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Atomoxetine and Fluoxetine Activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 Pathway in Human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG Cells
Songhee Jeon(Songhee Jeon),Jeong-Eun Park(Jeong-Eun Park),Young Ho Do(Young Ho Do),Renata Santos(Renata Santos ),Seong Mi Lee(Seong Mi Lee),Bung-Nyun Kim(Bung-Nyun Kim),Jae Hoon Cheong(Jae Hoon Cheong 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.3
Objective Atomoxetine and fluoxetine are psychopharmacologic agents associated with loss of appetite and weight. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor that regulate metabolism and energy, being activated by fasting and inhibited by feeding in the hypothalamus. Methods Human brain cell lines (SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells) were used to study the outcome of atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the activity of AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)- carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway and upstream regulation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) using immunoblotting and CPT1 enzymatic activity measures. Results Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC increased significantly after atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the first 30-60 minutes of treatment in the two cell lines. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC was associated with an increase by 5-fold of mitochondrial CPT1 activity. Although the neuronal isoform CPT1C could be detected by immunoblotting, activity was not changed by the drug treatments. In addition, the increase in phospho-AMPK and phospho-ACC expression induced by atomoxetine was abolished by treatment with STO-609, a CaMKKβ inhibitor, indicating that AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway is activated through CaMKKβ phosphorylation. Conclusion These findings indicate that at the cellular level atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatments may activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathways through CaMKKβ in human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells.
Optimization of Curing Regimes for Precast Prestressed Members with Early-Strength Concrete
Songhee Lee,Ngocchien Nguyen,Thi Suong Le,Chadon Lee 한국콘크리트학회 2016 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.10 No.3
Early-strength-concrete (ESC) made of Type I cement with a high Blaine value of 500 ㎡/kg reaches approximately 60 % of its compressive strength in 1 day at ambient temperature. Based on the 210 compressive test results, a generalized rate-constant material model was presented to predict the development of compressive strengths of ESC at different equivalent ages (9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 100 and 168 h) and maximum temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C) for design compressive strengths of 30, 40 and 50 MPa. The developed material model was used to find optimum curing regimes for precast prestressed members with ESC. The results indicated that depending on design compressive strength, conservatively 25–40 % savings could be realized for a total curing duration of 18 h with the maximum temperature of 60 °C, compared with those observed in a typical curing regime for concrete with Type I cement.
Lee, Chadon,Lee, Songhee,Nguyen, Ngocchien Korea Concrete Institute 2016 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.10 No.2
High-early-strength-concrete (HESC) made of Type III cement reaches approximately 50-70 % of its design compressive strength in a day in ambient conditions. Experimental investigations were made in this study to observe the effects of temperature, curing time and concrete strength on the accelerated development of compressive strength in HESC. A total of 210 HESC cylinders of $100{\times}200mm$ were tested for different compressive strengths (30, 40 and 50 MPa) and different curing regimes (with maximum temperatures of 20, 30, 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$) at different equivalent ages (9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 100 and 168 h) From a series of regression analyses, a generalized rate-constant model was presented for the prediction of the compressive strength of HESC at an early age for its future application in precast prestressed units with savings in steam supply. The average and standard deviation of the ratios of the predictions to the test results were 0.97 and 0.22, respectively.
Songhee Lee,Wonwoo Cho,Romika Chandra,Jiwon Han,Hoduck Kang 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol. No.
In this study, basic data with respect to the introduction of Hipphophae rhamnoides L. and its cultivation in Korea could be obtained. According to the size of the plug cell tray, Chinese origin’s rate of seed germination was relatively high in 128 plug cell tray, and growth was vibrant in 50 plug cell tray. The germination and growth of Russian origin seeds showed that they were relatively effective in 50 plug cell tray and with respect to soil environment, TKS-2 soil with untreated shading relatively promoted both germination and growth for Chinese origin, the rate of germination was high in bed soil for horticulture and growth result was good in TKS-2 in the case of Russian origin. It was confirmed that the germination rate of Chinese origin H. rahmnoides L. was highest in untreated shading and the shoot growth was vibrant in 70% shading while the growth in roots was vibrant in the untreated shading. In the Russian origin, H. rhamnoides L. the germination rate in 30% and 70% shading was about 50% which was higher than that in the untreated shading and general growth was vibrant in 30% shading.
Physiological Characteristics of Zelkova serrata Street Trees in Goyang and Paju, South Korea
Songhee Lee,Sora Lee,Seonghun Lee,Wonwoo Cho,Su Young Woo,Hoduck Kang,Tae Kyung Yoon 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2023 Journal of Forest Science Vol.39 No.1
Street trees have been incorporated into urban forests to regulate the microclimate and provide shade as well as provide aesthetic and environmental functions and to evaluate their physiological characteristics. Zelkova serrata is a major tree species that has been planted on various South Korean streets. We determined the physiological characteristics of Z. serrata in street trees of Goyang and Paju in Gyeonggi Province. According to survey sites, net CO2 assimilation rates was 13.9-16.4 μmol CO2 m-2s-1, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was 0.80-0.82, and proline contents was showed 3.4-3.7 mg g-1 FW. The studied trees were assumed to be physiologically stressed, but it was found that Z. serrata was planted as street trees were not significantly stressed when compared to chlorophyll fluorescence responses and proline contents. In the future, the continuous monitoring system is needed to evaluate the physiological characteristics of urban trees.
Raman Signatures of Polytypism in Molybdenum Disulfide
Lee, Jae-Ung,Kim, Kangwon,Han, Songhee,Ryu, Gyeong Hee,Lee, Zonghoon,Cheong, Hyeonsik American Chemical Society 2016 ACS NANO Vol.10 No.2
<P>Since the stacking order sensitively affects various physical properties of layered materials, accurate determination of the stacking order is important for studying the basic properties of these materials as well as for device applications. Because 2H-molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is most common in nature, most studies so far have focused on 2H-MoS2. However, we found that the 2H, 3R, and mixed stacking sequences exist in few-layer MoS2 exfoliated from natural molybdenite crystals. The crystal structures are confirmed by HR-TEM measurements. The Raman signatures of different polytypes are investigated by using three different excitation energies that are nonresonant and resonant with A and C excitons, respectively. The low-frequency breathing and shear modes show distinct differences for each polytype, whereas the high-frequency intralayer modes show little difference. For resonant excitations at 1.96 and 2.81 eV, distinct features are observed that enable determination of the stacking order.</P>
Songhee LEE,Eun Hea JHO,Sooim SHIN 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Due to the limited recovery of discarded materials and their durability, plastic debris is accumulating in the environment. The occurrence of microplastic has been studied exclusively in marine environments, but the terrestrial landmasses have not been studied. In this study, our aim was to examine potential effects of Polyvinyl chloride(PVC) and Low-density polyethylene(LDPE) microplastic in earthworm which is a representative territorial organism. To investigate the toxicological effects of microplastic, oxidative stress and mitochondrial marker were measured with different concentrations of microplastic exposure. As a result, the amounts of ROS/RNS and GSH were increased in both PVC and LDPE groups. However, ATP synthesis was decreased in the PVC treated group and increased in the LDPE treated group with a similar pattern in mitochondrial electron transfer complex activity. These results indicate that each microplastic has different oxidative mechanisms in the earthworm. For PVC, an increase in antioxidant defense led to the elimination of ROS/RNS but failed for the LDPE-treated group. These findings will provide implications for the risk of microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems.