불빛 자극의 속도와 결과지식의 정밀성이 일치 타이밍 과제의 수행에 미치는 영향

최범규 한국학교체육학회 2004 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 불빛 자극의 속도와 결과지식의 정밀성이 일치 타이밍 과제의 수행에 미치는 영향을 살펴 보는 것이였다. 본 연구의 대상은 12세 남자 어린이 90명이었고, 연구대상자들은 불빛 자극 이동 경로를 통해 제시되는 불빛 자극의 도착지점을 예상하고 동시에 버튼을 누르는 일치 타이밍 과제(Bassin Anticipation Runway)를 40회색 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 사전실험을 토대로 느린 속도(45cm/s), 중간 속도(224cm/s)와 빠른 속도(402cm/s)의 세 가지 불빛 자극의 속도 조건을 제시하였으며, 연구대상자들을 통제집단, 양적 KR집단과 질적 KR집단으로 구분하였다. 통제집단에게는 KR을 제공하지 않았으며, 양적 KR단에게는 사전실험에서 설정된 수행오차의 기준 ±60ms에 따라 "40ms 느리다", "130ms 빠르다"와 같은 결과지식을 제공하였고, 질적 KR집단에게는 "빠르다", "느리다"와 같은 형태의 결과지식을 제공하였다. 불빛 자극의 속도와 결과지식 형태에 따른 일치 타이밍 과제 수행의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 불빛 자극의 속도(3) × 결과지식 형데(3) 피험자내 반복측정 설계를 하였다. 각 속도 조건에서 수행한 일치 타이밍 과제의 수행오차를 독립적인 자료로 사용하여, SPSS 11.0의 반복측정 변량분석(ANOVA)과 이원변량분석(MANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구결과 불빛 자극의 속도와 결과지식의 형태가 일치 타이밍 과제의 수행에 미치는 주효과를 살펴본 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 사후검증 결과 420cm/s 속도조건에서 일치 타이밍 수행의 절대오차가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 질적 결과지식 집단의 수행오차가 양적 결과지식 집단보다 낮았다. 또한, 일치 타이밍 과제의 수행에 영향을 미치는 불빛 자극의 속도와 결과지식 형태의 상호작용 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 불빛 자극의 속도가 빠르고 질적 결과지식 정보를 제공 받을 때 일치 타이밍 과제의 수행오차가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of light stimulus speeds and precision of knowledge of results on the coincident timing task performance. The subjects were ninety 12-year-old. All participants were males and used right-hand. Subject were told that their task was to press button in a precise moment the last light on the runway was illuminated. The subject performed the coincident timing task one stimulus speeds under each of one type of KR. The stimulus speeds was 45cm/s, 224cm/s, 402cm/s, and the type of KR was no-KR, quantitative KR, qualitative KR. The qualitative KR presented in a qualitative way-"fast", "slow" and the quantitative KR presented in a quantitative way-"40ms fast", "80 slow". The apparatus was an Bassin Anticipation Timer. Timing error was calculated as the time difference between arrived the last light and pressed the button. The experimental session consisted of 30 trials. For each participant, absolute error were calculated. Dependent variables were analyzed in a 3 x 3 (KR x Speed) within-subjects repeated measures. The finding the experiment is that timing error was smaller in quantitative KR than in qualitative KR. Also, timing error decrease as the stimulus speed increase. Especially, coincident timing error was smaller when slow stimulus speed(45cm/s) was presented in the quantitative KR condition than the qualitative KR condition. Also, coincident timing error was smaller when the fast stimulus speed(402cm/s) was presented in the qualitative KR condition than when the quantitative KR condition.

우리나라 物價變動會計制度의 導入方案에 관한 硏究

朴範鎬,宋在萬,李勉榮,蔡奎學 홍익대학교 경영연구소 1985 경영연구 Vol.9 No.-

As accounting is an outgrowth of society, we can say that the accounting system of each country is derived from its economic situation and from the people's outlook no economic values. Thus when the economic situation of one country is different from that of another country, and the outlook of the people of one country is different from that of another country, they the accounting system for changing prices as well as general accounting systems may be different. Actually accounting systems of different countries are not identical. The writers of this paper try to find an accounting system for changing prices suitable to out country. The writers review various theories on accounting systems for changing prices, survey accounting systems of various countries and basic patterns of such systems, and in vestigate the actual conditions of our country in order to provide accounting information which reflects the effect of changing prices and to give a practicable accounting system. In this paper, the writers state their opinions about accounting systems for changing prices as follows: 1)The demand for the publication of accounting information about the effect of changing prices upon the financial status and operational result of a business is a world-wide trend. Considering that our industries are now aiming at opening a capital market, we should establich an accounting system for changing prices in order to follow the world-wide current. 2) As we intend to follow the world-wide current, to get useful accounting information, and to get a practicable accounting system, the most suitable system for us is the current value accounting system The current value accounting system mentioned here does not provide information supplementary to that of the financial statements based on the historical cost but it provides a substitute of the current value financial statements for those based on the historical cost. Financial statements based on current values are standard statements. 3) In our country, there are no active studies or discussions on the accounting systems for changing prices. We need to set up an organization entirely responsible for the establishment of a desirable accounting system for changing prices, responsible for the establishment of guidelines for putting the system to use, and responsible for the coordination of the interests of those concerned.

