Role of Recycled Water Sources in the (IM)Mobilization and Bioavailability of Copper in Soils

( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),( Nanthi S. Bolan ),( Ravi Naidu ),( Won Il Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2012 No.-

This research investigates the impact of various recycled water sources (treated sewage, storm water, dairy, winery and piggery effluents) on the (im)mobilization and bioavailability of copper (Cu) in soils. Recycled water can act both as a source and sink for heavy metals. When used for irrigation the concentration of metal content in soils may increase depending on the level of treatment. But the presence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in recycled water are likely to (im)mobilize Cu by forming complexes thereby affecting the bioavailability. This work reveals that Cu-DOC complexes decreased the adsorption and bioavailability of Cu to plants and soil organisms which were evidenced by microbial respiration, earthworm toxicity and plant growth experiments. While the mobility of Cu increased with increasing levels of Cu, it depended on the extent of Cu adsorption and formation of soluble Cu-DOC complexes.

Topological Indices and Bounds for the Energy of Fibonacci Graph

Anitha N.,Savitha H. C.,임동규 장전수학회 2021 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.24 No.1

Fibonacci sequence of numbers plays a significant role in communication networks, coding theory, encryption and many such areas. A Fibonacci graph Fd,2n is a d regular graph where d is such that Fd is the largest Fibonacci number less than or equal to n. In this paper we present few lower and upper bounds for the energy of the Fibonacci graph in terms of n, d and the determinant of the adjacency matrix, detA. We have also investigated some topological indices for the Fibonacci graph and the obtained results are tabulated.

Automatic Extraction of Vertebral Endplates from Scoliotic Radiographs Using Customized Filter

Anitha H.,Karunakar A. K.,Dinesh K. V. N. 대한의용생체공학회 2014 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.4 No.2

Purpose The scoliosis diagnosing system needs radio-graphicinformation in terms of spinal curvature estimated usingCobb’s definition. The evaluation process and treatmentanalysis depends on the reliability and reproducibility of thespine curvature in the frontal view. Methods Manual identification of end vertebrae and otheranatomical features required for the estimation of spinalcurvature causes variability and unreliability at higher rate. This paper proposes an automated system to extract therequired anatomical features using customized filter. Thecustomized filter used in this paper is a combination ofanisotropic, sigmoid and differential filter. Combination ofthese filters automatically extracts the anatomical features interms of required vertebral endplates. Automatic identificationof these endplates eliminates the human intervention involvedin the quantification of Cobb angle. Results and Conclusions Analysis of the results revealssignificant difference between the observer variabilitybetween manual, computer assisted and computerized imageunderstanding system in terms of inter and intra crosscorrelation coefficient ratio (ICCR).

Development of the body condition score system in Murrah buffaloes: validation through ultrasonic assessment of body fat reserves

Anitha Alapati,Sarjan Rao Kapa,Suresh Jeepalyam,Srinivasa Moorthy Patrapalle Rangappa,Kotilinga Reddy Yemireddy 대한수의학회 2010 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.11 No.1

The body condition score (BCS) system is a subjective scoring method of evaluating the energy reserves of dairy animals to provide better understanding of biological relationships between body fat, milk production and reproduction. This method helps in adopting the optimum management practices to derive maximum production and maintain optimum health of the livestock. In this study, a new BCS system was developed for Murrah buffaloes. The skeletal check points were identified by studying the anatomical features and amount of fat reserves in slaughtered animals. The scores were assigned from 1 to 5based on the amount of fat reserves in slaughtered animals. A score of 1 represents least and 5 represents most amount of fat. The skeletal check points identified were ordered based on the amount of carcass fat reserves and scores assigned to prepare a preliminary BCS chart on a 1 to 5 scale at 0.25 increments. The BCS chart was further modified by eliminating the skeletal check points at which the fat reserves were less evident on palpation in most of the buffaloes and a new BCS chart on a 1 to 5 scale at 0.5 increments examining eight skeletal check points was developed. The new BCS system developed was tested for precision in 10 buffaloes for each point of the 1-5 scale by ultrasonographic measurements of body fat reserves. Ultrasonographic measurements showed that as the BCS increased, the amount of fat reserves also increased (p < 0.01), indicating that the BCS adequately reflected the amount of actual fat reserves. BCS was significantly correlated (r = 0.860) with the carcass fat reserves as well as the ultrasonographic fat reserves (r = 0.854).

Recent developments in TiO2 as n- and p-type transparent semiconductors: synthesis, modification, properties, and energy-related applications

Anitha, V. C.,Banerjee, A. N.,Joo, S. W. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.50 No.23

Assessing Bone Quality in Terms of Bone Mineral Density, Buckling Ratio and Critical Fracture Load

Anitha D,이태용 대한골대사학회 2014 대한골대사학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is used as a sole parameter in the diagnosis ofosteoporosis. Due to the ease of acquirement of BMD, clinical diagnosis still involves itsusage although the limitations of BMD are quite well-established. Therefore, this prelim-inary study hoped to reduce the errors introduced by BMD alone by incorporating geo-metric and structural predictors simultaneously to observe if strength was implicitly de-pendent on the geometry and BMD. Hence, we illustrated the triadic relationship be-tween BMD, buckling ratio (BR) and critical fracture load (Fcr). Methods: The geometricpredictor was the BR as it involves both the changes in the periosteum and the corticalthickness. Also, structural changes were monitored by finite element (FE) analysis–pre-dicted Fcr. These BR and Fcr measurements were plotted with their respective femoralneck BMD values in elderly female patients (n=6) in a 3-year follow-up study, treatedwith ibandronate. Results: In all the three-dimensional plots (baseline, mid and finalyear), high Fcrvalues were found at regions containing high BMD and low BR values. Quan-titatively, this was also proven where an averaged highest Fcracross the three years hada relatively higher BMD (46%) and lower BR (19%) than that of the averaged lowest Fcr. The dependence of FE predicted strength on both the geometry and bone density wasillustrated. Conclusions: We conclude that use of triadic relationships for the evaluationof osteoporosis and hip fractures with the combination of strength, radiology-derivedBR and bone density will lay the foundation for more accurate predictions in the future.

