Corrective Feedback and Phonological Short-Term Memory in the Acquisition of the English That-Trace Filter: A Conceptual Replication of Goo, 2012

( Jae Myung Goo ) 21세기영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학21 Vol.27 No.1

Recent interaction research has shown that corrective feedback may benefit L2 learners to varying degrees, and that certain types of feedback may be more beneficial than others, engendering much discussion and research attempts to investigate the issue. Goo`s (2012) study is one of those empirical attempts conducted in this line of research paradigm. The present study, as a conceptual replication of Goo`s original study, explores this on-going area of feedback research, the relative efficacy of different forms of corrective feedback, and whether/how phonological short-term memory (PSTM) mediates the impact of different feedback moves on the acquisition of the English that-trace filter. Twenty-nine adult high-intermediate Korean EFL learners were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a recast, metalinguistic feedback, and comparison groups. The study employed a pretest-posttest design. One intensive treatment session was implemented. Two dependent variable measures were developed/administered to assess learner performance: a timed grammaticality judgment test and a timed oral production test. Overall results showed that metalinguistic feedback was more effective than recasts at facilitating the acquisition of the target construction. PSTM was not found to be correlated with the effectiveness of recasts and metalinguistic feedback. Different patterns of learner performance were also observed depending upon the mode of dependent variable measure.

한국인의 항파상풍 항체 역가

구홍두,최옥경,장석준,정구영,이정운,김승호 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Inspite of immunization, TETANUS remains a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Tetanus has been still occurred more frequently in developing countries where immunization programs are inadequate. In Korea, there is a routine immunuzation schedule with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus(DPT) vaccines at 2,4,6 month after birth at 18 month. But further prophylactic programs are not exist. Moreover, we have usually used only passive immunization, tetanus antitoxin, as a prophylactic regimen for injured patients instead of guidelines of Center for Disease Control. The purpose of this study was to assess the baseline tetanus immunity state and to suggest the proper immunization schedule and adequate prophylactic guideline for injured patients in Korea. One hundred thirty one trauma patients from emergency department of Severance hospital from September to November of 1993 were included. Antietanus antibody titers of the patients were analyzed by ELISA assay. The mean antitetanus antibody titer was 0.728 ±0.236IU/mL. The titers were diminished rapidly with age. In pediatric group(age under 15), the mean titer was 3.251 ±0.426 IU/mL and in geriatric group(age over 64), the mean titer was 0.007 ±0.002 IU/mL which was below the minimal protective antibody titer(0.01 IU/mL). While all of the pediatric patients have protective antibody titer, only 69.2% of young adults(15-39, n=65), 56.7% of adults(40-64, n=30), and 57.2% of geriatrics(>65, n=14) have protective antibody titer. Our results suggest that tetanus prophylaxis is unnecessary in the age under 14. In other age groups, however, our data strongly support the need of prophyulaxis.

Cardiovascular Neurons Mediating Somatosympathetic Reflex in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

Goo,Yong-Sook,Kim,Sang-Jeong,Kim,Jun,Sung,Ho-Kyung 대한생리학회 1993 대한생리학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) includes vasopressor neurons, which transmit activation signals to the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the spinal cord, where the preganglionic sympathetic nucleus is located, to raise arterial blood pressure (BP). However, controversy exists as to the possible depressor area in the RVLM and the pathway involved. The present study persued evidence far the location of depressor neurons and the pathway by simultaneously observing changes in BP and the firing rate (FR) of cardiovascular neurons (CVNs) in the RVLM during the somatosympathetic reflex (SSR) elicited by peripheral nerve stimulation, since CVNs are known to contribute to the generation of the sympathetic nerve discharge. In 42 cats, anaesthetized with α-chloralose, single unit recording was performed, using carbon filament electrodes inserted into the RVLM, enabling estimation of the post R wave unit histogram (PR-UNlT) and the spike triggered average of sympathetic nerve discharge (STA-SND), allowing identification of CVNs. Antidromic stimulation of spinal T₂ segment was followed to determine whether the identified CVN projects axonal endings to the spinal cord (reticulospinal neuron). The sciatic nerve was electrically stimulated at AΔ-intensity (1 mA, 0.1 ms), 1 Hz and C-intensity (10 mA, 0.5 ms), 20 Hz to elicit the depressor, and pressor responses of the SSR, respectively. Simultaneous measurement of CVN firing rate was made. Experimental results are summarized as follows. 1) 20 out of 98 CVNs had axonal projections to the spinal cord and 17 out of 98 CVNs showed FR changes during SSR. 2) Response patterns of FR and BP during SSR were classified into 8 types. 3) These 8 different response patterns could be further classified into those from pressor and depressor neurons. These results demonstrate that some CVNs were identifiable as reticulospinal neurons responding to anti-dromic stimulation and that CVNs operating as depressor neurons as well as pressor neurons exist in the RVLM, both of which are involved with SSR mediation. Therefore, evidence was found that an independent depressor pathway might be involved in the mediation of SSR.

