酒酊依存 患者에서 末梢神經炎의 電氣生理學的 硏究

田珍淑,韓昊成 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

알코올성 신경염은 주정의존 환자의 약 34%에서 발생한다고 알려졌으며, 그 원인으로서는 알코올의 직접적인 독작용, 비타민 결핍, 영양결핍 등이 제시되고 있다. 저자들은 임상증상이 없이 검사상 나타나는 신경염의 이환이 어느 정도이며, 병인의 가능성이 높은 요인은 무엇인지 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 주정의존으로 입원한 환자(N=47)에서 상지와 하지의 운동신경과 감각신경 및 근육에 대해 신경전도검사(이하 NCV) 및 근전도검사(이하 EMG)를 시행하고, 정상 대조군(N=17)에 대한 검사 결과와 비교하였으며, 여러 변인과의 상관성을 검토하였다. 1) 주정의존 환자 47명중 알코올성신경염의 임상증상을 지닌 환자는 8명(17.0%)이었으며, 신경전도검사 및 근전도검사상 34명(72.3%)에서 신경염의 소견을 보였다. 2) 주정의존 환자의 운동신경에 대한 NCV검사에서 대조군보다 환자군의 비골(peroneal) 신경의 진폭이 유의하게 감소되었고(p<0.01), 전도속도는 정중(median)신경(p<0.005) 과 척골 및 비골신경(각각 p<0.05)에서 유의하게 감소되었으며, 원위잠복기는 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 주정의존 환자의 감각신경에 대한 NCV검사에서 진폭은 척골신경(p<0.0005)과 비복(sural) 신경(p<0.05)에서 유의하게 감소되었고, 전도속도는 정중신경(p<0.05)에서 유의하게 감소되었으며, 원위잠복기는 척골신경(p<0.005)에서 유의하게 지연되었다. 4) H-반사는 환자군에서 측정한 42명중 30명(71.4%)에서 이상소견(무반응)을 보였다. 5) 근전도검사상 47명중 15명(31.9%)에서 이상소견(휴식시 fibrillation potentials 및 / 또는 positive sharp waves, 작동시 motor unit action potential 수의 감소 및 하지근의 작동에 대한 polyphasic potential 증가)을 보였다. 6) 연령, 음주기간, 주정의존의 정도, 우울증의 심도, 인지기능장애, 간기능, 빈혈 및 혈중 folic acid치, 지질대사 등은 알코올성신경염과 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 임상증상은 없으나 전기생리학적 검사상 발견되는 준임상적 알코올성신경염의 빈도가 예상 외로 높으며, 전기생리학적 검사소견은 축삭변성(axonal degeneration)의 가능성을 높이 시사하고 있어서 그 원인으로서 알코올의 직접적인 신경독작용을 고려해 볼 수 있다. The alcoholic neuropathies developed in approximately 34% of chronic alcoholics. Direct neurotoxic effect of alcohol, vitamin deficiencies and nutritional deficiencies were suggested to be the major causes of alcoholic neuropathies. The aims of this study were to identify the prevalence of subclinical peripheral neuropathies in alcohol dependence, and to speculate on the underlying mechanism of alcoholic neuropathies. The nerve conduction velocity(NCV) and electromyography(EMG) were tested for the male alcoholics(N=47) and normal controls(N=17), and the variables which might after the test result of NCV and EMG were discussed. 1) While 8(17.0%) out of 47 alcoholics clinically had neuropathies, the NCV and EMG detected signs of peripheral neuropathies in 34(72.3%) alcoholics. 2) On the motor NCV in alcoholics, the amplitude of peroneal nerve was significantly lowered(p<0.01). The conduction velocities were significantly reduced in the median(p<0.005), ulnar and peroneal(p<0.05 respectively) nerves. There was no significant differences in the distal latency comparing with control group. 3) On the sensory NCV in alcoholics, the amplitude was significantly lowered in ulnar(p<0.0005) and sural(p<0.05) nerves. The conduction velocities were significantly reduced in median nerve(p<0.05). The distal latencies were significantly delayed in ulnar nerve(p<0.005). 4) The H-reflex was absent in 30 alcoholics(71.4%) among 42 alcoholics. 5) On the EMG, such abnormal findings as the fibrillation potentials and/or positive sharp waves in rest, and the decreased numbers of motor unit action potentials and increased polyphasic potentials in volition of limb muscles were found in 15(31.9%) out of 47 alcoholics. 6) The alcoholic neuropathies were not correlated with variables like age, duration of alcohol drinking, severity of alcohol dependence, cognitive deficit, hepatic dysfunction, anemia and serum folic acid and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, the prevalence of subclinical neuropathies in alcoholics seemed to be much higher beyond expectation. The electrophysiological studies highly suggested that the cause of neuropathies was the direct neurotoxic effect of alcohol that might exert axonal degeneration.

