Synthesis and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity of diarylamides and diarylureas possessing 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives

Gamal El-Din, M.M.,El-Gamal, M.I.,Abdel-Maksoud, M.S.,Yoo, K.H.,Oh, C.H. Pergamon Press 2015 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters Vol.25 No.8

A series of diarylamides and diarylureas possessing 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold was designed and synthesized. Their in vitro antiproliferative activities were tested against a panel of 58 cell lines of nine different cancer types at the NCI, and compared with Sorafenib as a reference compound. Most of the compounds showed strong and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activities. The diarylurea compound 2g possessing 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl terminal moiety showed the highest mean % inhibition value of about 100% over the 58-cell line panel at 10μM concentration. Also compounds 2h, 2l, 2m exhibited mean % inhibition over 90% at 10μM concentration. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of compound 2b over SNB-75 CNS cancer cell line was 0.65μM. Compound 2h also exerted submicromolar IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 0.67, 0.80, and 0.87μM against PC-3 prostate cancer cell line, HCT-116 colon cancer cell line, and ACHN renal cancer cell line, respectively. Compound 2h showed comparable efficacy to Sorafenib.

Interactive effect of indole-3-acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate on the growth and fatty acid content of some microalgae for biodiesel production

Salama, El-Sayed,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Chang, Soon Woong,Lee, Sang-hun,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Yang, Il-Seung,Kurade, Mayur B.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Kim, Do-Hyeon,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Sunjoon Elsevier 2017 Journal of cleaner production Vol.168 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Enhancement of microalgal growth and fatty acid production is essential for development of a microalgae-based biodiesel production platform. Three different microalgal species (<I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> GU732418, <I>Ourococcus multisporus</I> GU732424 and <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> FR751187) were individually cultivated in media containing both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DAH) at concentrations of 10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M. Combined phytohormones (10<SUP>−8</SUP> to 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M) increased the growth of all three species compared to growth in media without phytohormones. IAA and DAH supported the maximum growth of <I>S</I>. <I>obliquusi</I> (38.12 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−8</SUP> M, <I>O</I>. <I>multisporus</I> (85.89 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−6</SUP> M, and <I>C. vulgaris</I> (4.09 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M. Addition of 10<SUP>−7</SUP> M IAA and DAH also assisted the removal of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> (97%), K<SUP>+</SUP> (88%) and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> (99%) from the media by <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I>. The highest removal of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP>, and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> by <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I> was achieved at 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M IAA and DAH. Under all experimental conditions (10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M IAA and DAH) the amounts of poly-unsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid were the major fatty acids, accounting for 11.75–21.55%, 2.55–6.73%, and 52.93–75.89% of the total fatty acid content, respectively. The fatty acids that accumulated in <I>O</I>. <I>multisporus</I> and <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I> were found to be suitable for production of high quality biodiesel with characteristics equivalent to crop seed oil-derived biodiesel.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> IAA and DAH in the range of 10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−5</SUP> M enhanced the growth of algae. </LI> <LI> PUFAs was increased by growth in medium containing both IAA and DAH. </LI> <LI> Accumulated fatty acids in algae are suitable for production of high quality biodiesel. </LI> </UL> </P>

Synthesis and Characterization of some Hippurato Rare Earth Metal Complexes

M.S. Refat*,S.M. Teleb,S.A. Sadeek,H.M. Khater,S.M. El-Megharbel 대한화학회 2005 대한화학회지 Vol.49 No.3

희토류 원소들은 마뇨산(HL)과, ML3·nH2O(M=La(III), n=4; M=Ce(III), n=7; M=Sm(III), n=8; HL= hippuric acid) 라는 일반식으로 표현될 수 있는 화합물들을 생성한다. 생성된 고체 화합물들의 특성이 원소분석, IR, 1H NMR, 전자 스펙트라, 그리고 열중량 분석을 통해 조사되었다. 리간드와 금속 이온들간의 배위 형태도 결정되었다.

Some Topologies Induced by b-open Sets

El-Monsef, M.E. Abd,El-Atik, A.A.,El-Sharkasy, M.M. Department of Mathematics 2005 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.45 No.4

The class of b-open sets in the sense of $Andrijevi{\acute{c}}$ ([3]), was discussed by El-Atik ([9]) under the name of ${\gamma}-open$ sets. This class is closed under arbitrary union. The aim of this paper is to use ${\Lambda}-sets$ and ${\vee}-sets$ due to Maki ([15]) some topologies are constructed with the concept of b-open sets. $b-{\Lambda}-sets,\;b-{\vee}-sets$ are the basic concepts introduced and investigated. Moreover, several types of near continuous function based on $b-{\Lambda}-sets,\;b-{\vee}-sets$ are constructed and studied.

