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한현자 ( Hyun-ja Han ),김수진 ( Soo-jin Kim ),김태호 ( Tae-ho Kim ),김명석 ( Myoung-sug Kim ),조미영 ( Mi-young Cho ),최혜승 ( Hye Sung Choi ) 한국수산과학회 2021 한국수산과학회지 Vol.54 No.4
In Korea, fish is a major food source, and sustainable production of fish is critical for the aquaculture industry. Recently, infectious diseases have become an unavoidable problem in aquaculture and have caused serious economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to overcome this challenge to increase productivity in aquaculture. Vaccination is the most effective and long-term measure for improving the management of a fish farm. Sales of fish vaccines in Korea have been steadily increasing, with a confirmed increase from 600 million won in 2007 to 3.4 billion won in 2018. As of 2021, 30 licensed fish vaccines, including both single and combination vaccines containing more than two inactivated pathogens, have been approved in Korea for 10 fish pathogens. Twenty-eight of these are used in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus; however, only two vaccines are used in starry flounder Platichthys stellatus, red seabream Ragrus major and rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. Therefore, vaccine development is required not only for the olive flounder but also for other cultured fish species. The development of effective vaccines and vaccination programs for fish is a continuous requirement for a sustainable aquaculture industry.
양식 가숭어(Chelon haematocheilus)에서 최초로 분리된 갈고리벌레과 Cymothoids의 특성 연구
서한길 ( Han-gill Seo ),오명주 ( Myung-joo Oh ),조미영 ( Miyoung Cho ),한현자 ( Hyun-ja Han ) 한국어병학회 2023 한국어병학회지 Vol.36 No.2
Mullet is an important marine aquaculture fish species in Korea, with a total of 7,237 tons produced as of 2022, making it the 5th most produced marine aquaculture fish species. In this study, ectoparasites presumed to be isopods were discovered in the fins of farmed flathead grey mullet (average weight 550 g), and the characteristics of the parasites were confirmed. The length of the parasite was 5 to 18 mm, and 3 to 7 parasites were infected per fish. To analyze the characteristics of the parasites, molecular biological identification and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, and it was confirmed to be most closely related to Nerocila japonica in the Cymothoidae family. To confirm the parasite control effect, a direct exposure drug sensitivity test was conducted on five types of aquatic drugs and fresh water, trichlorfon was confirmed to be effective.
우리나라 양식 강도다리, Platichthys stellatus에서 분리된 Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida의 특성
조영아 ( Young Ah Cho ),한현자 ( Hyun Ja Han ),문희은 ( Hee Eun Mun ),정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ) 한국어병학회 2013 한국어병학회지 Vol.26 No.2
본 연구에서는 2012년 8월, 우리나라 울산 소재의 강도다리 양식장에서 뚜렷한 증상 없이 강도다리 폐사가 발생하여 그 원인을 밝히고자 하였다. 기생충, 세균, 바이러스 검사를 수행하였으며, 내부 장기에서 균이 순수 분리되어 해당 분리균주의 표현형 및 유전적 특성을 분석하였다. 순수 배양된 균체를 확인하여 계대 배양하여 생화학적 성상과 16S rRNA 유전자와 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 유전자의 염기서열 분석 결과 Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida으로 동정되었다. Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida와 Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae는 TCBS agar 배지의 균주 배양 유무, 16S rRNA 및 CPS 유전자 분석을 통해 구분할 수 있었다. 실험 균주는 ofloxacin과 gentamycin에 대해서 감수성을 나타냈으며, 배양 온도에 따른 발육시험 시 18℃ 및 25℃에서 시험한 다른 균주에 비해 유의적으로 높은 생장율을 나타내었다. Starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus (body length 4.4 ± 0.51 ㎝) that became sick during an outbreak of disease at mariculture facilities at Ulsan, Korea in August of 2012, were examined to identify the cause of the disease. Diseased fish didn`t show a unique sign, but the oxidase-positive and gram negative rod was isolated from moribund fish. The bacterium was revealed as Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida by biochemical analysis and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) genes. The isolates (AD5) was carrying susceptible to ofloxacin and gentamycin and showed high growth value at 18℃ and 25℃ compared to four other P. damsela strains.
