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김한영(Han-Young Kim),정봉철(Bong-Chul Chung),장시혁(Si-Hyuk Jang),김도영(Do-Young Kim) 대한설비공학회 2011 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.7
The present study has been conducted to design a high efficiency impeller for a centrifugal chiller with the refrigerant R134a. In this study, we considered a harmony between impeller and diffuser in full load and part load condition. To get a high efficiency and reliability in suitable range, the numerical analyses were carried out at the various flow rate. A finally designed compressor was investigated experimentally to check the performance. The analysis data coincides with the test result of the compressor quite well and also the data in this study would be useful for an expanded capacity of an impeller to improve compressor efficiency.
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기후변화 시나리오에 따른 미래 참다래 궤양병 피해 예측
도기석 ( Ki Seok Do ),정봉남 ( Bong Nam Chung ),최경산 ( Kyung San Choi ),안정준 ( Jeong Joon Ahn ),좌재호 ( Jae Ho Joa ) 한국농림기상학회 2016 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.18 No.2
RCP4.5와 RCP8.5 미래 기후 변화 시나리오자료와 참다래 궤양병 피해 예측 모형인 D-PSA-K, 미래 참다래 재배적지 지도를 활용하여 궤양병의 미래 피해를 예측하고 참다래 궤양병의 발생 변화의 경향성을 찾아 보았다. 병원 세균에 의한 감염이 충분히 있다는 가정 아래에서 RCP4.5와 RCP8.5 시나리오의 2020년대와 2050년대에서 궤양병의 최대이병주율은 제주도와 남해안 일부 지역을 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 75% 이상으로 나타날 것으로 예측되었다. 두 시나리오들 모두에서 월동기 저온환경이 없다는 가정 아래에서의 참다래 궤양병에 의한 가지 피해량은 거의 모든 재배가능지에서 증가될 것으로 예측된 반면에 월동기 저온에 의한 가지 피해량 증가율은 거의 모든 재배가능지에서 감소할 것으로 예측되었다. 지역 및 시나리오별로 궤양병 피해의 증가 및 감소의 경향은 다르게 나타날 것으로 예측되었다. RCP4.5 시나리오에서 2050년대에 2020년대에 비하여 10% 이상 최대 이병주율의 증가가 일어날 것으로 예측된 참다래 재배 가능지는 전체 재배 가능지의 3.14%, RCP8.5 시나리오에서는 25.41%였다. We estimated the averaged maximum incidences of bacterial canker at suitable sites for kiwifruit cultivation in 2020s and 2050s using D-PSA-K model with RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios. Though there was a little difference between the estimation using RCP4.5 and that using RCP8.5, the estimated maximum disease incidences were more than 75% at all the suitable sites in Korea except for some southern coastal areas and Jeju island under the assumption that there are a plenty of infections to cause the symptoms. We also analyzed the intermediate and final outputs of D-PSA-K model to find out the trends on the change in disease incidence affected by climate change. Whereas increase of damage to kiwifruit canes in a non-frozen environment caused by bacterial canker was estimated at almost all the suitable sites in both the climate change scenarios, rate of necrosis increase caused by the bacterial canker pathogen in a frozen environment during the last overwintering season was predicted to be reduced at almost all the suitable sites in both the climate change scenarios. Directions of change in estimated maximum incidence varied with sites and scenarios. Whereas the maximum disease incidence at 3.14% of suitable sites for kiwifruit cultivation in 2020s under RCP4.5 scenario was estimated to increase by 10% or more in 2050s, the maximum disease incidence at 25.41% of the suitable sites under RCP8.5 scenario was estimated so.