MgAl2O4-reinforced c-ZrO2 ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering

El-Amir Ahmed A. M.,Li Shufeng,Abdelgawad Mahmoud,Ewais Emad M. M. 한국세라믹학회 2021 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.58 No.5

c-zirconia ceramic composites have been synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique from commercial m-ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and waste-derived magnesium aluminate spinel (MA) powders. In this study, eff ect of MA addition on stabilization and reinforcement of 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was carefully investigated. Spark plasma sintering of designed powder mixtures at 1400 °C for 30 min and 40 MPa produce fully dense compacts with an average grain size of 0.5–10 μm. The pressure was gradually increased up to 40 MPa using argon gas and was kept until the end of the sintering process. The refi ned microstructure (0.5–10 μm) obtained in this study has achieved superior compaction resistance values that are ten times more than strength values of conventionally sintered specimens. Such improvement in compaction resistance of the sintered specimens was attributed to particle size refi nement and grain boundary enhancement. What’s more, spark-plasma sintered composites containing 10–50 wt% MA revealed higher resistance to low temperature degradation (LTD) than the reference composite that doesn’t contain MA spinel; where about ~ 2.8% of t-ZrO 2 was converted into m-ZrO 2 in case of the latter composite while aging test didn’t infl uence at all on the structure of the former composites. The outcomes indicated that MA has a signifi cant eff ect on m-ZrO 2 stabilization into a cubic phase structure that concurrently owned an enhanced and comparable compression resistance to Yttrium-doped t-ZrO 2 (Y-TZP). In this respect, the ternary oxide ceramic composite systems prepared in this study present huge potential for development c-ZrO 2 -based industrial ceramics with a wide spectrum of mechanical characteristics for high-tech engineering applications of harsh-stress and humid environments.

Electron Impact Ionization Mass Spectra of 3-Substituted-2-hydroxy-4(3H)-quinazolinones

El Deen, I.M.,Abd El Fattah, M.E. Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.4

3-Amino-2-hydroxy-4(3H)-quinazolinone (3) was prepared via condensation of 1 with hydrazine hydrate. Treatment of 3 with appropriate acid in $POCl_3$, ethyl chloroacetate and activated olefinic compounds in DMF yielded the corresponding 3-(substituted)amino-2-hydroxy-4(3H)-quinazolinones 4, 5 and 6. The electron impact ionization mass spectra of compounds 3 and 4 show a weak molecular ion peak and a base peak of m/z 146 resulting from a cleavage fragmentation. The compounds 5 and 6 give a characteristic fragmentation pattern with a very stable fragment of benzopyrazolone (m/z 132).

Characterization of the Heavy Metals Contaminating the River Nile at El-Giza Governorate, Egypt and Their Relative Bioaccumulations in Tilapia nilotica

Ashraf M. Morgan,Ho-Chul Shin,A.M. Abd El Aty 한국독성학회 2008 Toxicological Research Vol.24 No.4

This study was carried out to measure the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu) in water and Bolti fish (Tilapia nilotica) samples collected from Rasheed branch of River Nile, north of El-Giza Governorate, Egypt by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The investigated districts through which the branch passes include El-Manashi, Gezzaya, El Katta, Abo Ghaleb and Wardan. Based on WHO and FAO safety reference standards, the results of the current study showed that water and fish tissues were found to contain heavy metals at significantly variable concentration levels among the investigated districts. They were polluted with respect to all the metals tested at Gezzaya district. However, the levels of analyzed metals in water and fish tissues were found lower than legal limits in other districts. The heavy metals showed differential bioaccumulation in fish tissues of the different districts as the accumulation pattern (as total heavy metal residues) was district dependant as follow: Gezzaya >Wardan > El Katta > Abo Ghaleb > El Manashi.