해조류 유래 Fucoidan의 어류용 백신 항원보조제로서의 가능성에 대한 고찰
민은영,김광일,조미영,정승희,한현자,Min, Eun Young,Kim, Kwang Il,Cho, Mi Young,Jung, Sung-Hee,Han, Hyun-Ja 한국해양생명과학회 2019 한국해양생명과학회지 Vol.4 No.1
Fucoidan(후코이단)은 주로 갈조류에서 추출되는 fucose를 함유한 함황 다당류의 일종으로, 항균, 항바이러스 및 항종양 효과와 함께 다양한 경로로 면역력을 향상시키는 생리 기능성물질로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 따르면, 인체 백신 분야에서는 fucoidan의 백신 adjuvant(항원보조제)로서의 가능성이 제시되었다. 수산업 분야에서는, 보조사료로서의 fucoidan의 기능에 관한 연구는 보고되고 있으나, 수산용 백신 개발을 위한 adjuvant 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 동물세포에서 fucoidan의 adjuvant에 대한 긍정적인 검토와 함께 안전성을 증명한 연구는 많이 있지만, fucoidan을 어류 백신용 adjuvant로 사용하기 위해서는 어류에서도 이를 확인할 필요가 있다. 또한 fucoidan의 분자량에 따라 세포 내 흡수율이 각기 다르다는 점과 병원체의 인위감염에 따른 항체 생성을 포함한 어류의 특이면역 반응 시스템에 대한 연구가 많이 부족하다는 제약이 있다. 따라서 이러한 분야에 대한 적극적인 연구가 뒷받침 된다면 안전하고 효과적인 adjuvant로 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 fucoidan이 사람과 동물을 포함하여 어류의 면역자극 즉 체액성 및 세포성 면역에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 검토하고, 수산업 분야에서 fucoidan의 사용과 어류 백신용 adjuvant로서의 가능성을 고찰하였다. Fucoidan is a physiologically functional ingredient extracted from seaweed brown algae, which is a sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose as a main molecule backbone. Fucoidan has a variety of immune-modulating or -stimulating effects, including promoting antigen uptake and enhancing anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-tumor effects. In addition, recent studies have suggested the possibility of use of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant in the field of human vaccine. Use of fucoidan as supplementary feeds have already been studied, but the development of fucoidan as an adjuvant of fish vaccine is still premature. However, the intracellular uptake of fucoidan differs depending on the molecular weight of fucoidan, and there is a limit to the study on specific immune response including the production of antibodies to fish caused by an artificial infection of pathogen. Although the safety of fucoidan has been demonstrated in animal cells, there is a need to confirm the safety of fucoidan in fish. Therefore, active research in this field is needed to use fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant. This study discussed the effects of fucoidan on immune stimulation, humoraland cellular- immunity including humans and animals. The prospect of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant in fisheries also reviewed.
국내 조피볼락(Sebastes sclegelii) 양식장에서 분리한 Streptococcus iniae의 표현형 및 유전형 특성
김태호 ( Tae-ho Kim ),한현자 ( Hyun-ja Han ),김명석 ( Myoung Sug Kim ),조미영 ( Miyoung Cho ),김수진 ( Soo-jin Kim ) 한국어병학회 2023 한국어병학회지 Vol.36 No.2
Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, is a representative bony fish that belongs to the family Scorpaenidae and the order Scorpaeniformes. It has high ecological and economic value and is widely cultivated in many East Asian countries, including South Korea, Japan and China. One of streptococci, Streptococcus iniae, is Gram-positive cocci with a negative reaction for catalase and oxidase. The Korean rockfish shows clinical signs when infected with S. iniae, such as body darkening, bleeding, enlarged kidneys, blurred eyes, abdominal distension, etc., ultimately leading to death. The Korean rockfish causes significant economic losses every year in South Korea due to streptococcosis. In this study, we identified bacteria from the fish using polymerase chain reaction and conducted analyses of hemolytic activity and biochemical tests using API 20 STREP and API ZYM systems. Results of confirming the hemolytic activity (n=4) observed in alpha-type hemolysis (25%), beta-type hemolysis (50%), and gamma-type hemolysis (25%) of isolates. The biochemical test results exhibited significant variation among S. iniae. Additionally, we performed intraperitoneal injection with S. iniae in the fish and analyzed the phylogenetic tree using housekeeping genes of S. iniae, including cpsD, arcC, glnA, groEL, gyrB, mutS, pheT, prkC, rpoB, and tkt, via multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) showed strong pathogenicity, such as 3.34 × 10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml for 23FBStr0601 strain and 7.16 × 10 CFU/ml for 23FBStr0602 strain. 23FBStr0603 strain showed relatively low pathogenicity at 1.73 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/ml. The strains 23FBStr0601 and 23FBStr0602, which showed strong pathogenicity, clustered into one monophyletic group. The 23FBStr0603 strain showed weak pathogenicity and formed a monophyletic group with KCTC 3657.
넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) 성어의 viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) 진단사례
김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ),조미영 ( Mi Young Cho ),이한나 ( Han Na Lee ),한현자 ( Hyun Ja Han ),이순정 ( Soon Jeong Lee ),지보영 ( Bo Toung Jee ),명정인 ( Jeong In Mteong ),원경미 ( Kyoung Mi Won ) 한국수산과학회 2012 한국수산과학회지 Vol.45 No.6
We examined the cause of a disease outbreak in adult olive f lounder Paralichthys olivaceus , which occurred at a Korean aquaculture farm in Korea in 2011. The principal signs included an expanded abdomen and congested liver, with persistent mortality (a little over two months). At the beginning of the outbreak, farm administrators misjudged the disease as bacterial in origin, because of the aforementioned signs, persistent mortality, and the detection of bacterial species, including Vibrio spp. and Streptococcus spp. Moreover, the detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) by reverse trasnscription-PCR analysis was complicated by use of the VHS-VN primer set, which has been in general use recently, because it produced weak bands in some samples. Therefore, we recommend the use of at least two different primer sets in the diagnosis of VHSV. Our histopathological f indings indicate that necrotizing myocarditis could be considered a pathogenic sign of VHSV infection.
방류용 수산종묘의 수산생물 병원체 검출 동향 (2009~2012)
조미영 ( Mi Young Cho ),원경미 ( Kyoung Mi Won ),한현자 ( Hyun Ja Han ),김현정 ( Hyeun Jeong Kim ),지보영 ( Bo Young Jee ),김석렬 ( Seok Ryel Kim ),이순정 ( Soon Jeong Lee ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ) 한국어병학회 2013 한국어병학회지 Vol.26 No.2
수산종묘는 인류에게 중요한 동물성 단백질을 제공할 뿐만 아니라, 방류를 통한 수산자원 관리의 측면에서도 매우 중요하다. 수산자원의 증강을 목적으로 2009년에는 33품종, 2010년에는 44품종, 2011년에는 43품종, 2012년에는 46품종에 대해 수산생물전염병에 대한 감염 여부를 조사하였다. 검사품종 중에서 해면품종으로는 전복이 가장 많았으며, 그 다음 해삼, 넙치, 조피볼락, 꽃게 순으로 나타났다. 내수면품종 중에서는 붕어가 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 쏘가리, 대농갱이, 다슬기, 참게의 순으로 나타났다. 감성돔, 돌돔, 붉은쏨뱅이, 뱀장어는 4년 동안 지속적으로 검사 횟수가 감소하였다. 숭어에 대해서는 2009년에만 전염병 검사가 수행되었다. 8개의 검사 항목에 대해 총 8,476건의 검사가 실시되었으며, 56건 (0.67%)에서 koi herpesvirus, white spot syndrome virus, red sea bream iridovirus 또는 viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus와 같은 병원체가 검출되어 불합격 처리되었다. Hatchery-reared seeds provides a key source of animal protein for human consumption and restocking for fishery management. For stock enhancement program, we have inspected the hatchery-reared seeds of 33 species in 2009, 44 species in 2010, 43 species in 2011 and 46 species in 2012 for legally designated diseases. Results showed that abalone was the most abundant in the marine species group and then sea cucumber, olive flounder, rockfish and swimming crab were followed. Crucian carp was the most abundant and then mandarin fish, Korean bullhead, melanian snail and Chinese mitten crab were followed in the freshwater species group. The number of inspection for black sea bream, rock bream, scorpionfish, black scraper, and eel has continuously decreased for four years. The inspection for flathead mullet has been carried out only in 2009. The total number of inspection cases for eight pathogens in this study were 8,476 and disqualification cases were 56 (0.67%) by detection of aquatic animals pathogens such as koi herpesvirus, white spot syndrome virus, red sea bream iridovirus or viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus.
뱀머리돌고래, Steno bredanensis에서 분리된 Enterococcus faecium의 특성
김명석 ( Myoung Sug Kim ),최혜승 ( Hye Sung Choi ),한현자 ( Hyun Ja Han ),김두남 ( Doo Nam Kim ),안두해 ( Du Hae An ),정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ) 한국어병학회 2013 한국어병학회지 Vol.26 No.3
제주도에서 좌초된 뱀머리돌고래, Steno bredanensis에서 Enterococcus faecium이 분리 되었다. E. faecium은 간, 비장, 신장, 심장, 폐에서 1.54 × 106 cfu/g까지분리 되었다. E. faecium KCCM 12118과 분리균주사이의 효소 활성은 차이가 없었고 생화학적 특성은 같거나 유사하였다. 모든 분리균주는 6 종류 항균제에 대해 다재내성을 갖고 있었으나 chloramphenicol 과 vancomycin에 대한 내성은 없었다. Enterococcus faecium was isolated from the internal organs of the rough-toothed dolphine, Steno bredanensis which was stranded at Jeju island. E. faecium were isolated from the liver, spleen, kidney, heart and lung up to 1.54 × 106 cfu/g. No significant differences of bacterial enzyme activities between E. faecium KCCM 12118 and the isolates were found. Biochemical constellation was the same or similar to that of E. faecium KCCM 12118 according to API20 strep. All isolates had the multi-drug resistance to 6 antibiotics by an agar disk diffusion method but these isolates didn`t have resistance to chloramphenicol and vancomycin.