인젝션과 텀블링 염지촉진처리에 따른 염지우육의 품질에 미치는 영향

구수경,김희주,유승철,전기홍,김영붕,Ku, Su Kyung,Kim, Hee Ju,Yu, Seung Chul,Jeon, Ki Hong,Kim, Young Boong 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 염지촉진 방법인 인젝션 및 텀블링 처리에 따른 한우 우둔 염지육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 처리구는 인젝션과 텀블링 단일 처리구 및 복합처리구로 텀블링 처리구의 경우 진공과 비진공으로 나누었으며 대조구는 6시간 침지하였다. pH는 5.26-5.51의 범위로 인젝션 후 텀블링 처리구가 5.51로 가장 높았고 텀블링 단일 처리구에서 5.26으로 가장 낮았으며 인젝션 및 텀블링 복합처리구에서 높은 경향을 나타내어(p<0.05) 보수력 증진에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다. 염도와 당도 측정결과 pH가 높게 측정된 인젝션 및 텀블링 복합처리구에서 높은 경향을 나타내어 염지 촉진효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 가열감량은 대조구에서 22.08%로 가장 많았으나 인젝션 후 텀블링 진공 처리구와 비진공 처리구 및 텀블링 진공처리구간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며 인젝션 처리구는 13.98%로 유의적으로 가장 적게 나타났다. 조직감 측정 결과 hardness는 8.01-13.99 kg의 범위로 인젝션 후 진공텀블링 처리구가 가장 낮았으며 대조구에서 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 그러나 인젝션 후 진공 및 비진공 텀블링 처리구가 텀블링 진공 및 비진공 처리구보다 낮았지만 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 인젝션 처리구의 경우 단일 텀블링 진공 및 비진공 처리구와 비교할 때 텀블링과 인젝션 처리는 연도향상에 유사한 영향을 주는 것으로 보이며 단일 텀블링 진공과 비진공 처리구 및 인젝션 후 진공 및 비진공 텀블링 복합 처리구의 결과로 볼 때 진공과 비진공의 차이 또한 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 색도는 염지 및 가공방법에 따른 가열 전후의 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 관능평가 결과 모든 항목에서 인젝션 및 텀블링 공정으로 제조한 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 평가되었으며 연도정도, 조직감의 기호도 및 맛의 영향으로 종합적인 기호도에서 인젝션 후 비진공 텀블링 복합 처리구가 가장 높은 기호도를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구결과 인젝션 및 텀블링 공정은 육의 가공에 있어 가열수율, 연도 및 관능적 기호도 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 사료되었다. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of marinade condition (injection and tumbling process) on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of marinade steak. The pH of marinade steaks was in the range of 5.26-5.51, with the highest level in the injection/tumbling (IT) treatment, while injection processes tended to result in higher pH levels (p<0.05). Salinity and sweetness contents were determined to be the highest in the IT treatment. Cooking loss was highest in the control (Immersion, 6 hr), but there were no significant differences between control and injection/tumbling, injection/ vacuum/tumbling (IVT), and vacuum/tumbling treatments. Hardness was in the range of 8.01-13.99 kg, with the lowest level observed for the IVT treatment, and the highest level observed for the control. However, there were no significant differences in hardness between injection process treatments and non-injection process treatments. Therefore, injection and tumbling processes have a similar effect on meat tenderness. In the sensory evaluation, there was a significant difference between the control, injection and tumbling process treatments in terms of tenderness, texture preference and taste. These results suggest that injection and tumbling processes improved tenderness, product yield and sensory preference in meat products.

