복합레진 수복 시 재접착 술식이 미세누출에 미치는 영향

이미애,서덕규,손호현,조병훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.3

복합레진 수복시, 일반적으로 연마, 산부식, 수세 및 건조 단계를 거쳐 저점도 레진을 적용하는 재접착 술식을 통해 예상되는 수축간극을 봉쇄한다. 그러나, 이 과정은 재접착제 적용 이전에 물이나 잔사가 간극을 매워버릴 수 있어 그 효과가 의심된다. 본 실험에서는 연마 단계 이전, 즉 복합레진을 중합한 직후에 재접착제를 도포한다면 변연누출을 더 줄일 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 검증하고자 하였다. 실험을 위해 35개의 발거한 대구치에서 협면과 설면에 교합면 변연은 법랑질에, 치은측 변연은 상아질에 위치하는 5급 와동을 형성하였다. 와동은 Z250 (3M ESPE, USA)로 충전하였고, 접착제로는 AdperTM Single Bond 2(3M ESPE)을 사용하였다. 재접착제로는 Biscover LV (Bisco, USA) 레진 전색제와 ScotchBond Multi-purpose system(3M ESPE)의 접착제, 및 점도가 낮은 실험용 접착제를 연마 전 또는 일련의 연마 및 산부식 후 수복물의 변연에 적용하였다. 2% 메틸렌 블루 용액에 네 시간 동안 침적한 뒤 교합측 및 치은측 변연에서의 색소 침투 깊이를 광학 입체 현미경으로 측정하였다. 재접착제의 점도와 변연미세누출의 상관관계도 평가하였다. 재접착 술식, 재접착제, 및 변연의 위치, 그 각각에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. 그러나, 재접착 술식을 시행하지 않은 대조군의 경우에는 세 가지 재접착제를 사용한 재접착군에 비해 치은측 변연에서 미세누출이 통계적으로 유의하게 크게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 대조군과 재접착군의 미세누출의 차이는 교합측 변연에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 연마 및 산부식 후 치은변연에 재접착제를 적용한 경우에서 약한 음의 상관관계(r = -0.326, p = 0.041)를 보인 경우를 제외하고는, 재접착제의 점도와 미세누출은 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. During a composite resin restoration, an anticipating contraction gap is usually tried to seal with low-viscosity resin after successive polishing, etching, rinsing and drying steps, which as a whole is called rebonding procedure. However, the gap might already have been filled with water or debris before applying the sealing resin. We hypothesized that microleakage would decrease if the rebonding agent was applied before the polishing step, i.e., immediately after curing composite resin. On the buccal and lingual surfaces of 35 extracted human molar teeth, class V cavities were prepared withthe occlusal margin in enamel and the gingival margin in dentin. They were restored with a hybrid composite resin Z250 (3M ESPE, USA) using an adhesive AdperTM Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE). As rebonding agents, BisCover LV (Bisco, USA), ScotchBond Multi-Purpose adhesive (3M ESPE) and an experimental adhesive were applied on the restoration margins before polishing step or after successive polishing and etching steps. The infiltration depth of 2% methylene blue into the margin was measured using an optical stereomicroscope. The correlation between viscosity of rebonding agents and mciroleakage was also evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in the microleakage within the rebonding procedures, within the rebonding agents, and within the margins. However, when the restorations were not rebonded, the microleakage at gingival margin was significantly higher than those groups rebonded with 3 agents (p < 0.05). The difference was not observed at the occlusal margin. No significant correlation was found between viscosity of rebonding agents and microleakage, except very weak correlation in case of rebonding after polishing and etching at gingival margin (r = -0.326, p = 0.041).

