Early-stage node negative cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma show similar survival outcomes after hysterectomy: a population-based study

San-Gang Wu,Jia-Yuan Sun,Zhen-Yu He,Qiong-Hua Chen,Juan Zhou 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.6

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and outcomes between node-negative, early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) after hysterectomy. Methods: Patients diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I–IIA cervical SCC and AC between 1988 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We used propensity score-matching to balance patient baseline characteristics. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for prognostic analyses of cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 9,858 patients were identified, comprising 6,117 patients (62.1%) and 3,741 (37.9%) patients with cervical SCC and AC, respectively. Compared with cervical SCC, cervical AC cases were more likely to be younger, diagnosed after 2000, white, and have well-differentiated and FIGO stage IB1 disease. For SCC and AC, the 10-year CSS rates were 93.4% and 94.7%, respectively (p=0.011), and the 10-year OS rates were 89.6% and 92.2%, respectively (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, ethnicity, tumor grade, and FIGO stage were independent prognostic factors of CSS and OS, but that histologic subtype was not associated with CSS and OS. In the propensity score-matched patient population, univariate and multivariate analyses also showed that histologic subtype was not associated with survival outcomes. Conclusion: Cervical AC has equivalent survival to cervical SCC in node-negative, early-stage disease after hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy.

Comparison of various methods for monitoring influenza viruses in wild bird fecal sample

Gang-San Kim,Tae-sik Kim,Joo-Sung Son,VanDamLai,Seung?Jun Wang,In-Pil Mo 한국가금학회 2018 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2018 No.10

Improvement of organochlorine pesticides analysis method using tandem cleanup method

Gang-San Lee,Sang-min Kim,Il-Gyu Kim,Young-Sun Do,In-Young Chung,Kwang-Seol Seok 한국분석과학회 2017 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

Using the Lymph Node Ratio to Evaluate the Prognosis of Stage II/III Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Mastectomy

San-Gang Wu,Qun-Li Zeng,Juan Zhou,Jia-Yuan Sun,Fengyan Li,Qin Lin,Huan-Xin Lin,Xun-Xing Gaun,Zhen-Yu He 대한암학회 2015 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.47 No.4

Purpose This study was conducted to investigate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) instage II/III breast cancer patients who undergo mastectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and MethodsClinical and pathological data describing stage II/III breast cancer patients were includedin this retrospective study. The primary outcomes were locoregional recurrence-free survival(LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overallsurvival (OS). ResultsAmong 277 patients, there were 43 ypN0, 64 ypN1, 89 ypN2, and 81 ypN3 cases. Additionally, there were 43, 57, 92 and 85 cases in the LNR 0, 0.01-0.20, 0.21-0.65, and> 0.65 groups, respectively. The median follow-up was 49.5 months. Univariate analysisshowed that both ypN stage and LNR were prognostic factors of LRFS, DMFS, DFS, and OS(p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that LNR was an independent prognostic factor ofLRFS, DMFS, DFS, and OS (p < 0.05), while ypN stage had no effect on prognosis (p > 0.05). ConclusionThe integrated use of LNR and ypN may be suitable for evaluation the prognosis of stageII/III breast cancer patients who undergo mastectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Atmospheric speciated mercury concentrations on an island between China and Korea: sources and transport pathways

Lee, Gang-San,Kim, Pyung-Rae,Han, Young-Ji,Holsen, Thomas M.,Seo, Yong-Seok,Yi, Seung-Muk Copernicus GmbH 2016 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.16 No.6

<P>Abstract. As a global pollutant, mercury (Hg) is of particular concern in East Asia, where anthropogenic emissions are the largest. In this study, speciated Hg concentrations were measured on Yongheung Island, the westernmost island in Korea, located between China and the Korean mainland to identify the importance of local and regional Hg sources. Various tools including correlations with other pollutants, conditional probability function, and back-trajectory-based analysis consistently indicated that Korean sources were important for gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) whereas, for total gaseous mercury (TGM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM), regional transport was also important. A trajectory cluster based approach, considering both Hg concentration and the fraction of time each cluster was impacting the site, was developed to quantify the effect of Korean sources and out-of-Korean sources. This analysis suggests that contributions from out-of-Korean sources were similar to Korean sources for TGM whereas Korean sources contributed slightly more to the concentration variations of GOM and PBM compared to out-of-Korean sources. The ratio of GOM/PBM decreased when the site was impacted by regional transport, suggesting that this ratio may be a useful tool for identifying the relative significance of local sources vs. regional transport. The secondary formation of PBM through gas-particle partitioning with GOM was found to be important at low temperatures and high relative humidity. </P>