자기목표설정을 통한 수업이 고교생의 배구 기능 향상에 미치는 영향

정도상,최천호 창원대학교 체육과학연구소 2003 경남 체육연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 자기목표설정을 통한 수업이 고교생의 배구 기능 향상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 규명하여 고등학교 체육교과의 교수 · 학습 방법을 개선 발전시키는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 거창 S고등학교 1학년 47명을 대상으로 배구의 토스와 서어브에 대한 수업 전 · 후 두 집단간에 나타난 학습효과를 비교 · 분석하기 위해서 t-test를 실시하였고, 수업 전 · 후 집단내에 나타난 학습효과를 비교 분석하기 위해서 paired t-test를 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 체육수업에 대한 자기목표설정에 관한 설문 결과 실험반과 비교반 모두 평소 체육 수업에 있어서 자기목표설정이 이루어지지 않고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 배구 토스에 대한 동일집단의 수업 전 · 후 양적 · 질적평가에서는 실험반과 비교반 모두 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 실험집단의 증가폭이 비교집단의 증가폭보다 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났다. 실험집단간 수업 전 실험반과 비교반의 양적 · 질적평가 비교에서는 두 집단간에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 수업 후에는 양적평가에서 실험반이 비교반 보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 배구 서어브에 대한 동일집단의 수업 전 · 후의 양적 · 질적평가에서는 실험반과 비교반 모두 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 실험집단의 증가폭이 비교집단의 증가폭보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 실험집단간 수업 전 · 후 실험반과 비교반의 양적 · 질적평가 비교에서는 두 집단간에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 실험집단의 양적, 질적 평가 결과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 자기목표설정을 통한 수업은 실업계 고등학생들의 배구 기능 향상에 효율적인 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 질적인 면보다는 양적인 면에서 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 자기목표설정을 통한 수업은 학습자 스스로 달성목표의 향상을 위해 노력하고 수업에 적극적으로 참여함으로써 자기주도적인 문제해결 능력을 높이고 나아가 수업의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 적절한 학습방법인 것으로 여겨진다.

중국 연변지역 布爾哈通河의 수질특성 및 개선방안

임봉수,임상호,윤성일 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2001 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

This study was carried out to suggest the measures and to understand the characteristics of water quality in Buerhatong river within yanbian area, China. Suspended solids appeared high in rainfall season, but BOD and COD appeared lower than suspended solids. The yearly average water quality of all location in this river was less than BOD 2mg/L, less than COD 5mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen was over than 1mg/L in 1997, and was suitable to the class Ⅲ of environmental standard for the surface water. Because of domestic sewage and nightsoil exhausted at Yanji city without treatment system inflowed in this river Synthetical pollution index was calculated for the assessment of water quality, had a tendency to increase near to the downstream. The highest pollution allocation rate is 44% as suspended solids. To reform the deteroriorated river, the sewage wastewater treatment plants will be constructed at Myoungwoal Jin and Yanji city by 2010, respectively. Then COD discharge loading produced in this watershed will be decreased by about 43% of total loading.

