N₂/ CH₄가스비에 따른 Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Nitride 박막의 특성

장홍규(H. K. Jang),김근식(G. S. Kim),황보상우(S. W. Whangbo),이연승(Y. S. Lee),황정남(C. N. Whang),유영조(Y. Z. Yoo),김효근(H. G. Kim) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.3

DC saddle-field-plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition(PECVD) 장치를 이용하여 상온에서 p-type Si (100) 기판위에 hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride [a-C:H(N)]박막을 증착하였다. 원료가스인 CH₄과 N₂의 전체압력은 90 mTorr로 고정하고 N₂/CH₄비를 0에서 4까지 변화하면서 제작한 a-C:H(N) 박막의 미세 구조의 변화를 연구하였다. 진공조의 도달 진공도는 1×10^(-6) Torr이고, 본 실험시 CH₄+N₂가스의 유량은 5 sc㎝으로 고정하고 배기량을 조절하여 진공조의 가스 압력을 90 mTorr로 고정하였으며 기판에 200 V의 직류 bias 전압을 인가하였다. α-step과 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)를 이용한 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 0.5로 증가함에 따라 박막 두께는 4840 Å에서 2600 Å으로 급격히 감소하였으며, 박막내의 탄소에 대한 질소함유량(N/C비)는 N₂/CH₄비가 4일때 최대 0.25로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 XPS 스펙트럼의 fitting 결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가할수록 CN결합이 증가하였다. Fourier Transformation Infrared (FT-IR) 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가함에 따라 박막내의 C-H 결합은 감소하고, N-H, C≡N 결합은 증가하였다. Optical bandgap 측정 결 과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 4로 증가함에 따라 a-C:H(N)박막의 bandgap 에너지는 2.53 eV에서 2.3 eV로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. Hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride[a-C:H(N)] films were deposited on p-type Si(100) at room temperature with substrate bias voltage of 200 V by DC saddle-field plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Effects of the ratio of N₂to CH₄(N₂/CH₄), in the range of 0 and 4 on such properties as optical properties, microstucture, relative fraction of nitrogen and carbon, etc. of the films have been investigated. The thickness of the a-C:H(N) film was abruptly decreased with the addition of nitrogen, but at N₂/CH₄> 0.5, the thickness of the film gradually decreased with the increase of the N₂/CH₄. The ratio of N to C(N/C) of the films was saturated at 0.25 with the increase of N₂/CH₄. N-H, C≡N bonds of the films increased but C-H bond decreased with the increase of N₂/CH₄. Optical band gap energy of the film decreased from 2.53 eV deposited with pure methane to 2.3 eV at the ratio of N₂/CH₄=4.

A C1 inhibitor ortholog from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): Molecular perspectives of a central regulator in terms of its genomic arrangement, transcriptional profiles and anti-protease activities of recombinant peptide

Umasuthan, N.,Bathige, S.D.N.K.,Revathy, K.S.,Wickramaarachchi, W.D.N.,Wan, Q.,Whang, I.,Kim, E.,Park, M.A.,Park, H.C.,Lee, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science 2014 DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.42 No.2

C1 inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of serpin superfamily, is a crucial regulator of the activation of various plasmatic cascades associated with immunity and inflammation. This study describes the identification and characterization of a C1Inh gene from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfC1Inh) at structural, expressional and functional levels. The cDNA-(2245bp) and corresponding gDNA-sequences (5.2kbp) of OfC1Inh were isolated from rock bream transcriptome- and BAC-libraries, respectively. Predicted amino acid sequence of OfC1Inh revealed a two-domain architecture composed of an N-terminal region with two Ig-like domains and a C-terminal region with a serpin domain. Tertiary model of OfC1Inh disclosed its active site topology. In the multi-exonic genomic arrangement of OfC1Inh, it consisted of eleven exons disjoined by ten introns as observed in few other fish homologs. Our comparative analysis indicated that the teleostean C1Inhs were distinct from their non-teleostean vertebrate counterparts in terms of their (1) extended N-terminal domains, (2) evolutionary divergence and (3) exon-intron distribution. The OfC1Inh had a TATA-deficient promoter with a putative initiator element, and two tandemly arranged downstream promoter elements. Several components associated with the immune and inflammatory transcriptional activation were also predicted to exist in 5' flanking region of OfC1Inh. The exclusive mRNA levels in liver and moderate levels in extra-hepatic tissues intimated the diversified importance of OfC1Inh in rock bream physiology. We also provide an evidence for the involvement of OfC1Inh in immune balance, based on its modulated transcription upon different PAMP (lipopolysaccharide and poly I:C)- or pathogen (Streptococcus iniae and rock bream irido virus)-challenges. A recombinantly expressed fusion protein [(r)OfC1Inh] was employed in demonstrating the anti-protease function of OfC1Inh. The (r)OfC1Inh exhibited detectable inhibitory activity against C1 esterase and thrombin, where the anti-C1 esterase role was shown to be potentiated by heparin. Taken together, the results of this study provide the first line of evidence for the possible involvement of a teleostean C1Inh in fish immunity, based on its expressional response(s) and inhibitory properties against two enzymes involved in biological cascades.