낮은 시간 복잡도를 위한 변형된 극부호 연속 제거 리스트 복호법

김강산(Gang-San Kim),김인선(Inseon Kim),송홍엽(Hong-Yeop Song) 한국통신학회 2016 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.6

Clinical usefulness of fixation of absorbable implants with cyanoacrylate in comminuted fractures of the maxilla

Ju, Gang San,Son, Kyung Min,Choi, Woo Young,Cheon, Ji Seon Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2019 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.20 No.4

Background: The open reduction of craniofacial bone fractures requires internal fixation using metal plates and screws, which have been considered the gold standard. However, metal implants pose a risk of palpation, protrusion, and foreign body reaction, and they may require an additional operation for removal. Recently, good results have been reported for absorbable implants which complement the disadvantages of metal implants. This study presents the results of using absorbable mesh, plates, and screws with cyanoacrylate for more accurate and firmer fixation of comminuted fractures of the maxilla. Methods: In total, 235 patients underwent operations for comminuted fractures of the maxilla. From January 2012 to December 2014, absorbable mesh and screws were used in 114 patients, while from January 2015 to December 2017, absorbable mesh, plates, and screws with cyanoacrylate were used in 121 patients. Open reduction of the bone fragments was performed, after which absorbable implants were accurately molded and fixed by screws. Results: All patients underwent postoperative computed tomography scans, which showed highly accurate reduction and firm fixation in the patients who underwent procedures using absorbable implants, screws, and cyanoacrylate. There were no postoperative complications or cases of abnormal facial contour. Conclusion: When absorbable implants and screws are used for maxillary fractures, no additional surgery to remove the metal plate is required. In addition, the use of cyanoacrylate enables accurate and firm fixation of the tiny bone fragments that cannot be fixed with screws.

수출산업협력의 효과성 증대를 위한 제도개선 연구

이강산(Gang-San Lee),정순조(Sun-Jo Jeong) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.7

방위사업청은 정책적 효과성과 대표성을 고려하여 ‘절충교역(Offset)’ 용어를 ‘산업협력’으로 변경할 예정이다. ‘절충교역(산업협력)’이란 국외로부터 무기체계를 획득할 시 계약상대방(국외업체)으로부터 선진화된 기술을 이전받거나 무기체계의 구성품 또는 부품 등을 국외업체에 수출하는 등의 조건부 교역을 일컫는다. ‘산업협력’과 상반되는 개념인 ‘수출산업협력’은 국내 기업이 국외에 무기체계를 수출할 시 계약상대국에 기술을 이전해 주거나, 국외업체로부터 무기체계의 구성품 또는 부품 등을 수입해야 하는 제도이다. 수출산업협력을 수행하는 방산업체를 지원할 수 있는 「방위산업 발전 및 지원에 관한 법률」 제16조(수출산업협력 지원)의 주요 내용을 요약하면 ▲국방과학기술의 이전지원, ▲국가 간의 가치상계, ▲제삼자 대신 이행에 대한 가치상계로 나눌 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 「방위산업 발전 및 지원에 관한 법률」에 따라 수출산업협력 업무 수행 시 상호 이해관계자의 자국 이익 추구 또는 제도의 차이로 인해 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 식별하였다. 또한, 이에 대해 산업협력 적용 비율 상향 및 가치 승수를 조정하는 등 제도·정책적 보완에 대한 발전방안을 제시하겠다. The Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) is planning to change the term "offset to "Industrial cooperation" to consider policy effectiveness and representativeness. "Industrial cooperation" is conditional trade when acquiring a weapon system from abroad, such as transferring advanced technology from the foreign contracting party or exporting components or parts of the weapon system to foreign companies. Export-industrial cooperation is a concept contrary to industrial cooperation. When a domestic company exports a weapon system abroad, it is a system in which technology must be transferred to the contracting partner country, or components or parts of the domestic weapon system must be imported from a foreign company. This paper summarizes the main contents of Article 16 (Support for Export Industry Cooperation) of the "Defense Industry Development and Support law", which can support defense companies carrying out export industry cooperation: ▲ support for the transfer of defense science and technology, ▲value offset between countries, and ▲ Implementation offset on behalf of third parties. In this paper, in accordance with the Defense Industry Development and Support law, problems that may arise due to differences in systems or pursuit of profit when performing export industry cooperation were identified. In addition, this paper proposes a plan for institutional/policy supplementation, such as increasing the application rate of industrial cooperation and adjusting the value multiplier.