불활성 기체에 대한 열역학적 실험식

김재덕,여미순,이윤우,노경호 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1

Halon 대체 소화제로 쓰이는 불활성 기체 중 Ar, N₂, CO₂의 단일 성분일 때의 물성(포화압력, 밀도, 점도)에 관한 실험식을 구하였다. 문헌에서 얻은 실험값을 이용하여 다항식 등의 회귀분석에 의해서 실험식을 얻었다. 포화압력은 온도에 대하여 각각 2차와 3차의 실험식으로 표시하였다. 밀도는 Ar, N₂는 온도에 대한 1차 함수로 표시하였고, CO₂는 온도에 대하여 각각 2차와 3차의 실험식으로 표시하였다. 점도는 온도에 대한 지수함수로 표시하였다. 이들 실험식을 이용하여 단일 성분일 때의 상태를 알 수 있다. Inert gases, Ar, N₂, CO₂, as a Halon alternative, the empirical equations were correlated in terms of saturated pressure, density and viscosity. They were obtained by regression analysis from the experimental data in the literature. The empirical equations of saturated pressure were expressed as the second and third order function of temperature. The empirical equation for Ar and N₂ of density were expressed as the first order function of temperature. And CO₂ was expressed as the second and third order function of temperature. The empirical equation of viscosity was formulated as a power function with temperature. This empirical equations would allow us to predict pure component state.

불활성 기체 혼합물의 물성에 관한 열역학적 실험식

김재덕,여미순,이윤우,노경호 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2

대체 소화제로 사용되는 불활성 기체 중 Ar, N₂, CO₂에 대한 혼합물에서의 물성(포화압력, 밀도, 점도)에 관한 실험식을 구하였다. Mixing rule에 의해 계산한 값을 이용하여 다항식 등의 회귀분석에 의해서 실험식을 얻었다. 포화압력은 온도에 대하여 1차 실험식으로 표시하였다. 압축인자와 포화압력을 이용하여 온도에 대한 밀도에 관한 실험식을 제시하였다. 점도는 온도에 대한 지수함수로 표시하였다. Ar, N₂, CO₂ 혼합물의 조성이 40/50/10(mol. %)에서 열역학적 실험식을 구하였다. For the inert gases of Ar, N² and CO², the empirical equations of the gas mixture were correlated in terms of saturated pressure, density and viscosity. They were obtained by regression analysis based on the mixing rule. The empirical equation of saturated pressure was assumed as the first order function of temperature. The empirical form of density was expressed as compressibility factor and saturated pressure while the empirical equation of viscosity was formulated as a power function of temperature. This empirical equations of the physical properties were obtained in the composition of Ar, N² and CO², 40/50/10 (mol. %).

과학 교육에서 STS 수업모형의 적용효과에 대한 메타 분석

정미진,윤기순,권덕기 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2008 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.32 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 STS 과학교육에 대한 국내 연구의 동향을 분석하고 메타분석을 통해 STS 수업모형의 적용효과를 평가하는데 있다. 연구대상 논문은 1991년부터 2006년까지 출판된 석사학위 논문 104편과 과학교육 저널에 출판된 논문 78편을 포함한 총 180편이었다. STS 수업 모형의 효과 평가에 총 56편이 선정되었다. STS 수업 모형 적용 효과의 평균효과크기는 0.40이었다. 이 결과는 STS 수업은 학생들의 과학에 대한 태도, 과학 학업 성취도, 탐구능력, 환경에 대한 태도 및 환경에 대한 지식을 향상시키는데 전통적인 수업보다 긍정적인 효과가 있었음을 의미한다. STS 수업은 환경에 대한 태도의 증진에 가장 큰 평균효과 크기를 나타내었다. 그러므로, STS 수업에서 가장 좋은 효과를 얻기 위해서는 이러한 결과들을 반영하는 것이 필요할 것이다. 향후 STS 교육에 대한 전반적인 평가를 하기 위해서는 STS 수업 모형의 효과와 과학-기술-사회의 상호관계에 대한 교사와 학생들의 이해에 대한 연구 결과를 종합하는 것이 필요하다. The purposes of this study were to analyze the domestic research trend of the STS Education and to evaluate the application effects of STS teaching model by using Meta-analysis. The selected research articles were 180 articles including 104 of the master’s theses and 76 of science education journal articles published from 1991 to 2006. For the evaluation of the effects of STS teaching and learning model, 56 articles were selected finally. The mean effect size of the application effects of STS teaching and learning was 0.40. The result indicated that STS teaching had more positive effects than the traditional teaching on enhancing student's attitude for science, academic achievement in science, inquiry ability, attitude for environment and knowledge for environment. Especially, it had shown the most positive effects on improvement in the attitude for environment. Therefore, it might be better to reflect these results for the best effect of STS teaching. To assess STS education on the whole, it is necessary to synthesize the effects of STS teaching and learning model and the results of the study on teachers’ and students’ understanding about the interrelation of science, technology and society.