Genomic characterization and expression analysis of complement component 9 in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus)

Wickramaarachchi, W.D.N.,Wan, Q.,Lee, Y.,Lim, B.S.,De Zoysa, M.,Oh, M.J.,Jung, S.J.,Kim, H.C.,Whang, I.,Lee, J. Academic Press 2012 Fish & Shellfish Immunology Vol.33 No.4

The complement component 9 (C9) is a single-chain glycoprotein that mediates formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) on the surface of target cells. Full-length C9 sequence was identified from a cDNA library of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), and its genomic sequence was obtained by screening and sequencing of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic DNA library of rock bream. The rock bream complement component 9 (Rb-C9) gene contains 11 exons and 10 introns and is composed of a 1782 bp complete open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polypeptide of 593 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that the Rb-C9 protein contains two thrombospondin type-1domains, a low-density lipoprotein receptor domain class A, a membrane attack complex & perforin (MACPF) domain, and an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Important putative transcription factor binding sites, including those for NF-κB, SP-1, C/EBP, AP-1 and OCT-1, were found in the 5' flanking region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close proximity of Rb-C9 with the orthologues in puffer fish, and Japanese flounder. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed that Rb-C9 was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues isolated from healthy rock bream, with highest expression occurring in liver. Pathogen challenge, including Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, lipopolysaccharide endotoxin and rock bream iridovirus led to up-regulation of Rb-C9 in liver but no change in peripheral blood cells. The observed response to bacterial and viral challenges and high degree of evolutionary relationship to respective orthologues, confirmed that Rb-C9 is an important immune gene, likely involved in the complement system lytic pathway of rock bream.

Ion scattering spectroscopy study of the Si(001)c(4x4)-C surface reconstruction

Park J. Y.,Chae K. H.,Choi D. S.,Kim J. Y.,Kim S. S.,Seo J. H.,Whang C. N. 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.3

Reconstructed Si(001)c(4 4)-C surface has been studied by coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy (CAICISS). When 100L ethylene (C2H4) was exposed on Si(001)-(2 1) surface at 700 C, Si(001) dimer structures were changed by induced carbon (C) atoms. The experimental CAICISS spectra and simulation results reveal that the reconstructed Si(001)c(4 4)-C surface shows good agreement with the missing dimer model, rather than the Si-C heterodimer model, and adsorbed C atoms in uence only the reconstructed vertical plane of Si(001) surface. On comparing the azimuthal-scan curves for 100L C/Si(001) with those for clean Si(001), it can be suggested that C atoms occupy the fourth subsurface layer of Si(001) directly below the HB (bridge) site. These results are new evidence supporting the previous studies based on the C incorporation into Si(001) surface with missing dimers and the substitution of the fourth Si layers.

Electronic Structure of C60 on Au Studied by Using X-ray and UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy

성준 강,이연진,C. Y. Kim,C. N. Whang 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.1

The electronic structure of C60 on Au was analyzed by using X-ray and ultraviolet (uv) photoelectron spectroscopy. The energy level alignment was studied by using the onset of the highest occupied molecular orbital level and the shift of the vacuum level of the C60 layer, which was deposited on a clean Au surface in a stepwise manner. The measured onset of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level was 1.7 eV from the Fermi level of Au. The vacuum level was shifted 0.54 eV toward higher binding energy with additional C60 layers, which means an interface dipole exists at the interface between C60 and Au. The C 1s spectra show that band bending exists at the interface between C60 and Au. These results indicate that the hole and the electron injection barrier heights are 1.2 eV and 1.4 eV relatively at the interface between C60 and Au.

A Study on the Symmetric and Antisymmetric Charge Transfer

Whang, C.N,Chin, W.B. 東國大學校 附設 材料科學硏究所 1981 材料科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구에서는 對稱 및 比對稱 電荷變換에 대한 Rapp와 Francis의 理論을 유효 이온화 에너지와 충격인자를 사용하여 개량하였으며, 理論式을 Perel 및 C.N. Whang의 실험결과와 비교해 본 결과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 대칭 전하 변환과정에서 임자이온의 에너지가 증가함에 따라 단면적이 감소하며, 비대칭 변환과정에서 임사이온의 속도가 증가함에 따라 단면적이 감소한다.