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先進國의 特殊敎育制度 比較硏究 : 美國ㆍ英國ㆍ日本을 中心으로
鄭奉道 大邱大學校特殊敎育硏究所 1985 特殊敎育硏究 Vol.12 No.-
The contents of the study which have made the full discussion centering around America, England, and Japan will be classified largely into the development of educational system, the system of educational administration, the system of school, and the system of training for the teacher for the handicapped. (1) Educational system for the handicapped which was affected by the evolution of individual teaching activity for the deaf during the 17th century and a drive to generalization and liability for the education since religious reformation was taking shape as school education in early stage, It lays stress on the deaf and the blind education under the name of Asylum, Justitution, and Academy. Therefore, the blind school was set up by de I'EPee first in the world in France in 1760, and the school began education for the blind in England in 1783, in America in 1817, and in Japan in 1878 respectively, but the application of the education law for the handicapped was made far later. (2) As to the administrative orgnization of education for the handicapped, the administrative office for the handicapped tends to be divided in various ways, but depends on the standard of the handicapped. Generally the Education Ministry takes charge of the education for the handicapped in most countries, but sometimes the Public health Ministry and the Labor Ministry take charge of the part of it, but it depends on each country: for example, it is taken charge of by the Ministry of Health and Education and Social Welfare in America, both the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Public Health in England, and the Ministry of Education in Japan respectively. (3) As for the system of school for the handicapped, the school, in a large number of advanced countries, primarily educates them the course of compulsory education. The phased education organization for the handicapped is founded to run the special school and class for the handicapped in accordance with the system of grade in the general education. The education for the handicapped is made in the stage of preschool in most of advanced countries just as in America, England, and Japan that pursue education for the handicapped as a part of a compulsory education. Secondary education for the handicapped is quite limited in all countries and vocational education courses take great parts of it because the purpose of the education is their vocational self-support. The stage of higher education integrates general school. (4) As to training of the teacher for the handicapped, there are two kinds of training system. The qualification for the teacher is limited to those who go through with basic and general training courses for teachers in college and those who have experience in the school for the handicapped as well. America has both of them but, Japan, and Korea rest on the first. In the system of license, all the nations make a general principle of the system of accreditation by training course. The requirements of the teacher for the handicapped make a principle of the system of license, which depend on a unit system without a qualifying examination in America and Japan while it is approved differently through the strict national examination in England.
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정봉도 한국초등특수교육학회 1999 초등특수교육연구 Vol.1 No.1
사회가 발전해 갈수록 장애인들의 특수교육과 복지에 대한 요구가 점점 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 사회 복지 측면에서, 장애의 유무와는 상관없이 모든 인간 개개인은 평생 교육과 재활 교육을 통한 지속적인 지원이 필요하다. 재활 교육의 궁극적인 목표는 장애인들의 경제적 그리고 직업적인 자립성을 획득하는 것이다. 그러므로 장애인들의 지역사회 참여를 극대화하기 위해서 특수교육은 그들의 능력과 태도에 적합한 다양한 직업 교육에 중점을 두는 방향으로 발전해 가야 할 것이다. As the society has been developing, the handicapped persons' needs for special educations and welfare activities have been increasing. Therefore, with the name of social welfare, regardless of the presence of disabilities every individual needs continuous supports through lifelong educations and rehabilitation educations. The ultimate goal of the rehabilitation education is to achieve the handicapped persons' economic and vocational independencies so the special education for the persons with disabilities should be focused on the various vocational educations appropriate to their capabilities and aptitudes in order to involve in the their communities.
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정봉도,조정원 한국교육학회 대구·경북지회 1989 교육학논총 Vol.8 No.-
Having a good educational system is an easy way to guarantee a good education. Dealing with the problems of educational system is prerequisite and fundamental to realize the purpose of education for the handicapped. The purpose of this study is to improve the existing laws and regulations, administrational/financial system in education for the handicapped in Korea. The followings are the results. First, I concretely sugguest that of various laws and regulations in education for the handicapped the articles which are unreasonable in reality or discord with the others should be amended or deleted, or new articles should be created. Major contents I sugguested are the followings. 1. I found the basis of qualification of priniciple, vice-principle, and teacher in special school for the education of physically and mentally handicapped children. 2. I reduced the number of students in a class to 10(now 20). 3. Of various laws and regulations in education for the handicapped. I amended the articles which were unnecessary or required revision. Second, I proposed to establish an education buneau for the handicapped in the ministry of education, and set up supervisors after establishing an education section for the handicapped in the board of education in city/province to improve administrational system of education for the handicapped. Third, I show you the followings to solve the problem of insufficient financial resourses in education for the handicapped, and take a measure to secure sufficient financial resourses. 1. I amended the financial system of local education. We will secure the stable financial resourses by appropriating the promoting expenses in education for the handicapped, in a invariable vatio. This is a measure to secure educational expenses for the handicapped in government level by amending the financial system of education for the handicapped. 2. I calculated the reasonable unit of educational expenses by its necessity after revising the way of distribution in existing education finance. And I presented this model. 3. To secure the sufficient educational expenses for the handicapped, I suggested a measure which can ensure the practical educational expenses for the handicapped by encouraging companies, religious bodies, benevolent persons or parents of students to donate an education fund and a subscription.. Such an improvement is needed for the development of education for the handicapped in our country, and for the activation of the administrational efficiency. And I can tell you that the above suggestions are the measures which can be improved. But the practice of these measures only depends on the strong will and the efforts of the govermment.
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