兒童의 認知眺望과 感精眺望 發達에 관한 硏究

羅德美,申柾浩 大韓神經精神醫學會 1984 신경정신의학 Vol.23 No.2

Recent studies on children's ability of social cognition revealed that it develops earlier than expected in the previous studies. Accordingly, perspective-taking ability which enables children to infer the other's viewpoint is regarded to develop rather earlier than thought to be. In this study, the authors designed to find out the relationship between children's age and the development of both the affective perspective and cognitive one with the method modified from the study by Tae-Lyon Kim and Jung-Oh Kim. Six pictures with relevant stories were presented respectively to seventy five male and seventy five female who were kindergartenens, first and third graders respectively, and the responses were analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. Younger the age, more affective perspective was taken, and older the age, more cognitive perspective was taken. 2. Especially, regarding affective perspective, the child who takes more affective perspective upon one figure usually tends to take more affective perspectives upon the others. 3. The differences between male and female children in these perspective taking were not apparent in this study.

인공피혁의 세탁에 따른 물리적 특성 및 열ㆍ수분 전달 특성 변화 : 환경온ㆍ습도의 변화를 중심으로

안유미,류덕환 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1999 科學論集 Vol.25 No.-

Ten kinds of polyurethane coated artificial leathers, which are emerging rapidly as new fabrics after development of the waterproof and water vapor permeable technique, were used as specimens at this study. Five kinds of specimens with the waterproof and water vapor permeable function and the other five kinds of specimens with only the waterproof were tested at various conditions(environmental temperature : 12℃, 15℃, 18℃, 21℃, 24℃, relative humidity : 45%, 55%). Through hot plate heat transfer test and skin simulating system test the properties of heat and moisture transfer before and after washing were observed. The results of this study are as followings ; 1. When the ground structure was knit rather than fabric, the weight increased with increasing thickness because the degree of yarn freedom was high and the shrinkage was large. 2. In hot plate heat transfer test the change of heat transfer properties by the change of environmental temperatures before and after washing did not have a special tendency at both 45% R.H. and 55% R.H. but the heat transfer decreased as the environmental temperature was high. This trend was more apparent after washing than before washing. The reason is that the convection becomes more active due to the remarkable difference of temperature between hot plate and environmental air. 3. CLO values of specimens of B group with only the waterproof function showed wider fluctuations, comparing to those of A group with the water vapor permeable function had stable CLO values. When the significant difference of CLO values among all of the specimens, A group and B group at each environmental temperature was examined before and after washing in hot plate heat transfer test and skin simulating test for moisture transfer, the significant difference was found out at P<0.05. 4. Through hot plate heat transfer test and skin simulating system test the moisture transfer at 55% R.H. before and after washing was superior to that at 45% RH. And the moisture transfer was active as the environmental temperature was high. Besides, the moisture transfer at A group was easier than that at B group because A group had enough water vapor permeable voids. 5. The change of contact angle as a parameter determining the waterproof and water vapor permeable function decreased considerably after washing. Especially, the decreasing rate of A group with the water vapor permeable function was larger than that of B group.

혈액투석환자의 혈액투석 관련지식과 환자역할행위 이행과의 관계

나덕미,이강오,송은숙 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.3

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the knowledge of hemodialysis and the compliance of patient role behavior in hemodialysis patients. This study was descriptive correlational study. Data were collected by questionnaire from 122 hemodialysis patients. Data were collected by questionnaire from 122 hemodialysis patients. In knowledge about hemodialysis, there were significant difference in age, education level, marital status, paying for the treatment and number of oral medication. In compliance of patient role behavior, there were significant difference in age, education level and paying for the treatment. The correlation between knowledge about hemodialysis and compliance of patient role behavior was statistically significant (r=.354, p=0.000). It is proved the research hypothesis, that is, 'statistically difference in the knowledge of hemodialysis and the compliance of patient role behaviour'. Based upon these findings, it was relevant that the knowledge of hemodialysis itself can promote the compliance of patient role behaviour in hemodialysis patients who are characterized by long time period treatment. As a result, it is very important to increase patients' knowledge of hemodialysis by learning in order to get a great treatment efficiency in case of hemodialysis patients.