Physiological Approach on the Physical Fitness and Postural Balance Effects of a Whole-Body Vertical Vibration Intervention in Young Women

Ho, Chao-Chung,Sung, Hyun-Ho,Chen, Ming-Shu Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science 2020 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.52 No.1

With the advent of westernized diet and a lack of exercise, young female college students are paying more attention to their bodyweight and health. Whole-body vibration has been demonstrated to be a suitable training method for improving knee extension maximal strength in young female athletes, as well as the gait performance in elderly women. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a vertical vibration intervention on the physical fitness and postural balance in young females. Fifty-four young women were recruited; all subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention group and control group. The intervention group underwent vertical vibration with a platform for 12 weeks. The results showed that body mass index and body fat percentage had decreased (P<0.05). In addition, their muscle endurance as indicated by a sit-up test and their flexibility as indicated by a sit-and-reach test were both increased. With regard to postural balance, their 30-second sit-to-stand and timed up and go test results were improved. At the same time, their mean single-leg stance with eyes closed time increased (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences, meanwhile, for the control group. Overall, the results showed that the whole body vibration (WBV) intervention had some beneficial effects on physical fitness and postural balance in young women.

The Potassium to Magnesium Ratio Enables the Prediction of Internal Browning Disorder during Cold Storage of Asian Pears

Ho-Jin Seo,Po-An Chen,Shu-Yen Lin,Jin-Ho Choi,Wol-Soo Kim,Tzu-Bin Haung,Su-Feng Roan,Iou-Zen Chen 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.4

‘Taichung No. 2’ is a new Asian pear cultivar developed in Taiwan with low chilling requirement; however, is likely to develop internal browning disorder under low temperature storage conditions. We investigated the impact of storage time on f lesh b rowning d isorder in p ears harvested f rom 22 orchards in 2 010 a nd 2 011, and analy zed the levels o f nutrients in different fruit parts such as the peel, flesh, and core. Calcium and potassium contents were higher in the flesh and peel, respectively, of more severely browned fruits, whereas a lower magnesium content was recorded in the peel and core of these fruits. Nitrogen and potassium contents in the peel, and calcium content in the flesh were positively correlated with browning disorder severity. By contrast, the magnesium content in the core was negatively correlated with browning disorder severity. However, the nutrient contents in fruits varied between the two sampling years considered. Only the K/Mg ratio was an effective predictor of the browning disorder severity and showed a positive linear correlation in the two years. We recommend that the K/Mg ratio should be lower than 10 to avoid severe browning disorder in pears.

Stabilization and improved functionality of three-dimensional perfusable microvascular networks in microfluidic devices under macromolecular crowding

Ho-Ying Wan,Jack Chun Hin Chen,Qinru Xiao,Christy Wingtung Wong,Boguang Yang,Benjamin Cao,Rocky S. Tuan,Susan K. Nilsson,Yi-Ping Ho,Michael Raghunath,Roger D. Kamm,Anna Blocki 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Background There is great interest to engineer in vitro models that allow the study of complex biological processes of the microvasculature with high spatiotemporal resolution. Microfluidic systems are currently used to engineer microvasculature in vitro, which consists of perfusable microvascular networks (MVNs). These are formed through spontaneous vasculogenesis and exhibit the closest resemblance to physiological microvasculature. Unfortunately, under standard culture conditions and in the absence of co-culture with auxiliary cells as well as protease inhibitors, pure MVNs suffer from a short-lived stability. Methods Herein, we introduce a strategy for stabilization of MVNs through macromolecular crowding (MMC) based on a previously established mixture of Ficoll macromolecules. The biophysical principle of MMC is based on macromolecules occupying space, thus increasing the effective concentration of other components and thereby accelerating various biological processes, such as extracellular matrix deposition. We thus hypothesized that MMC will promote the accumulation of vascular ECM (basement membrane) components and lead to a stabilization of MVN with improved functionality. Results MMC promoted the enrichment of cellular junctions and basement membrane components, while reducing cellular contractility. The resulting advantageous balance of adhesive forces over cellular tension resulted in a significant stabilization of MVNs over time, as well as improved vascular barrier function, closely resembling that of in vivo microvasculature. Conclusion Application of MMC to MVNs in microfluidic devices provides a reliable, flexible and versatile approach to stabilize engineered microvessels under simulated physiological conditions.

