2형 당뇨 환자에 있어서 C형 간염의 유병률에 관한 연구

김구영,서광섭,유광렬,임병욱,채선애,강남훈,김창훈,권영우,김희수,류성태,이정환,박성우,오웅식,김정한 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2003 中央醫大誌 Vol.28 No.1

Background: We have doubt about the truth that Type 2 DM is associated with chronic hepatitis C infection. The aim of our study was to prove a close relationship between chronic HCV infection and type 2 DM in korean patients. Methods: We reviewed the out-patient's medical records of 466 patients with type 2 DM who visit the Sung-ae hospital from March 2000 to August 2001. Diabetic patients were analyzed for the following variables: age, sex, waist circumference, weight, waist/hip ratio, using of self monitoring of blood glucose, method of therapy, duration of disease, experience of previous transfusion, major surgical procedure, accompanied disease, liver function tests (LFT), HbA1 c. We ruled out patients with liver cirrhosis. Results: Hepatitis C virus infection was observed more frequently in patient with Type 2 DM. Of 466 Type 2 DM patients, 13 patients were infected with Hepatitis C virus (2.79%). Compared with mean prevalence of Korean population (1.3~1.6%), it's value is very high. the other hand, 21 patients were infected with Hepatitis B virus (4.5%). Such results are similar to mean prevalence of the general public (4~5%). Conclusions: Prevalence of hepatitis C was closely associated in korean patients with type 2 DM. And an increased prevalence is independent of cirrhosis.

The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults

Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.

새천년과 한국 영어교육의 과제

김성애 새한영어영문학회 2000 새한영어영문학 Vol.42 No.1

개질 결합재의 노화 특성이 아스팔트 콘크리트의 강도특성에 미치는 영향

김광수,안경애,김성운,이상범,이순제 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 2001 석재연 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

아스팔트의 노화 진행 과정의 특성과 아스팔트 혼합물의 노화 특성과의 관계에 대한 국내에서의 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 결합재인 아스팔트의 노화가 아스팔트 혼합물의 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 결합재로 사용된 폴리머 3종류와 골재 두 종류, 두 가지 입도, 두 종류의 아스팔트를 사용하여 32종류의 혼합물을 제조하고, 이를 다시 노화 전, 단기노화, 장기노화 처리하였다. 각각의 개질ㆍ비개질 아스팔트혼합물의 노화 과정의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 회복탄성계수실험(MR)과 간접인장강도실험(ITS)을 수행하였고, 추출ㆍ회수 후 바인더 특성시험(침입도, 동점도, 절대점도, GPC)을 수행하였다. 이를 다시 SAS를 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 혼합물 시험에서 노화가 진행되어 감에 따라 회복탄성계수 및 간접인장강도는 크게 증가했다. 그리고 밀입도가 갭입도보다 강도 특성에서 크게 나타났고, 폴리머간의 비교에서 송진을 개빌한 바인더를 사용한 혼합물의 특성이 가장 우수하게 나타나 상온에서 가장 효과적인 개질재임을 알 수 있었다. 바인더 시험에서 골재 종류가 노화시 물성에 심각한 요인임을 알 수 있었고, 입도는 점도변화에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 폴리머는 아스팔트 자체의 노화에 영향을 미치지 않는 인자임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 GPC를 이용한 LMS 측정으로 추출ㆍ회수없이도 바인더 물성을 어느 정도 예측 할 수 있는 가능성을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과 아스팔트 혼합물의 노화특성은 골재 종류, 입도, 개질재의 종류, 바인더의 종류 등의 다양한 요인에 의해 영향을 받는 상태에서 바인더의 특성 변화만으로 혼합물의 강도 특성 변화를 추정하는데는 어려움이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Asphalt concrete is a mixed product of asphalt binder and aggregates. Asphalt binder characteristics in asphalt mixture are changed due to aging of binder. Since asphalt mixture becomes stiffer and brittle due to age hardening of binder, mechanical properties of asphalt concrete are also a function of binder characteristics. However, the correlation of mixture mechanical property with asphalt (binder) property is not well known. This study dealt with evaluation of physical properties of asphalt binder, including polymer modified asphalt (PMA), and mechanical properties of asphalt mixture. The measured physical properties included absolute viscosity, kinematic viscosity, penetration, and LMS (large molecular size). The mechanical property included resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength and stiffness index. Statistical analyses were carried out to find out the factor(s) having a significant effect on change of physical and/or mechanical properties of asphalt mixture due to aging. A relatively high correlation was found from each physical property with stiffness index.

확장된 객체 지향적 설계방법론에 관한 고찰

金晟愛,李聖周,李潤培 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

The object-oriented approach views a system as a set of objects, each object having a set of well defined operations, and a transformation function that transforms the objects by performing operations on the objects. The Current object-oriented design methodology proposed by Booch is strictly object-oriented, as it concentrates on identifying the objects and the operations on the objects and places little emphasis on the transformation function. This approach is acceptable for smaller systems, but may not be suitable for Complex problems, where the transformation function may be fairly complex. For such systems the design methodology should explicitly adress the design of the transformation function. In this paper we have incorporated a top-down, refinement technique with the object-oriented design methodology in an effort to alleviate this limitation of the methodology.