The Role of Service Level Agreements in Relational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: An Empirical Study

Goo,,Kishore,,Rao,,Nam, JSTOR 2009 MIS Quarterly Vol.33 No.1

<P>This study extends the view that formal contracts and relational governance function as complements rather than as substitutes. We investigate how specific characteristics of service level agreements (SLAs) impact relational governance in information technology outsourcing relationships. Eleven contractual elements (categorized into three SLA characteristics: foundation, change, and governance characteristics) are hypothesized to act as complements of three relational governance attributes: relational norms, harmonious conflict resolution, and mutual dependence. Data for the study were collected through a survey of South Korean IT executives. Results of the study support the fundamental proposition of complementarity between formal contracts and relational governance, and indicate that well-structured SLAs have significant positive influence on the various aspects of relational governance in IT outsourcing relationships. However, the study also reveals that change characteristics of SLAs may act as a substitute for relational governance as these characteristics were found to dampen the level of trust and commitment through moderation effects. Overall, the findings support the proposition that well-developed SLAs not only provide a way to measure the service provider's performance, but also enable effective management of outsourcing engagements through the development of partnership-style relationships with high levels of trust and commitment.</P>

다방향 불규칙파중의 초대형 해양구조물의 동적응답해석

구자삼,조효제,김경태 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

본 논문에서는 3차원 특이점분포법, 파의 상호간섭이론 및 유한요소법을 결합한 Goo등[29]이 개발한 초대형 해양구조물의 동적응답 해석법과 스펙트럴 해석법을 이용하여 다수의 임의형상 지지부체간의 유체역학적 상호간섭을 고려한 다방향 불규칙파중의 초대형 해양구조물의 운동응답 및 구조응답의 유의치를 동시에 계산할 수 있는 동적응답 해석법을 개발하였으며, 반잠수식 Ring 형상의 초대형 해양구조물을 수치계산 모델로 하여 구조물의 동적응답에 미치는 상호간섭과 다방향파의 영향을 평가하였다. A numerical procedure is described for predicting the motion and structural responses of the very large floating offshore structures supported by multiple 3-D floating bodies of arbitrary shape in multi-directional irregular waves. The developed numerical approach taking into account of the hydrodynamic interactions among the multiple floating bodies is based on a combination of the 3-D source distribution method, the wave interaction theory, the finite element method and the spectral analysis method to get the significant values of the dynamic responses in the multi-directional irregular waves. The effects of wave interactions and directionality on the dynamic responses of a very large offshore structure, which is semisubmersible ring type, are numerically examined.