A Study on the Symmetric and Antisymmetric Charge Transfer

Whang,C.N.,Chin,W.B. 동국대학교 자연과학연구소 1981 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

本 硏究에서는 對稱 및 非對稱 電荷變換에 대한 Rapp와 Francis의 理論을 유효 이온화 에너지와 충격인자를 사용하여 개량하였으며, 理論式을 Perel및 C.N.Whang의 實驗結果와 비교해 본 결과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 대칭 전하 변환과정에서 입자이온의 에너지가 증가함에 따라 단면적이 감소하며, 비대칭 변환과정에서 입사이온의 속도가 증가함에 따라 단면적이 감소한다. A modified Rapp and Francis theory for the symmetric and antisymmetric charge transfer is developed, using an effective ionization potential and modified impact parameter. The theoretical values are in good agreement with experimental results. The σ? for Li?+Li decrease with incrasing Li? ion energy, and the non resonance σ? for Li+Cd shows the expected abilabatic increas with increasing velocity.

對稱 및 非對稱 電荷變換에 關한 硏究

황정남,진원배 동국대학교 재료과학연구소 1981 材料科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

本 硏究에서는 對稱 및 非對稱 電荷變換에 대한 Rapp와 Francis의 理論을 유효 이온화 에너지와 충격인자를 사용하여 개량하였으며, 理論式을 Perel 및 C.N. Whang의 實驗結果와 비교해 본 결과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 대칭 전하 변환과정에서 입자이온의 에너지가 증가함에 따라 단면적이 감소하며, 비대칭 변환과정에서 입사이온의 속도가 증가함에 따라 단면적이 감소한다. A modified Rapp and Francis theory for the symmetric and antisymmetric charge transfer is developed, using an effective ionization potential and modified impact parameter. The theoretical values are in good agreement with experimental results. The σ_10 for Li^++Li decrease with increasing Li^+ ion energy, and the non resonance σ_10 for Li^++Cd shows the expected abiabatic increase with increasing velocity.

Two carboxypeptidase counterparts from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): Molecular characterization, genomic arrangement and immune responses upon pathogenic stresses

Godahewa, G.I.,Wickramaarachchi, W.D.N.,Whang, I.,Bathige, S.D.N.K.,Lim, B.S.,Choi, C.Y.,De Zoysa, M.,Noh, J.K.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2014 Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Vol. No.

Carboxypeptidases (CPs) are proteases that hydrolyze C-terminal peptide bonds. They are involved in regulating the complement system of the immune system. Here, we report the molecular characterization and immune response of two carboxypeptidases, named carboxypeptidase A (Rb-CPA) and carboxypeptidase N1 (Rb-CPN1), from rock bream. The genomic sequence of Rb-CPA contains 12 exons interrupted by 11 introns, while the genomic sequence of Rb-CPN1 has 9 exons and 8 introns. The cDNA sequence of Rb-CPA encodes a 421-amino-acid (AA) polypeptide (48kDa), and the cDNA of Rb-CPN1 encodes a 448-AA polypeptide (51kDa). The amino acid sequences of Rb-CPA and Rb-CPN1 were found to harbor two characteristic Zn-binding signature domains and a peptidase-M14 Zn carboxypeptidase site. Pairwise analysis revealed that Rb-CPA and Rb-CPN1 had the highest identity with the corresponding proteins from Anoplopoma fimbria (87.6%) and Dicentrarchus labrax (96.9%), respectively. qPCR results indicated that Rb-CPA and Rb-CPN1 were constitutively expressed mainly in the kidney, heart, liver, and head kidney. Both genes were transcriptionally regulated in the liver upon challenge with pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus iniae, Edwardsiella tarda), rock bream iridovirus (RBIV), and the immune modulators polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, our findings suggest that Rb-CPA and Rb-CPN1 have immune-related functions in rock bream.

화상환자의 심리에 대한 연구 : -다면적 인성검사를 이용한 연구- -A Study whth MMPI-

이문성,홍성표,이민녕,안희창,최응옥,황오열 大韓成形外科學會 1988 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.15 No.2

The psychologic problems in burned patients are important as much as physical problems. So, we had studied 88 cases of MMPI in 47 burned patients from March, 1986 to Feb, 1987 at the Dept. of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital. We had classified them according to post burn period, cause of burn, percentage of burned area, site of burned area, and educational state of patient and had analysed them with statistical methods. The results of oour study are as follows; 1. The meaningful results in MMPI interpretation were noted in 68% of our series. 2. The psychiatric changes according to post-burn periods were significant. 3. There were also some differences in psychologic responces according to cause of burn, percentage & site of patient. So, We think we should be concerned about the psychiatric care in burned patients as well as the treatment of burn wounds.