The Inhibition of C-steel Corrosion in H₃PO₄ Solution by Some Furfural Hydrazone Derivatives

Fouda, A.S.,Badr, G.E.,El-Haddad, M.N. Korean Chemical Society 2008 대한화학회지 Vol.52 No.2

H3SO4(M: 몰농도) 용액에서 탄소강의 부식방지제로 Furfural hydrazone 유도체의 효과를 질량손실법 및 정전류극성법을 사용해 연구하였다. 이들 유도체 존재하에서 탄소강의 부식속도가 급격히 감소함을 관찰하였다. 이 연구로부터 부식방지효율은 부식방지제 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였고 I와 SCN을 첨가하면 부식방지효율은 더욱 증가되었다. 질량손실법을 사용해 5×10-6 M의 유도체가 있을 때와 없을 때 30-60oC 사이에서 탄소강 부식에 미치는 온도 효과를 보았다. 부식과정에 대한 활성화에너지(Ea*)와 다른 열역학적 변수들을 계산하였고 이들에 대해 논의하였다. 정전류극성법을 통해 유도체들이 혼합형 방지제로 작용함을 알았고 외부전류를 흘려주었을 때 음극은 더욱 분극되었다. 3M H3SO4 용액에서 탄소강 표면에 이들 유도체들의 흡착은 Frumkin의 흡착등온을 따랐다. 이들 유도체들의 화학구조를 통해 부식방지 메커니즘을 설명하였다. effect of some furfural hydrazone derivatives (I -V) as corrosion inhibitors for C-steel in 3M H3PO4 solution in which M indicates mol/l has been studied using weight-loss and galvanostatic polarization techniques. A significant decrease in the corrosion rate of C-steel was observed in the presence of the investigated compounds. This study revealed that, the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the inhibitor concentration, and the addition of iodide and thiocynate ions enhances it to a considerable extent. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of C-steel was studied in the range from 30-60oC with and without 510-6 M investigated compounds using weight-loss method. Apparent activation corrosion energy (Ea*) and other thermodynamic parameters for the corrosion process were calculated and discussed. The polarization measurements show that the investigated compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors, but the cathode is more polarized when an external current was applied. The adsorption of these compounds on the surface of C-steel in 3M H3PO4 obeys Frumkins adsorption isotherm. The mechanism of inhibition was discussed in the light of the chemical structure of the investigated compounds.

Optimization of Water Pipe Network and Formulation of Pumping Rate

Medhat M. H. El-Zahar,Mohamed M. M. Amin 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.7

Minimizing water delivery costs and increasing water supply dependability are the two keyobjectives in designing and operating of water distribution systems. An analytical solution forthe best pipe diameters of a water distribution pipe network was created in this study. The rawwater was collected from a water canal and transported to a treatment plant (WTP). Thecleansed water was pushed into the water distribution network via the pumping station. Thederivative approach was used in the optimization process, and the cost functions incorporating thevarious capital and operating expenses were used. The initial diameters were adjusted toreach the least-cost diameters. The study shows that the optimum design of a pipe network(PNW) achieves saving a total cost of about 12.3% after utilizing our unique method. Theoptimal pumping rate in the PNW can also be determined using an analytical approach thatconsiders the optimum value that occurs when the minor and friction losses in the entirenetwork are at their lowest. The analytical solution for the optimum pumping rate shows arigid value of optimum pumping rate (Qopt) which is 5296.32 m3/day. On comparativeestimates, this figure is very close to that of 5,300 m3/day interpreted from the graphicalsolution, with negligible deviation. The total cost and optimum pumping rate results for theanalyzed PNW example demonstrate the correctness of the analytical solutions, reliability, anddependability of the assumptions.

Effect of magnesia rich spinel on densification and stabilization behavior of monoclinic zirconia

Abdelgawad Mahmoud,El-Gamal S. M. A.,Ewais Emad M. M.,Li Shufeng 한국세라믹학회 2021 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.58 No.3

Fully cubic-stabilized zirconia ceramic composites have been successfully fabricated by conventional sintering technique using commercial monoclinic zirconia, Yttrium oxide and waste-derived magnesia-rich spinel (MMA) powder mixtures. In this study, eff ect of MMA content and sintering temperature on stabilization and densifi cation properties of zirconia has been duly considered. The obtained results showed that m-ZrO 2 in MMA-free Z0 reference specimen is partially stabilized upon temperature rising into tetragonal phase by Y 3+ ions diff usion inside zirconia structure. MMA-free Z0 reference specimen sintered at 1600 ºC showed m- and t-ZrO 2 dual-phase structure with a relative density of 80.2%. Unlike, upon rising the sintering temperature, Z10–Z50 composites containing 10–50 wt% MMA demonstrated higher relative density of more than 99% and showed variant behavior, where their m-ZrO 2 is transformed and stabilized into cubic form by diff usion of Y 3+ , Mg 2+ and Al 3+ ions inside zirconia lattice structure. The outcomes indicate that MMA has significantly improved both the densification and stabilization behavior of m-ZrO 2 through facilitating Y 3+ diff usion inside zirconia lattice structure.