僞造된 登記申請書에 의해 經了된 所有權移轉登記의 效力

강구욱 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.21 No.2

Article 176 of the Japanese Civil Law enacted in Korea until December 31, 1959 prescribes the intentionism on transfer of a real right. However, the Korean Civil Law, which was legislated on February 22, 1958 and enacted from January 1, 1960, changed its principle to formalism. According to this principle of transfer of a real right in the Civil Law, if a person concludes a contract to buy another person's property and pays all of the proceeds of the sale, and if the property is not fulfilled a registration of ownership transfer, a purchaser can not acquire ownership of the property. And According to the principle of joint application for registration in the Registration of Real Estate Act, the ownership transfer registration must be filed jointly by the seller and the buyer. Therefore, if the real estate seller has not filed a valid application for registration, the ownership transfer registration to the buyer is invalid, and the buyer can’t acquire the ownership. However, the Supreme Court has established and maintains a case law stating that it is valid registration if it is coincide with the substantive relation, even if the registration is made by the forged application form for registration. And many theories support it. In this paper, I introduced many precedents of the Supreme Court on this issue, and examined the major three precedents of the Supreme Court and the original judgement. And I proved that the case law can just conceded before enacting the Civil Law, which was legislated on February 22, 1958 and enacted from 1960, but not under the principles in the current Civil Law and the Registration of Real Estate Act. 1959. 12. 31.까지 우리나라에 시행된 일본 「민법」 제176조는 부동산 물권변동에 관해 의사주의 원칙을 규정하고 있지만, 1958. 2. 22. 제정되어 1960. 1. 1.부터 시행되고 있는 우리 「민법」은 그 원칙을 형식주의로 변경했다. 이러한 우리 「민법」의 물권변동 원칙에 의하면 어떤 자가 타인의 부동산을 매수하는 계약을 체결한 다음 매매대금을 모두 지급했다고 하더라도 「부동산등기법」에 따른 소유권이전등기를 경료하지 않으면 그 매수인은 그 부동산에 관한 소유권을 취득할 수 없고, 「부동산등기법」에 규정되어 있는 공동신청주의 원칙에 의하면 그 소유권이전등기는 매도인(등기의무자)과 매수인(등기권리자)이 공동으로 신청해야 한다. 따라서 부동산 매도인이 적법･유효한 등기신청을 하지 않았는데도 매수인 앞으로 소유권이전등기가 경료되었다면 그 등기는 무효고, 매수인은 그 등기가 공시하는 소유권을 취득할 수 없다고 해야 한다. 그런데도 대법원은 ‘위조된 등기신청서에 의해 경료된 소유권이전등기라고 하더라도 그것이 실체관계에 부합하면 유효하다’고 하는 판례 법리를 형성･유지하고 있고, 다수의 학설도 이를 지지･동조하고 있다. 이에 필자는 판례 법리를 형성하고 있는 대법원 판결들의 요지를 소개하고, 그 판결들 중 학설에 의해 가장 많이 원용되고 있는 주요판결 3개와 그 원심판결들을 분석･검토한 다음 위와 같은 판례 법리는 일본 「민법」이 시행될 당시에 부동산 소유권을 취득한 자가 1965. 12. 31. 이전에 소유권이전등기를 단독으로 경료한 사안에 대해 인정할 수 있는 여지가 있을 뿐 우리 「민법」과 「부동산등기법」의 법원칙 아래에서는 인정할 여지가 없다는 점을 논증했다.

좌골부 및 전자부 욕창의 재건을 위한 후대퇴근막 피판술

문구현,방사익 충북대학교 의학연구소 2001 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.11 No.2