Improved Life of Watchdog Nodes in Ad hoc Networks

Anitha M,Dr. Rhymend Uthariaraj V 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.8 No.6

Clustering or Cluster formation of nodes in wireless networks facilitates resource reuse and increases the performance capacity of the system. This paper presents a cluster-based solution to improve life of watchdog nodes that are designed to monitor intrusions in ad hoc network. The proposed approach ensures load sharing, increased robustness, added security and high reliability such that the entire network becomes fault tolerant. Unlike the existing systems, the algorithm intends to create multiple cluster heads for each cluster, thereby balancing the monitoring nodes’ work load and reducing reelection overhead. Simulation results show the competence of the proposed work over the existing approaches in terms of performance metrics such as percentage of alive nodes, cluster head election time, re-election time, election rate and communication overhead.

NPFAM: Non-Proliferation Fuzzy ARTMAP for Image Classification in Content Based Image Retrieval

( Anitha K ),( Chilambuchelvan A ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.7

A Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system employs visual features rather than manual annotation of images. The selection of optimal features used in classification of images plays a key role in its performance. Category proliferation problem has a huge impact on performance of systems using Fuzzy Artmap (FAM) classifier. The proposed CBIR system uses a modified version of FAM called Non-Proliferation Fuzzy Artmap (NPFAM). This is developed by introducing significant changes in the learning process and the modified algorithm is evaluated by extensive experiments. Results have proved that NPFAM classifier generates a more compact rule set and performs better than FAM classifier. Accordingly, the CBIR system with NPFAM classifier yields good retrieval.

토양환경 분야PS-15 : 식물, 지렁이, 미생물의 비소 유효성에 대한 바이오차, 황토, 지렁이퇴비의 영향

( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),김경진 ( Gyeong Jin Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),이정미 ( Jeong Mi Lee ),고우리 ( Woo Ri Go ),조남준 ( Nam June Cho ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

This study investigated the influence of organic amendments [vermicompost (5% w/w), and hairy vetch and poultry manure biochars (2% w/w) at two temperatures (450 and 700℃)] andred soil (RS-2% w/w) on the availability of arsenic (As) to radish plants ( Raphanus sativus), earthworms ( Eisenia fetida) and microorganisms in a highly contaminated As (1341.54 mg As kg.1) soil. The bioavailability of As to earthworms was determined by mortality test and to microorganisms by microbial biomass carbon (MBC) experiment. In the plant growth experiment, there was no significant difference in dry matter content among the biochars, vermicompost and red soil and also between biochars at different temperatures. Although the extractable As increased in all the treatments after the completion of the experiment, biochars, significantly reduced the uptake of As compared to the control. Poultry manure biochar decreased As at a higher rate when compared to hairy vetch biochar, and the reduction percentage was significantly higher at higher temperature. Red soil and vermicompost also reduced the availability of As to radish but the percentage of reduction was similar to hairy vetch biochar at 450℃. Also, red soil in combination with biochars reduced the availability of As but the percentage of reduction was similar to biochars at 450℃. At the end of the mortality experiment, weight loss of worms was observed in all the treatments. The mortality percentage in worms reduced by 70-80% in biochars and RS compared to control and vermicompost treatments. The HVBC 450 and PMBC 700 markedly reduced As accumulation in worm tissues compared to control, red soil and vermicompost treatments. Microbial activity varied between the treatments and higher MBC was noticed in soils treated with biochars at low temperatures. This study shows the effectiveness of biochar and red soil in the remediation of As.contaminated soils. Results may vary, depending on the types of biochar and its pyrolysis temperature. A field experiment is currently underway to confirm the results obtained from the glass house and laboratory studies.

Comparison of Buckling Ratio and Finite Element Analysis of Femoral Necks in Post-menopausal Women

( Anitha D ),( Kwang Joon Kim ),( Sung Kil Lim ),( Taeyong Lee ) 대한폐경학회 2014 대한폐경학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: Osteoporosis is a prevalent problem amongst the elderly. Bone mineral density (BMD) obtained from dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard in diagnosing osteopenia (-1.0 < t < -2.5) and osteoporosis (t > 2.5). However, following osteoporosis therapy, increases in BMD may be unreliable. Although hip fracture risk can be reduced with the aid of drugs, treated patients still face considerable risk as most people who sustain hip fracture do not have generalized osteoporosis. A study of the local distribution of bone mass was necessary as they contribute to the geometry and consequently the bone strength. Methods: By identifying the respective regions in the femoral neck, the geometric changes were localized and differed between each patient, proving that drug treatment elicits local changes in mean outer radius and mean cortical thickness. Numerical analysis also validated the above findings, where critical strain regions were predicted at similar zones and this is coherent with the fact that reduced thickness of the cortical bone has been related to increased risk of fracture initiation. Results: Hence, from individual radar plots, we can determine if the effect of drugs had outweighed the effect of aging. We can then propose a course of treatment drug better suited for the patient in the clinical scenario. Conclusion: Clinically, little conclusion can be drawn from just the BMD in osteopenic / osteoporotic patients. This emphasizes the necessity of using geometry and structure to predict fracture risk. Focusing on a patient specific analysis at a local level will improve diagnosis of osteoporosis and ultimately fracture prediction. (J Menopausal Med 2014;20:52-56)