유사학과 조정 및 교양교과과정개편에 관한 연구

이종범,김규연,전지용,이춘의,홍석주 朝鮮大學校 1995 교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.-

非晶質 Silicon 薄膜의 製作 및 그 Doping 效果

최범식,김수길,고년규,황정남,정원모,이철주 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1982 學術論文集 Vol.9 No.-

SiH_4 기체에 PH_3 및 B_2H_6 기체를 0.7% 체적비로 혼합하여 rf glow 방전법으로 n형 및 p형 a-Si:H 박막을 기판온도 120℃에서 제작하여, 광투과도 측정, 열처리에 따른 전기 전도도의 변화 등을 조사하여 이들의 doping 효과를 연구하였다. n형, p형 및 undoped a-Si:H 박막의 optical gap은 각각 1.73eV, 1.86eV 및 1.86eV로 doping이 많이 이루어질수록 줄어 들었다. 250℃에서 열처리한 시료들의 상온에서의 전도도는 각각 2×10^-2Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-8Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-7Ω^-1㎝^-1이었고, 활성화 에너지 ??E는 각각 0.16eV, 0.49eV 및 0.48eV이었다. 300℃에서 열처리한 결과, ??E는 줄어 들고 전도도는 증가하였다. 350℃ 및 450℃에서 열처리한 결과 dehydrogenation 효과로 인하여 n형과 p형은 서로 상반되는 결과를 보였다. 즉, n형 시료의 전도도는 감소하고 ??E는 증가하였지만, P형 시료의 전도도는 증가하고 ??E는 감소하였다. 저온 영역에서 구한 n형 시료의 전도도로부터 hopping 활성화 에너지를 구한 결과 0.085eV이었다. Thin n-type and p-type a-Si:H films were prepared by rf glow discharge decomposition of silane mixed with 7×10^-3 parts per volume of phospine or diborane. All specimens were deposited on glass substrates held at 120℃. In order to determine the doping effects the opital absorption and dc conductivity of these specimens were measured after annealing at various temperatures. The optical gap was 1.73eV in the case of the n-type specimens, 1.80eV for the p-type, and 1.86eV undoped. This showed that the gap width decreased as the doping increased. The room temperatuer conductivities of these specimens annealed at 250℃ were 2×10^-2Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-8Ω^-1㎝^-1, and 5×10^-7Ω^-1㎝^-1, respectively, and the activation energies, ??E, of these specimens were 0.16eV, 0.49eV, and 0.48eV, respectively. For specimens annealed at 300℃, ??E decreased and the conductivity increased. When these specimens were annealed at 350℃ and 450℃, dehydrogenation caused opposite effects on the n-type and p-type specimens; the conductivities of n-type specimens decreased and ??E increased, but the conductivities of p-type specimens increased and ??E decreased.From an investigation of the temperature dependence of the conductivity of the n-type specimen in the low temperature region, we determined that the hopping activation energy was 0.085eV.

일치 타이밍 과제의 운동 정확성과 일관성

최범규 한국스포츠심리학회 2004 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구에서는 일치 타이밍 과제의 운동속도와 운동정확성 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 운동속도는 스윙범위와 불빛 이동 속도 조건으로 조절하였고, 운동정확성은 스윙과제 수행의 시간과 공간 오차(절대항상오차)를 통해 살펴보았다. 또한, 운동수행의 일관성은 시간과 공간 오차 점수를 이차원으로 하는 이원변량 가변오차(BVE)를 산출하여 분석하였다. 피험자는 오른손을 사용하는 5명의 남자 대학생이었고, 불빛 자극 이동경로를 따라 움직이는 불빛 자극의 도달지점에 맞춰 전완 수평 운동 측정기를 스윙하는 과제를 수행하였다. 스윙범위는 10도, 30도와 50도였고, 불빛 자극의 이동 속도는 89㎝/sec, 178㎝/sec, 268㎝/sec, 357㎝/sec와 447㎝/sec 5가지 속도로 제시되었다. 피험자들의 각 조건별 시행(50시행) 중 총 40시행(11~50시행)을 스윙 범위(3) × 불빛 이동 속도(5) MANOVA분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 스윙범위가 증가하고 불빛 자극의 이동 속도가 빨라지면서 공간 오차는 증가하였지만, 시간 오차와 이원변량 가변오차는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the space-time movement accuracy and consistency and the movement speed in a coincident timing task. This study was designed to measure the timing error in a horizontal dimention and the spatial error in a vertical dimension. The subjects were five right-handed student volunteers from the Seoul National University. The apparatus were an elbow angular displacement bar that allowed rotation about the horizontal and vertical plane and Bassin anticipation timer which was controlled in connection with the bar by computer. The starting position of the bar was in 10°, 30°, and 50° right side from the target and the target was located in the perpendicular direction from the right shoulder. Subjects were told that their task was to start the elbow angular displacement bar when the fifth light from the left on the Bassin stimulus runway come on and to pass through the target of the last light when the last light come on. Each subject took part in three range of motion(10°, 30°, 50°) and five different velocities of target light conditions. The finding of the experiment was that bivariate variable error(BVE) decreased as the movement speed increased by increasing range of motion or increasing the target light speed. Also, spatial error increased as the movement speed increased with the increment of range of motion. The results supported the speed-accuracy relation that the timing accuracy was reversely related with movement speed. However, the spatial accuracy was in accordance with the general explanation of speed-accuracy relation only in the aspect of range of motion rather than the general movement speed.