연구목적: 욕창은 장기적으로 반복되는 압박으로 인해 피부 및 연부조직에 생긴 괴사를 말하며 이는 주로 골 돌출부 주위에 잘 발생한다. 이러한 욕창은 교통사고 및 산업재해의 증가로 척추손상 및 지체마비 환자가 늘어나고 집중 치료를 요하는 의식불명, 만성병증의 환자수가 증가하면서 그 발생 빈도도 증가 하고 있다. 그리고 욕창은 천골부, 대전자부 및 좌골부 등에서 호발한다. 추후에 보행이 가능한 환자의 경우 근피판보다는 근육을 보존할 수 있는 근막피판을 사용하는 것이 수술 후 보행에 더 도움을 줄 수가 있다. 그러므로 기존에 수술적 치료를 시행한 환자의 경우나, 욕창의 크기가 큰 경우, 추후에 보행이 가능한 환자에게 있어서 사용할 수 있는 술식의 유용성을 확인하고자 했다. 대상 및 방법 : 1999년 9월부터 2000년 8월까지 본원에 입원 중이던 6 례의 전자부 욕창과 5례의 좌골부 욕창을 가진 남자환자 7명, 여자환자 4명을 대상으로 하였으며, 원인별로 볼 때는 하반신 마비가 가장 많았다. 하둔부동맥 및 대퇴 심동맥의 제 1, 2 심부관통동맥으로부터 혈액공급을 받는 후대퇴근막피판을 작성한 후 피판을 전위하는 방법을 사용하였다. 결과: 피부 괴사등의 합병증 없이 모른 예에서 결손 부위을 막을 수가 있었으며 적당한 연부조직을 함께 전위 시켜줌으로 해서 추적관찰 기간 동안 욕창의 재발을 방지 할 수 있었으며 보행이 가능한 환자에 있어서도 보행에 문제가 없었다. 결론: 하둔부동맥 및 대퇴 심동맥의 제 1, 2 심부관통동맥으로부터 혈액 공급을 받는 후대퇴근막피판술은 수술이 쉽고, 출혈이 비교적 적으며 수술시간이 짧고, 피판 공여부의 봉합이 쉬우며, 보행 가능한 환자에서는 하지 근육의 기능을 보존할 수 있고, 만약 욕창이 재발 시 피판을 재거상 하여 전진시킴으로서 치료가 가능하며, 근육의 손상을 주지 않으므로 재발시 다른 수술 적 방법을 고려할 수 있는 여러가지 장점이 있는 술식이라 판단된다. Purpose : Pressure sore is an area of ischemic tissue loss resulting from prolonged or often repeated pressure, usually over a bony prominence of body. There has been recent reports describing superior durability of fasciocutaneous flap in sore reconstruction over musculocutaneous flap. Contrary to common musculocutaneous flap using gluteus & harmstring muscle, posterior fasciocutaneous flap does not incorporate any muscle, making it useful especially in ambulatory patients. Material and Methods : From September 1999 to October 2000 we have used posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap for coverage of six trochanteric sores and five ischial sores. Posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap is perfused by first & second profunda femoris perforating arteries. Results: All the patients recovered without any serious complications. Three cases developed minimal hematoma but it was corrected by simple evacuation. During the follow up period none of the patients were recurred and for those patients who were able to walk, there was no problem in walking. Conclusion : Posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap has several advantages. It is easier to elevate, less operation time, less hematoma formation, good donor site morbidity and making possible to preserve the muscle component.

이동 통신망에서의 혼합형 위치 갱신 방법의 성능분석

이구연 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

In this paper, we focus on a question. Which is better between time-based location update method and movement-based location update method? Or. does any other method combining the two methods show better performance? For the question, we propose a hybrid location update scheme, which integrates the time-based and the movement-based methods. In the proposed scheme, a mobile terminal updates its location after n cell boundary crossing and a time interval of T, or the inverse. We derive an analytical solution for the performance of the hybrid scheme with exponential cell resident time. From the numerical analysis, we conclude that the movement-based method seems to have better performance than the time-based and hybrid methods, that is the optimal costs occur at T=O.

최소 평균 페이징 지연을 위한 최적의 페이징 그룹 수에 관한 연구

이구연 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.B

We present a numerical analysis of the optimal group number for minimizing the average paging delay. In the analysis, we consider uniform distributions for location probability conditions and apply M/D/I queueing model to paging massage queues of cells. We also get the lower bounds of group numbers and investigate the minimum transmission capacity under average paging delay constraints. Minimizing the average paging delay is important because it means minimizing the amount of bandwidth used for locating mobile terminals. Therefore, the numerical results of this paper will be very useful in PCS system when designing its signalling capacity due to its simplicity and effectiveness.

보안 멀티캐스트 환경에서 그룹키의 Rekey Interval 할당에 관한 연구

이구연 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2002 정보통신논문지 Vol.6 No.-

In this paper, we investigate a rekey mechanism for secure multicast group communications and relate the mechanism to the loss of information from group key exposal. We also combine cost for the information loss and cost for group key updates and then derive the optimal rekey interval. Using the results of the analysis in this paper, we can manage a secure multicast group efficiently with the minimal cost on the bases of the number of group members, each member's security level and withdrawal rates.