古代 이름에 대한 考察

김강산(Kim, Gang-san) 아시아강원민속학회 2018 아시아강원민속 Vol.30 No.-

고대의 국명(國名), 지명(地名), 인명(人名) 등이 현재까지도 전해지고 있으나, 그 뜻을 모른 채 사용하고 있다. 특히 당시에 문자(文字)가 없었기에 중국의 한자를 빌려 뜻으로 변형시키거나, 소리 나는 데로 표기(表記)하였다. 신라(新羅)의 설총(薛聰)은 이두문(吏讀文)을 만들어 한자를 빌어 우리말을 표기하고자 하였다. 중국과 우리는 언어체계가 다르다. 우리나라와 일본, 그리고 몽골 등은 언어체계가 비슷하나, 중국은 오히려 영어권과 흡사하다. 고대 우리나라는 고유의 언어체계가 있었을 것이고, 한자를 빌려 표기하였을 것이다. 그리고 우리의 언어체계를 모르는 중국인들은 자의적(自意的)으로 뜻을 부여하거나 또는 원래의 뜻과 다르게 표기하였다. 그것이 현재에 전해지고 있다. 이 글은 고대 국가 이름이나 땅 이름, 사람의 이름에 숨은 뜻을 밝혀 우리말의 본래 어원(語源)을 찾고자 시작하였다. 우리의 조상들은 태양숭배(太陽崇拜)사상이 있어서 나라이름이나 인명(人名), 지명(地名) 등에 ‘해’를 넣기를 좋아했다. 해는 만물의 생장(生長)에 필수적인 존재이고 온 세상을 밝게 비추어 어두움을 사라지게 하므로 진작부터 종교적 대상이 되었다. 그러므로 고대(古代)로 올라갈수록 ‘해’는 종교적 숭배의 대상이 되었고 권위의 상징이 되었다. 특히 지형적으로 해가 뜨는 동쪽에 위치한 우리나라를 감안하면 ‘해’를 나라의 상징으로 삼고 지명이나 사람 이름에 ‘해’를 넣은 것은 어쩌면 자연스런 현상일 것이다. The names of ancient countries, regions, and persons are known to date, but are used without knowledge of their meaning. Particularly, Chinese letters were adopted and altered in a way suited for the meaning in Korean language or written as they sounded because Korea did not have characters at that time. Seolchong of Silla created Idu character, a writing system that represented the Korean language using the Chinese letters. Korea has the linguistic system different from that of China. Korean, Japanese, and Mongolian languages have similar system, but Chinese linguistic system is rather similar to that of English. Ancient Korea might have its own language system and would have adopted Chinese characters. And the Chinese who did not know the Korean language system assigned the meaning of each word arbitrarily or write the characters differently from the original meaning. It has been passed down to the present. This study was intended to examine the original etymology of Korean language by finding the hidden meaning of names of ancient country, land, and people. Our ancestors liked to add the sun to the name of the country, region, and person as they worshipped the sun. The sun is essential for the growth of all things and brings light to whole world to dispel darkness, and therefore has been the subject of religion since long before. Thus, sun became the subject of religious worship and a symbol of authority in ancient times. Considering that Korea is located in the east where the sun rises topographically, it may be natural for Koreans to use "the sun" as the symbol of the country and insert the "sun" in the names of regions or people.

1923년 관동대학살을 둘러싼 쟁점과 과제

김강산(Kim Gang San) 역사비평사 2023 역사비평 Vol.- No.145