The Investigation and Evaluation of Pear Scion Cultivars from the Top-grafting Cultivation System in Taiwan

Ho-Jin Seo,Iou-Zen Chen,Su-Feng Roan,Janghoon Song,Kyeong-Bok Ma,Kyung Ho Won,Sang-Jin Yang,Sam-Seok Kang 한국원예학회 2019 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2019 No.10

The Throughput Order of Multicast Traffics with Physical-Layer Network Coding in Random Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Chen, Chen,Bai, Lin,He, Jianhua,Xiang, Haige,Choi, Jin-Ho The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.3

This paper attempts to address the effectiveness of physical-layer network coding (PNC) on the throughput improvement for multi-hop multicast in random wireless ad hoc networks (WAHNs). We prove that the per session throughput order with PNC is tightly bounded as ${\Theta}((n\sqrt{m}R(n))^{-1})$ if $m=(R^{-2}(n))$, where n is the total number of nodes, R(n) is the communication range, and m is the number of destinations for each multicast session. We also show that per-session throughput order with PNC is tight bounded as ${\Theta}(n^{-1})$, when $m={\Omega}(R^{-2}(n))$. The results of this paper imply that PNC cannot improve the throughput order of multicast in random WAHNs, which is different from the intuition that PNC may improve the throughput order as it allows simultaneous signal access and combination.

The Effect of CdS QDs Structure on the InGaP/GaAs/Ge Triple Junction Solar Cell Efficiency

Chen-Chen Chung,Binh Tinh Tran,Hau-Vei Han,Yen-Teng Ho,Hung-Wei Yu,Kung-Liang Lin,Hong-Quan Nguyen,Peichen Yu,Hao-Chung Kuo,Edward Yi Chang 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.2

This work describes optical and electrical characteristics of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction (T-J) solar cells with CdS quantum dots (QDs) fabricated by a novel chemical solution. With the anti-reflective feature at long wavelength and down-conversion at UV regime, the CdS quantum dot effectively enhance the overall power conversion efficiency more than that of a traditional GaAs-based device. Experimental results indicate that CdS quantum dot can enhance the short-circuit current by 0.33 mA/cm2, which is observed for the triple-junction solar cells with CdS QDs of about 3.5 nm in diameter. Moreover, the solar cell conversion efficiency is improved from 28.3% to 29.0% under one-sun AM 1.5 global illumination I-V measurement.

Effect of the Circle-Grid Electrodes on Concentrated GaAs Solar Cell Efficiency

Chen-Chen Chung,Binh Tinh Tran,Ming-Hung Han,Kung-Liang Lin,Hung-Wei Yu,Yen-Teng Ho,Chun-Yen Chang,Edward Yi Chang 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.5

In this study, we investigate the effect of the shading factor of the front grid pattern on concentrated solar cell efficiency, taking the trade-off between the series resistance of the electrodes and the amount of incident light into consideration. We examine the thermal effect with regard to five different circle-grid electrode patterns of the front contact. The front contacts with different grid patterns affect the characteristics of light-concentratedtype GaAs single-junction solar cells. The device parameters analyzed include the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF) and conversion efficiency (η). The results of our study show that for a concentration ratio greater than 60x with AM1.5G, the device with a shading factor of 7.1% has the best cell efficiency of 27.05%, due to the smaller current crowding at the center spot. The results indicate that the conversion efficiency of solar cells can be improved by establishing a compromise between the shading effect and the series resistance effect.