교하는 후속연구와 함께 피검자수를 늘린 연구가 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to directly measure the maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, calory consumption and METs during Korean dance exercise as an exercise intensity. Six women Korean dancers who have the career more than 6 years were recruited as subjects. All subjects wore the NASA's potable metabolic measurement instrument(Aero Sport KB!-C) and underwent the 14 minute's korean dance exercise program twice. All data were recorded in Aero Sport KB1-C automatically. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Maximal Heart Rates(HRmax) during basic korean dance exercise were 187.0±7.14beats/min, and mean HR was 141.4±12.27 beats/min. This mean HR corresponded to 72.5%HRmax. 2. Oxygen Uptake(VO2) was 1.46 l/min(30ml/kg/min) and correspond to 58.6±3.28% VO2max. 3. Mean calory consumption was 7.73±1.22 Kcal/min and total Kcal consumption during 14minute's korean dance exercise movement was 108.2±17.05 Kcal. Fat consumed 88.7+5.97%,carbohydrate 4.87±4.88% consumed in mean energy consumption. From the discussion above results, The intensity of Korean dance exercise basic movements was sufficient to increase cardiovascular endurance. Further researches which contained more subjects were needed in the future.

中小製造業의 技術人力確保를 위한 政策硏究

朴來榮,蔡熙慶 홍익대학교 경제연구소 1986 經濟硏究 Vol.3 No.-

老年期女性의 背面彎曲度 減少效果를 爲한 衣服디자인 硏究

金泰京,李京姬,朴正順 한국의류학회 1990 한국의류학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The author has studied the effect of clothes design to mask the dorsal curvature that is one of the commonest changes in elderly women. Body measurements including the body type and the status of dorsal curvature were performed on 153 women of over 60 years of age, and then a body form to fit to the mean measurements was made to evaluate the effects of various designs to it. With 31 pattern designs modified by changing in their slash lines and gathers using darts, the diminishing effect of the rounded back were evaluated by means of sensory test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: I. Results from the body measurements 1) The mean body type in elderly women was that of obesity. 2) With the advancement of age, the angle to indicate the degree of dorsal curvature as well as the angle to indicate the posture are increased. II. Concerning to the clothes design to diminish the shape of dorsal curvature 1) Among the designs by the position of darts, the basic pattern (Fig. 5-1-①) showed the best effect to mask the shape of dorsal curvature. 2) Out of the applied designs of princess lines, that in which the slash line is pointing toward the shoulder point (Fig. 5-2-①) seemed to be most effective. 3) What has angled princess line (Fig. 5-3-①) had the most diminishing effect among the waist darts and armhole princess lines. 4) Among the V-shaped designs, the slashed at the shoulder point (Fig. 5-4-①) had the best effect to lessen the shape of the dorsal curvature. 5) Wider angle yoke had better effect to the narrow angle one among the designs with straight yoke, and that with downward direction (Fig. 5-5-①) showed the best effect. 6) Between straight wide angle yoke and curved yoke, that of curved one with downward direction (Fig. 5-6-①) had better effect as far as the masking effect of dorsal curvature is concerned. 7) Gathers around the neck showed better effect to those around the shoulder, and the more amount of gathers (Fig. 5-7-①), there was better effect. 8) The design with midline gathers at the level of horizontal slash line of armhole (Fig. 5-8-①) showed better effect to that with seperated gathers. 9) In case of design with gathers at the horizontal line of armhole, it showed the better effect with less amount of gathers in midline ones, but with more amount in the side ones. 10) Considering all 7 different designs with better effect in covering the shape of dorsal curvature, it was evident that the design with gathers was far better than the design with application of slash lines.

크림트가 사랑한 단 하나의 여인, 크림트를 사랑하는 현대인들

이경희(Kyoung Hi Lee) 한국강구조학회 2010 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

인간 생활과 문화 : 21 세기 생활문화의 전망과 생활과학의 과제

이경희(Kyoung Hi Lee) 영남대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 영남대학교 생활과학연구소 국제학술심포지움 Vol.- No.3

The Variable Acquisition of Discourse Marker Use in Korean American Speakers of English

Lee, Hi-Kyoung The English Teachers Association in Korea 2005 영어어문교육 Vol.11 No.2

This study is a preliminary investigation of the nature of discourse marker acquisition in Korean American speakers of English. Discourse markers are of interest because they are not an aspect of language taught through formal instruction either to native or non-native speakers. Therefore, discourse marker use serves as indirect evidence of face-to-face interaction with native speakers and an indicator of integration. In this light, the present study examines the presence of discourse markers in Korean Americans. The markers chosen for analysis were you know, like, and I mean. The data consist of spontaneous speech elicited from interviews. Sociolinguistic variables such as age, sex, and generation (i.e., $1^{st}$, 1.5, $2^{nd}$) were examined. Results show that there appears to be interaction between the variables and discourse marker use. While all speakers showed variable acquisition of markers, younger, female, and 1.5 generation speakers were found to use discourse markers more than other speakers. Although discourse marker use is optional and thus not a linguistic feature that must be necessarily acquired, it is clear that use is pervasive and acquired differentially by English speakers irrespective of whether they are native or not.