돈황 막고굴에 나타난 다보탑의 변천

조정식,김버들,조해현,김보람,Cho, Jeong-Sik,Kim, Bue-Dyel,Jo, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Bo-Ram 한국건축역사학회 2013 건축역사연구 Vol.22 No.5

This study aims to investigate the architectural characteristics of the Da-bo stupa by examining the correlation among architectural languages and by studying the features of its architectural components and transitional changes shown in Da-bo stupa line drawings in Dunhuang Mogao Grottes. The results are as follows. 1st, the Da-bo stupa of Dunhuang faithfully follows the sutra of lotus, and although the form changes, the fundamental essence of Bo-tap-yong-chul and two seated Buddhas provided by the Gyun-bo-tap-pum in the sutra of lotus is consistent. 2nd, the pagoda body can be periodically divided into parasol, stupa, and royal palace types. The parasol type has an incomplete tower body, which makes distinguishing each of its architectural components difficult. The stupa type appeared between the early (AD 618-712) and middle (AD 766-835) Tang dynasty. It combines the form of Indian stupa type and East Asian wood structural architecture. The royal palace type, which appeared between the peak period of the Tang (713-765) and Sung Dynasties, shows the standardized pattern of the Da-bo stupa described as two seated Buddhas and Bo-tap-yong-chul. 3rd, the use of a stylobate does not appear in the early construction of Da-bo stupa, only in the later period, in the form of high pillars. Forms include many Su-mi-jwah and three-way stairways and Dab-do, but as time passes, the forms are simplified to the form of high pillars. 4th, the purpose of early Da-bo stupa was to provide space for Da-bo-yu-rae of Gyun-bo-tap-pum; hence, it did not have sangryoon(the top part). However, after it was influenced by general pagodas, sangryoon was established. Toward the Tang Dynasty, sangryoon has come to emphasize the forms of boryoon(nine wheels) or dome. However, this form is eventually simplified to only retain bo-joo(the orb).

Acriflavine-Guanosine 복합제 (AG60)의 조직내 분포에 대한 형광현미경적 연구

고정식,임수재,안의태,김진국,김상건,이경영,강종구,홍은경,정영신,유보림,한영복 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.1

강구조 인장접합부의 블록전단 파단시 전단지체 효과에 관한 연구 : H형강, CT형강, 단일 ㄱ형강 중심으로 focused on the H-shape, CT-shape, L-shape

최문식,김보영 단국대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

To study on the shear lag effect in the block shear rupture of joints under tension force, in this report analyzed the research results on block shear rupture of H-shape. CT-shape and L-shape. When computing the block shear internal force in the joints under tension force, by comparing the block shear equations of the Limited State Design criteria. AISC(which do not include the shear lag) with Epstein's equations(which do), the results on the propriety of shear lag reduction coefficient are as follows. 1) Block shear equations of the LRFD(1993) of the AISC do not include the shear lag in the joints under tension force. In the study results, the professional factors of H-shape, CT-shape and L-shape are 1.07, 0.96 and 0.97. Therefore the results show that the block shear equations of the LRFD(1993) of the AISC are not appropriate. 2) In the LRFD(1993) of the AISC and the Limited State Design criteria, when real block shear rupture length and the smaller value of the two reduction coefficient are applied, CT-shape's and L-shape's professional factor is 1.04 and H-shape's is 1.17. Therefore, applying the reduction coefficient to the block shear equation under tension force is quite appropriate for the CT-shape and L-shape. For the H-shape, the results show that a little excessive but safe. 3) In the Adidam and Epstein's equation(1992), when real block shear rupture length and the larger value of the two reduction coefficient are applied, CT-shape's professional factor is 0.98, L-shape's is 1.03, and H-shape's is 1.07. Therefore, it is thought that applying the reduction coefficient is necessary in the block shear equation under tension force and it should be corrected when applying the U factor. 4) From the above results, when computing the block shear internal force, it is thought that reduction coefficient for the shear lag should be considered.