산욕기 초산모의 영아돌보기 지식과 자신감과의 관계 연구

나덕미,오미영,이강오 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.1

Bakground and Objective : This study was to identify the relationship between primiparas’ degree of knowledge and self-confidence for caring the baby during puerperium. Materials and Method : The subjects were 115 primiparas’ 4 weeks after birth in Kwangju. The data was collected through the use of questionnaire from Aug 16th to Sept. 10th, 1999. The instruments used for this study were knowledge for caring the baby revised by Kim and primiparas’ self-confidence by Pharis’ self-confidence scale translated by Lee. The data was analyzed by percentage, means, SD, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient with the SAS program. Results : 1. The mean score of degree for the knowledge for caring the baby was 39.07(SD±6.01). 2. The degree of self-confidence score for caring the baby ranged from 32 to 61 and the mean was 43.87. 3. There was significant correlation between knowledge and self-confidence for caring the baby(r=0.27, P=0.00). Conclulsion : There was significant correlation between knowledge and self-confidence for caring the baby. So, suggest that developed educational program for primipara’s infant caregiving needs.

일간지 가정생활 관련 기사에 대한 내용분석 : With special reference to Kwangju & Chonnam daily newspapers 광주·전남일보를 중심으로

한경미,홍은실,황덕순 全南大學校家政科學硏究所 1993 生活科學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

This study analyzed the contents of articles related on family lifes in Kwangju and Chonnam daily newspapers during the last year. In this study, articles were classified by the theme categories, publishing company, season, nature of messages, and academic diagnosis(nature). Through the results of this study we can understand what were major issues and concerns related family life lately, and that they suggested to take in Home Economics as a practical science. According to references on classification of home economics and a caption or content of articles the identified 890 articles were categorized into nine theme categories : family ethics, work and time, consumer, household economy, family(including child), housing, clothing, dietary food, health and hygiene. The results show that the numbers of each theme category were ranked as follows : (1) consumer(164) (2) dietary food(154) (3) family(136) (4) housing (129) (5) health and hygiene(84) (6) household economy(79) (7) clothing(65) (8) work and time(47) (9) family ethics(28) As for the subcategories of each theme category, in family ethics area articles related to ethic, consciousness, attitude, and value were reported the most frequently. In work and time, lost of articles related to leisure and service. In consumer, most of articles related to consumer information about goods & service. In household economy, many articles related to financial(banking) information. In family, child-related articles. In clothing, dress design and aesthetics. In dietary food, food purchase and management. In health and hygiene, articles about causes and symptoms of various disease and medical treatment were treated more frequently. According to publishing companies, Kwangju ilbo took more than Chonnam ilbo, but there was no great differences between the two. Also there was no great difference among frequency of articles by four season, but in winter articles on family lifes were written more frequently and in summer, the least. The numbers of informative articles were more than that of directive articles. In the side of the academic nature of message source, the numbers of non-academic articles were much more than that of academic articles.

중년여성의 강인성, 스트레스와 사회적 지지에 관한 연구

김미희,오현이,나덕미 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.1

This study was designed to identify the relationship between hardiness, stress and social support of middle-aged women. The subjects were 139 women between 40 and 64 years of age. Data were collected by questionnaire from September 6 to 27, 1994. The instruments used for this study were the Health Related Hardiness Scale by Pollock, the Perceived Stress Scale by Cohen and the Social Support Questionnaire by Norbeck. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows : 1. There was no significant correlation between hardiness and stress (r= .076, p= .19). 2. There was no significant correlation between social support and stress (r= - .084, p= .16). 3. There was no significant correlation between hardiness and social support(r= - .107, p=.21). 4. The middle aged women’s control differed according to their frequency of delivery(F=2.80, p= .04) and marital status (F=3.89, p= .01). 5. The middle aged women's perceived stress differed according to their marital satisfaction (F=4.95, p= .00) 6. The middle aged women’s social support differed according to their marital satisfaction (F=2.60, p= .04) and monthly income (F=2.63, p= .03).<참고문헌참조 actuate="onRequest" inline="true" rid="ref1" show="replace" xml:link="simple">[1]</참고문헌참조>