냉동 설기떡의 해동조건에 따른 품질 비교 연구

구수경,최현욱,최희돈,박종대,성정민,홍정선,김태경,최윤상,Ku, Su-Kyung,Choi, Hyun-Wook,Choi, Hee-Don,Park, Jong-Dae,Sung, Jung-Min,Hong, Jung-Sun,Kim, Tae-Kyung,Choi, Yun-Sang 한국식품조리과학회 2018 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different thawing methods on the quality characteristics of Sulgidduk. Frozen Sulgidduk was thawed using room temperature thawing (RT), running water thawing (RWT), pan-grill thawing (PT), steam thawing (ST), microwave thawing (MWT), and superheated steam thawing (SHST). Methods: This study attempted to determine a suitable thawing method to prevent loss of Sulgidduk quality. MWT had the shortest thawing time, which was about 57 times faster than that of RT thawing treatment. Results: The different thawing methods had significant effects on Sulgidduk quality. ST thawing treatment had the highest moisture content at 51.06% (p<0.05), but this value was not significantly different from that of SHST thawing treatment (p>0.05). Water activity showed no significant difference according to thawing method. Hardness was the highest in RT thawing treatment and lowest in ST thawing treatment (p<0.05). As moisture content increased, hardness value decreased. Conclusion: This study suggests that the quality characteristics of frozen Sulgidduk vary depending on thawing method. Thus, SHST method reduced thawing time effectively and can be considered as suitable for developing convenience foods and industrial applications.

오리 부산물 종류별 영양학적 특성 및 냉동저장 (-20℃)에 따른 품질변화

구수경,황순회,임상동,이강현,김영붕,Ku, Su Kyung,Hwang, Soon Hoe,Lim, Sang Dong,Lee, Kang Hyun,Kim, Young Boong 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.1

The objective of this study is to increase the utilization of duck by-products. The nutritional characteristics of four kinds of duck by-products (liver, heart, gizzard, and feet) were determined. The quality changes of four kinds of duck by-products were evaluated during frozen storage at $-20^{\circ}C$. The crude protein and cholesterol contents showed the highest level in liver while the crude fat content was determined to be the highest content in feet at 13.90%, and lowest in gizzard at 0.57%. Duck by-products contained USFA in the range of 48.69-77.66%, and the highest level in feet (p<0.05). During storage of duck by-products at $-20^{\circ}C$, the pH of duck by-products was in the range of 6.24-7.15, and there were no significant differences during the 4 mon storage period at $-20^{\circ}C$. Microbial counts of duck by-products except the gizzard were decreased significantly as storage time elapsed. In the sensory evaluation, overall acceptability of by-products (liver, heart, gizzard and feet) showed a tendency of decreasing value through storage, because off-flavor was increased with increased storage. Considering the combined results, one can conclude that duck by-products provide a good source of protein, and it was judged that the use of raw meat would be most appropriate within 3 mon of frozen storage.

홍삼양갱의 항산화활성 및 품질특성

구수경 ( Su Kyung Ku ),최해연 ( Hae Yeon Choi ) 한국식품조리과학회 2009 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.25 No.2

식육가공 산업의 합성 첨가물 현황 및 대체 기술동향: 아질산염과 인산염 중심으로

김태경,구수경,김영붕,전기홍,최윤상,Kim, Tae-Kyung,Ku, Su-Kyung,Kim, Young-Boong,Jeon, Ki-Hong,Choi, Yun-Sang 한국축산식품학회 2017 축산식품과학과 산업 Vol.6 No.1

Physico-chemical and Microbial Properties of Sausages Affected by Plant Scale and Cooking Treatments during Refrigerated Storage

최윤상,구수경,전기홍,박종대,임상동,김희주,김지호,김영붕,Choi, Yun-Sang,Ku, Su-Kyung,Jeon, Ki-Hong,Park, Jong-Dae,Lim, Sang-Dong,Kim, Hee-Ju,Kim, Ji-Ho,Kim, Young-Boong Korean Society of Food and Cookery Science 2016 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