거지증의 치험례

한예식,김보현,이정윤,안희창 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.1

Macrodactyly is one of the rare congenital anomalies of the upper extrimity. Fastt found 19 cases among 1476 patients with congenital anomalies of the upperextrimity, an incidence of 0.9 percent. The index finger is most commonly invlove. Multiple digits are involved two to and the index-long fingers. The authors recently experienced one case of macrodactyly involving the thumb and index finger in 20 year old female patient. The patient was treated with finger shortening using multiple corrective step ostectomies with the preservation of joints. We present this case with a review fo the literature.

분묘로 본 매장 형태의 변화 : 영남 지역의 선사·고대 분묘를 대상으로

홍보식 동의대학교 인문과학연구소 2002 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.7 No.-

상수원수의 효과적인 정수처리를 위한 최적 응집제 주입량 결정 : Ⅲ. The Effect of Coagulant Aid Dose Ⅲ. 응집보조제 주입효과

손보균,허재선,조주식 順天大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the optimum amounts of coagulant for effective treatment of raw water. To avoid overdosing coagulants in case of low turbidity of raw water, the removal rate of turbidity and particle size distribution of flocs were investigated after addition of coagulant aids such as lime and coagulated sludges. When lime was used as a coagulant aid, the maximum removal rate of turbidity was found to be 93% by addition of 20ml/ℓ of lime in combination with 35mg/l polyaluminum chloride(PAC) as a coagulant. At the settling time of 8 min, more than 82% of suspended solids showed the particle size of less than 10㎛ and -7.4mV of zeta potential. It was found that increase in lime addition enhanced the removal efficiency of turbidity, but had no effect on reduction in lime addition enhanced the removal efficiency of turbidity, but had no effect on reduction in coagulant dosage. When coagulated sludges was employed as the aid, the maximum removal rate of turbidity was found to be 82% by addition of 20mg/l of the sludges in combination with 25mg/l PAC as a coagulant. At the settling time of 8 min, about 80% of suspended solids showed the particle size of less than 10um and +3.8mV of zeta potential. Zeta potential decreased with increasing amounts of coagulated sludges and PAC. Addition of coagulated sludges increased the removal rate of turbidity in the water and, at the same time, reduced the amounts of coagulant added.

Pit식 방파제에 의한 파랑의 회절에 관한 연구

이홍식,이보형,A. Neil Williams 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 1997 環境科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

Wave diffraction has been studied for the prediction of wave interaction due to a pit breakwater. The present model is based on the linear wave theory and boundary element approach. The fluid domain is divided into two regions; an interior region whose boundary consists of the projection of the outline of the pit and an exterior region consisting of the remainder of the fluid domain. By utilizing an appropriate Green's theorem in each region, a pair of simultaneous integral equations has been derived for the velocity potential and its normal derivative at the imaginary fluid interface between the two regions. These integral equations have been discretized, and resulting system of algebraic equations solved by standard matrix techniques. Based on this solution technique, diffraction patterns in wave fields have been shown by the different various pit geometries. Finally, a numerical example for a navigation channel has been illustrated to present the effect of wave decay. In accordance with the condition of each pit breakwater, wave heights in the direction of leeward can be found reduced to 5 ~ 10% for the incident wave height.

성장기 아동과 성인에서의 Ⅱ급 1류 부정교합치료양상에 관한 두부방사선 계측학적 비교연구 : ADOLESCENTS CONTRASTED WITH ADULTS