양모 폴리에스테르 혼방직물의 역학적특성과 태에 관한 연구

김경애,김성희 우석대학교 자원개발연구소 1996 자원개발연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.-

To determine the change of the mechanical properties of the wool/polyester blend fabrics in promotion to blend ratio and weave type. 16 mechanical properties and hand value were measured on 5 blend fabrics by KES-F system. Statistical analysis was performed using T-test, ANOVA. The results were as follow : (1) There was significant difference in tensile, bending, shearing, surface, compression according to the blend ratio. (2) According to the weave there was significant difference in tensile bending surface compression in the wool/polyester blended fabrics. 3. There was significant difference in stiffness according to the blend ratio. (4) According to the weave there was significant difference in anti-drape stiffness crispness fullness in the polyester blended fabrics.

microwave oven에 의한 냉동 딸기 jam에 관한 연구

김상애 新羅大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

이상의 것을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ① microwave oven에서 조리한 jam은 전열기에서 조리한 jam에 비하여 조리과정의 번잡이 없어 편리하였으며, 전력소모는 절약되었고 가열시간이 약간 더 소요되었던 것은 열원을 올림과 동시에 조리가 시작되었으므로 전열기의 조리방법과 그 조건이 다른데 기인한다. ② 색차계에 의하여 측정된 색의 변화는 2가지 조리방법에서는 큰 차이가 없으나 lemon 첨가군의 a 값이 가장 높았으며, microwave oven에서 조리된 jam은 검붉은 적색을 나타내었다. lemon 첨가군만 제외하고는 저장중의 a값은 약간의 감소, L값은 약간의 증가를 보였다. ③ 총 anthocyanin량은 저장 초기에는 microwave oven에서의 jam에서는 lemon 첨가군, 60%, 70%, 80% 설탕첨가군 순서였으며, 저장 중 모든 군에서 감소되었고 시판 jam의 anthocyanin 함량은 저장 60일에는 아주 감소되었다. ④ pH는 3.4정도로 2가지 조리방법에 의한 차는 거의 없었고, lemon 첨가군은 3.15∼3.20으로 낮은 pH를 나타내었다. ⑤ 당도는 microwave oven에서 가열 조리한 jam이 전열기에 의한 것이나 시판 jam보다 높았다. ⑥ 환원당은 저장 초기에는 낮은 값이였으나 저장 중 전화에 의하여 저장 30일에는 초기보다 증가하다가 저장 60일에는 감소하였다. 환원당량은 전열기에 의하여 조리된 jam에서 그 함량이 높았다. ⑦ 관능검사 결과는 모든 항목에서 microwave oven을 이용한 jam이 우수함을 나타내었다. Strawberries are rapidly frozen at -40℃ and kept in storage for 36 days and then jam is prepared with microwave oven and electric heater by dividing the stored strawberries into 4 group, the 1st group is added 80% sugar, the 2nd group is added 70% sugar, the 3rd group 60% sugar, the 2nd group is added 70% sugar, the 3rd group 60% sugar, and the 4th group lemon and 70% sugar. The jam is kept in storage at 2-5℃ for 60 days and experiments are conducted on the change of color, anthocyanin content, reducing sugar, etc, at the first stage of the storage, at the 30th day and during the 60 day respectively. The results are summarized as follows: 1. As for the color change, the value of hunter "a" tends to decrease gradually, while the "L" value tends to increase. In particular, there were few changes in the values "a" and "L" of the lemon-added group while was prepared with microwave oven. 2. The total anthocyanin continued to decrease during the storage and most prominent reduction rate was discovered in the lemon-added group. 3. pH amounted to around 3.4 and sugar density was higher of the jam prepared using microwave oven. 4. The reducing sugar content was highest in the lemon-added group and it decreased gradually as the duration of the storage became longer. 5. The panel showed that the jam prepared using microwave was superior in every parameter.

體育科 入試 實技考査種目의 妥糖性에 關한 硏究

金正默,林聖愛,李來華,金炳斗,安禹洪,李敏炯,金基學 慶北大學校 師範大學 1977 敎育硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

The following conclusion has been derived from the foregoing results of analysis and observation. First, we found, in this proposed system, reliability, objecivity, and individuality. Second, this type of system must be able to measure numerable testees. Third, testees are regulated that they are brought to the same condition in which their willful adventage are not allowed, Fourth, when considering the foundamental physical strength and skills can be evaluated in general throughout all skills areas of physical education, the following items of skills are recognized to have the advantages and disadvantages which relatively lack or relieve one another. However, under various conditions of the prevailing system of the entrance physical test, the following measurable items of physical skills selected are concluded as having highest validity primarily for the physical entrance examination. 1. Side Step B Style 2. Zigzag Run 3. Wall Pass 4. Standing Long Jump

간호대학생의 임상실습에 대한 인식유형 : Q방법론적 접근

김명애,김효은,남승희 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study is to explore perception types and to understand the nature education by using the Q methodology A Q sample was developed through a review of the literature and descriptions about nursing students' experience in clinical practice. Thirty-six statements made up the finalized Q sample. The P sample consisted of 33 third grade nursing students in K university. Q statements were written on separate cards and were given to the 33 subjects to sort according to degree of agreement or disagreement. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analysed with the Quanl PC program. A a result, three major perception types, namely, 'alienation of ideal and reality'<type 1>, 'active participation'<type 2>, and 'perception of identifying the nature of the three types. this limitation of ability'<type 3> were identified. By identifying the nature of the three types, this study suggests efficient strategies for developing clinical educational programs according to the perception types of nursing students Clinical education would thereby be more valuable.

원발성 진챙성 실어증 1례

이애영,오상근,김제,김재문 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.2