목적: 본 연구는 육제품 제조 시 가열조건 및 육가공장 규모에 따른 육제품의 저장 중 이화학적 및 미생물학적 변화에 대해 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구방법: 가열조건은 1차 및 2차 가열조건으로 하였고, 육가공장 규모는 대, 중, 소로 구분하여 이화학적 및 미생물학적 변화로 pH, VBN, 일반세균, 대장균군, 대장균 및 병원성 세균에 대해 7일 간격으로 측정하였다. 결과: 육제품의 가열조건에 따른 병원성 세균(Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfrengens 및 Escherichia coli)에 대해 측정한 결과 1차 가열 후 모두 음성으로 나타났다. pH는 초기 1차 및 2차 가열 후 각각 6.17-6.55 및 6.17-6.56의 범위로 가열조건에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 저장 35일에는 1차 가열 제품은 5.13-6.00의 낮은 pH를 보인 반면 2차 가열 제품의 경우 5.42-6.19 범위로 1차 가열제품보다 높은 경향을 보였다. VBN 함량은 초기 3.89-7.77 mg%의 범위를 보였고 저장 35일에는 9.38-13.05 mg%로 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 가열조건에 따라서는 2차 가열 후 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 육가공장 규모에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 일반세균수는 초기 1.39-2.96 log CFU/g이였고 저장 35일에 1차 및 2차 가열 후 각각 6.13-7.12 log CFU/g 및 3.46-6.92 log CFU/g으로 2차 가열 후 세균수가 적게 나타났다. 또한 육가공장 규모에 따라서는 이화학적 및 미생물학적으로 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론: 따라서 1차 가열로 병원성 미생물 제어는 가능하나 2차 가열로 인하여 저장기간을 연장시킬 수 있을 것으로 보이며 제품의 특성에 맞는 관리가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of plant scale and cooking conditions on the quality characteristics of sausages during refrigerated storage. Methods: Sausages used in this study were classified into two groups: those submitted to $1^{st}$ cooked treatments and those submitted to $2^{nd}$ cooked treatments. The pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), gas production ratio, and microorganisms were measured in triplicate. Results: The change of quality in the products was assessed every 7 days by measuring pH, VBN levels, total microbes, coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and pathogenic bacteria in the products. Pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, and E. coli were not detected in the sausages with $1^{st}$ cooked treatments. The results showed that the pH of the sausages decline as storage time increased. The pH value of the sausages with $2^{nd}$ cooked treatments changed gradually. VBN levels were generally lower in products with $2^{nd}$ cooked treatments than in those with $1^{st}$ cooked treatments, but they varied with the type of products. On the $35^{th}$ day, the number of total microbes ranged between 6.13-7.12 log CFU/g in products with $1^{st}$ cooked treatments and 3.44-6.92 log CFU/g in products with $2^{nd}$ cooked treatments, showing fewer bacteria in the latter products. Conclusions: $1^{st}$ cooked treatments were effective in microbial control, but $2^{nd}$ cooked treatments could prolong the shelf life of the sausages, indicating a need for differential management of each product.

돈육 및 우육 부위별 가공적성 연구

최윤상,구수경,이혜진,성정민,전기홍,김현욱,김태경,김영붕,Choi, Yun-Sang,Ku, Su-Kyung,Lee, Hae-Jin,Sung, Jung-Min,Jeon, Ki-Hong,Kim, Hyun-Wook,Kim, Tae-Kyung,Kim, Young-Boong 한국식품조리과학회 2016 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of pork and beef meat according to species (pork: modern genotype pork, Korean native black pork; beef: Holstein, Korean native cattle) and cuts (pork: shoulder, ham, loin; beef: loin, tenderness, round). Methods: The moisture content, protein content, fat content, ash content, fatty acid compositions pH, whater holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, color, and sensory characteristics were measured in triplicate. Results: The moisture content, pH, cooking loss, and shear force of modern genotype pork were significantly higher than the Korean native black pork; in addition, the moisture content of loin was significantly higher than shoulder and ham. The fatty acid compositions for different parts of pork showed no significant differences. Among the sensory characteristics, the parameters of pork were not significantly different. The moisture content of Holstein was significantly higher than Korean native cattle. The fatty acid composition of beef could not confirm the specific differences. Water holding capacity of Korean native cattle was higher than Holstein, while cooking loss of Korean native cattle was lower than Holstein. Overall acceptability scores of Korean native cattle was higher than Holstein. Conclusion: The study results of several parameters in selected raw meat samples provide useful information for developing new strategies to improve the quality of meat products consumption.