강보선,양원식 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 Ⅱ급 1류 부정교합의 치료에 있어 치료전의 환자연령에 따른 부정교합치료의 양적 차이를 알아보고, Johnston analysis를 통해 협측 치열군의 교정이 어떤 방법으로 이루어지는지, 즉, 두개저에 대한 또한 상호간에 대한 상, 하악 각각의 성장양과 기저골에 대한 구치의 이동양을 측정하여 구치부의 교정이 어떻게 이루어지는지를 알아보고자 했으며 서울대학교병원 치과진료부 교정과에 내원하여 Ⅱ급 1류 부정교합으로 진단되어 상, 하악 제1소구치를 발치하여 치료를 받은 여자환자 52명중 치료전의 연령을 기준으로 성장기 아동군과 성인군으로 대별하여 치료전,후 두부방사선사진을 계측, 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치료전,후의 상악골의 전후방적인 위치변화에 대한 비교를 통해서 성장기 아동군과 성인군간의 유의한 차는 없었다. 그러나 하악골의 전후방적 위치변화에 있어서는 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보였다.(p<0.05) 2. 치료 전,후 수직고경의 변화에 있어, 성장기 아동군에서는 전안면고경, 후안면 고경, 하안면고경 등이 성장과 치료의 효과로 유의성있게 증가하였으며(p<0.001), 성인군에서는 유의성있는 변화가 없었다. 3. 치료전,후 교합평면의 변화에 있어, 성장기 아동군에서는 교합평면의 경사도의 유의성있는 변화가 발견되지 않았으나, 성인군에서는 교합평면의 경사도가 유의성있게 증가하였다.(p<0.05) 4. Johnston analysis를 이용한 분석으로, total molar correction의 양에 있어서 성장기 아동군과 성인군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다.(p<0.05) 5. Johnston analysis를 이용한 분석에 의해 성장기 아동군에서는 total molar correction의 63%가 하악골성장에 의해, 37%가 치아이동에 의해 이루어짐을 관찰했다. 성인군에서는 total molar correction의 99%가 치아이동에 의해 이루어졌다. The purpose of this study was to quantitate differences in the nature of the correction of Angle's Class Ⅱ div 1 malocclusion dependent on the patient's age at the time of treatment. The sample consisted of 27 female patients in the adolescent group with a mean initial records age of 11.8 years and 25 female patients in the adult group with a mean starting age of 21.1 yrs. Lateral cephalometric head films were taken before and after orthodontic treatment with four bicuspid extraction. The results were obtained as follows. 1. None of maxillary skeletal parameters exhibited a significantly different in tretment change between adolescents and adults. But, in mandibular skeletal measurements, there were significant differences between two groups.(p<0.05) 2. Measures of vertical dimension in the adults remained unchanged during treatment, reflecting the effective absence of growth. 3. The steepness of occlusal plane in the adults changed significantly.(p<0.05) In contrast, the adolescents displayed stability of the occlusal plane. 4. According to the Johnston analysis, there was a significant difference in the total molar correction between two groups.(p<0.05) 5. According to the Johnston analysis, differential mandibular growth in the adolescents contrubuted 63% of the total molar correction, with orthodontic tooth movement accounting for the remaining 37%. In the adults, dental movements comprised 99% of the correction.

폭풍발생에 따른 해안단면변화에 관한 수치해석

표순보,조원철,이보형,이홍식 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

폭풍발생에 다른 해안단면의 변화를 예측하는 것은 해안선 변화에 대한 종합적인 대책을 수립하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. 해안단면변화는 주로 해빈의 유사이송에 에 의해 발생되나, 유사이송은 유사의 입경, 수면상승높이, 쇄파고 등 많은 요소들에 의해 복합적으로 작용하기 때문에 현재에도 정확한 예측이 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 해안단면에서의 평형에너지소산개념을 수치모델에 도입하여 폭풍발생에 따른 안층방향의 해안단면변화와 해빈침식에 대하여 분석하여 보았다. 안층방향의 해안단면변화와 해빈침식은 평형단면 파라미터, 유사이송률 파라미터, 수면상승높이에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있다. A numerical model is applied for predicting variation of the beach profile and beach erosion during storms. Equation of sediment continuity and dynamic equation, governing on-offshore sediment transport due to a disequilibrium of wave energy dissipation, are used in the model. During a storm, the beach profile evolves to a form where the depth at the surf zone is related to the distance seaward of the waterline. In general, variation of the beach profile is found to be sensitive to the equilibrium profile parameter, the sediment transport rate parameter and the elevated water level. Also, the model response characteristics in the simulation of beach erosion show a lag between the maximum storm surge elevation and the maximum erosion.

樂浪塼築墓에 대한 一考察

洪潽植 부산대사학회 1993 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.17