Horizontal Variation of Primary Productivity and Enviromental Factors in the Lake Soyang

김범철,조규송,안태석 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

소양호 일차생산력의 계절적 변화와 수평적 변이를 존사하기 위하여 Chlorophylla의 농도를 측정하고 Bannister의 model에 의해 일차생산력을 추산하였다. Bannister는 Smith의 P vs, I 관계식인 P=P_(max)I/(I_(k)^(2) + I^(2)^(1/2)을 변형하여 P=12Q_(max)K_(c)CI/ I^(2)^(1/2)과 같은 P vs. Chl. a의 관계식을 만들었다. 이 Model에 의해 추산된 소양호의 일차생산력을 보면 하류의 댐앞에서 연중 200∼2000mgC/㎡/day로서 봄에 가장 높고 여름과 겨울에 낮게 나타나는 계절적 변이를 보인다. 연간 생산량은 하류에서 약 250gC/㎡/yr로서 mestotrophic lake 수준인 것으로 판정된다. 상류에서 하류에 이르기까지 10여개의 정점에서 조사된 결과를 보면 수역에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 대체로 봄과 가을에 하천의 유입부 근처에서 높은 값을 보이며 10,000mgC/㎡/day이상에 이르기도 한다. 이는 이곳에 우점 식물플랑크톤인 Peridinium이 밀집하는 현상때문이다.

物價水準變動과 外貨換算

朴範鎬,蔡奎學 홍익대학교 경영연구소 1983 경영연구 Vol.7 No.-

신체활동이 정신지체아의 사회적응행동 발달에 미치는 효과

이규문,김창범,조경욱,박종진 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1999 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The present study was to investigate the effect of sport activities on adaptive bahavior in mentally retarded children; and to present some effective data for rehabilitation and education of the handicapped. After assigning 19 educable mentally retarded children to either experimental group(9 children) or control group(10 children), aquatic exercise treatment(60 min/day, 3 times/week) was administered for 12 weeks. Results were as follows. There were significant increases of personal self-sufficiency(p<.001), community self-sufficiency(p<.001) and personal-social responsibility(p<.001) and significant decrease of social adjustment(p<.001), but not in control group. It was found that sport activities had positive effect on adaptive behavior in obese mentally retarded children.

各級 學敎 學生들의 國家意識에 關한 硏究

李珪範,金均保,河在煥 釜山敎育大學 1973 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

Educating the students so as to have a strong, racial and national consciousness is one of the essential aims of Korean education. The purpose of this study is to analyze, compare, and evaluate the degree how far the abovementioned aim has been achieved at the schools of various level, in order to get some useful materials an and certain directions for the educational planning. In this study, the national consciousness has been defined as the individual's cognitive and affective intention toward his own nation. Especially it has been regarded as a characteristic of actions having an emotional colour, the essence of which is the collective feeling. In terms of the fore-going conception, the writer has examined the internal structure of the national consciousness and, having devised the necessary tools, has measured the national consciousness of the students at the schools of various level. The samples for the investigation have been collected from the schools of each level in the various part of th nation. The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows. (1) The students of schools of lower grade have been found to have relatively higher national consciousness than those of schools of higher grade have. (2) As a whole, the national consciousness of female students is higher than that of male students. (3) The students of humanity and social science fields have higher national consciousness than those of science and technology fields have. (4) Generally the students of lower grade have shown the more affirmative and optimistic attitude toward their nation than those of schools of higher grade have shown. The national consciousness of the students is relatively decreasing in its degree as they advance to the schools of upper grade, which means that some serious problems are hidden in the the education of this aspect. And this means that while the racial and national consciousness has been continuously emphasized as a fundamental ideology in our national education, it has failed to grow to become a part of the students' inner life as they advance in their grade. And it can be said that we must analyze the above mentioned phenomena to discover the underlying meanings and reasons of those problems and must find out the most adequate educationl programs and methods to meet those problems.

매복된 미맹출 영구치의 외과적 노출후 교정력을 이용한 치험례

김창범,양규호 大韓小兒齒科學會 1997 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

Impacted or unerupted permanent teeth have many problems in making a diagnosis and treatment plan in dental clinic. Ther are several methods to treat impacted teeth. The combination of surgical exposure and orthodontic traction is usually the treatment of choice in cases with impacted teeth. Two cases are reported, which were treated with surgical intervention and orthodontic movement. and one case is treated with orthodontic movement alone. To improve esthetic problem and maintain periodontal health, We should avoid loss of attached gingiva in surgical exposure, and excessive orthodontic force during the traction of the impacted tooth.