돈간 첨가량이 햄버거 패티의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

최윤상,구수경,이혜진,박종대,성정민,전기홍,오남수,김영붕,Choi, Yun-Sang,Ku, Su-Kyung,Lee, Hae-Jin,Park, Jong-Dae,Sung, Jung-Min,Jeon, Ki-Hong,Oh, Nam-Su,Kim, Young-Boong 한국식품조리과학회 2017 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.33 No.1

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pork liver levels on the quality characteristics of hamburger patties. Methods: The effects of the addition of livers concentrations from 0% to 20% were investigated based on chemical composition, cooking characteristics, physicochemical properties, shear force, and sensory characteristics of hamburger patties. Results: The increasing pork liver levels from 0% to 20% resulted in increased moisture content, ash content, redness, reduction in diameter, and reduction in thickness of hamburger patties, but decreased the fat content, lightness, cooking yield, shear force and water holding capacity of hamburger patties. The protein content of hamburger patties with different amounts of pork liver showed no significant differences. The hamburger patties with increasing pork liver levels had lower color, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability scores, but the overall acceptability of control showed similar trends to T1 (treatments with 5% pork liver). Conclusion: Pork liver in the formulation showed similar quality characteristics as compared to control hamburger patties without liver, with best results obtained on adding up to 5% pork liver.

돈육 부산물의 전처리 조건에 따른 품질특성 연구

김태경,구수경,이혜진,이철원,김영붕,전기홍,최윤상,Kim, Tae-Kyung,Ku, Su-Kyung,Lee, Hye-Jin,Lee, Cheol-Won,Kim, Young-Boong,Jeon, Ki-Hong,Choi, Yun-Sang 한국식품조리과학회 2016 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.32 No.6

Purpose: This study was conducted to improve the quality characteristics of pork intestine through different pretreatment processes. Methods: We washed pork intestine by both physical (tap water, UV, and sonication) and chemical methods (alcohol, acetic acid, flour and NaCl) as pretreatment process. The physicochemical (pH, color, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and microbial properties of pre-treated pork small intestine were evaluated. Results: The nature of the pretreatment method influenced the pH value of pork small intestine. The acetic acid treatment resulted in the lowest pH value. In physical method, the color value and the number of microorganism were significantly affected by sonication as compared to other treatments. TBARS value of pork small intestine after all the treatments was lower than the control. However, VBN exhibited no significant differences in its value irrespective of the nature of treatment. Appearance and control exhibited lowest value in response to sonication treatment. However, off-flavor and overall acceptability were higher in sonication treatment than other treatments. In chemical method involving NaCl and flour treatments, lightness and redness were lower than other treatments. Lowest VBN and TBARS values were noted in alcohol and acetic acid treatmentsand no growth of E. coli and coliform bacteria was observed. The other treatments resulted in lower values of VBN, TBARS, and microbial counts than the control. Appearance and color value after alcohol, acetic acid, and flour treatment were lower than the control and NaCl treatment. Off-flavor and overall acceptability of by-product after alcohol, flour, and NaCl treatments were higher than the control and acetic acid treatment. Conclusion: Overall, we present NaCl treatment and sonication treatment in the form of a combination pretreatment method as the optimal condition for processing pork intestine.

냉동 방법에 따른 떡의 품질특성 변화

이혜진,구수경,최희돈,박종대,성정민,김영붕,최현욱,최윤상,Lee, Hye-Jin,Ku, Su-Kyung,Choi, Hee-Don,Park, Jong-Dae,Sung, Jung-Min,Kim, Young-Boong,Choi, Hyun-Wook,Choi, Yun-Sang 한국식품조리과학회 2017 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Purpose: Frozen Korean traditional rice cakes (Sulgitteok and Garaetteok) were evaluated different conditions ($-20^{\circ}C$ and $-10^{\circ}C$) freezing (magnetic resonance quick freezing and air blast freezing) to study differences in quality characteristics. Methods: Experiments analyze Korean rice cakes for water content, water activity, color, textural properties, and sensory characteristics. Results: Moisture content showed high value at $-20^{\circ}C$ freezing regardless of freezing method. Water activity was higher at $-20^{\circ}C$ than $-10^{\circ}C$, and water activity higher magnetic resonance quick freezing than air blast freezing. The lightness values were higher $-20^{\circ}C$ freezing temperature compare to $-10^{\circ}C$ freezing temperature. Hardness and chewiness were the lowest $-20^{\circ}C$ magnetic resonance quick freezing. sensory evaluation both Sulgitteok and Garaetteok showed better overall acceptability at $-20^{\circ}C$ magnetic resonance quick freezing. Conclusion: Therefore, the $-20^{\circ}C$ magnetic resonance quick freezing method resulted in favorable textural properties and sensory characteristics.